Conus  cabraloi  Cossignani,  2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Malacologia 82, p. 23 - 24
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Praia Cabral, Boa Vista, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 12,8 x 7,2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-cabraloi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- The specimens studied were found at 0.1 to 0,5 meters deep, among rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Shell pyriform small ( 9 to 15 mm ) with spire moderately high, slightly concave dome-shaped protoconch; sutures barely noticeable, rounded shoulder. On last whorl, spiral grooves around characterize predominantly the anterior part while more than 25 spiral brown lines mark the shell that has dark greenish-brown background. A lighter spiral band runs medially around whorl, divided into two parts by a dark reddish line; staining tends to brown-red-green in siphonal area. The aperture is moderately wide with internal coloring purplish-brown, lighter in the adapical area; the lip joins in harmony with the shoulder without creating a significant step.

Discussion:-

 

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Conus  cabritii  Bernardi, 1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Probable holotype Image MNHN

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: J. Conchyl. 7, p. 377,  pl. xiii, f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in unknown collection and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 29 x 15 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus exiguus Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Fulgiconus Species:-exiguus cabritii forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South of New Caledonia
Habitat:-In S. New Caledonia, C. exiguus known from coral, rubble, and coarse sand with algae in 13-53 m, often inhabiting channels of the barrier reef with strong water currents.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. exiguus
C. e. cabritii widely distributed small 22-33mm conical to conoid.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  cacao  Ferrario, 1983

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Piu' Grande Enciclopedia Tutto Mondo 1,  p. 146
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Bay of Estuary of La Somone River, Senegal
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36.6 x 20.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Possibly a synonym form of Conus mercator Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-mercator cacao forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Senegal
Habitat:-Amongst rocks at shallow depths
Description:-Source Pin and Tack
Shell solid, turbinated, with 8-9 whorls. Spire usually eroded, not high but regularly conical, with well-marked suture. Shoulder medium wide but well rounded. Sides slightly convex. Some small cords not really marked at the base. Lip a little enveloping, almost straight. The last whorl is brown, more or less dark, or, rarely, greenish, characterised by two spiral bands formed by several white spots obliquely situated. The two bands, one on the inferior third and the other towards the shoulder, can be of either similar or different width and sometimes join each other (but never by the base) or are linked through series of less close spots. On the shoulder a series of larger white spots is sometimes present. The spire is white, the interior of the aperture purple with two whitish bands, one at the shoulder and the other at the inferior third. A narrow brown band borders the interior of the outer lip. The periostracum is light enough to let the ornamentation of the last whorl show through.
Discussion:-Variations Near Dakar Bel-Air the background colour of the last whorl is a very pale yellow and the spots are rather bluish. The spots can even disappear, in which case the last whorl is almost entirely bluish with a white band towards the inferior third (but this bluish variation has disappeared from Dakar Bel-Air, another victim of the strong pollution originating from the port near-by and its factories). At Pointe Sarene C. cacao shows a relatively wider and less rounded shoulder, and the background colour is usually lighter.
The shell of C. cacao differs from that of C. mercator by its solidity, the narrower shoulder, the sides not narrowing at the base, the low but regular, not concave and mucronated spire.

 

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Conus  cagarralensis  Cossignani,  2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Malacologia 82, p. 21
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Pedra do Lume, Sal, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 17,1 x 10,4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-cagarralensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- The specimens studied were found at 0.2 to 2 meters deep, among rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Shell small ( 14 to 21 mm) , pear-shaped, with moderately high spire, slightly concave , usually encrusted it is difficult to assess the protoconch ; tops of the whorls are crossed by two slight grooves; the spire is mainly white; the shoulder has a pronounced angle , the profile of last whorl is somewhat convex in the adapical area and slightly concave in the anterior area. The aperture is not narrow and internal staining is brown in the adapical area and white in the siphonal area; very characteristic is the pattern  around the last whorl comprising 7 alternating bands of light and dark fawn color with reticulation pattern which reveals a white mesh.

Discussion:-

 

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Conus  caillaudi  Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNN Bill Fenzan

Picture Link: Chris Zand

Picture Link: Bill Fenzan

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,  p. 285,  pl. 55, f. 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cargados Carajos Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 51 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-caillaudi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W. Indian Ocean: Mascarene Is., Mascarene Plateau, Chagos Archipelago and Red Sea.
Habitat:-Subtidal. Specimen from Banka Saya de Malha dredged in 160 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, usually moderately solid. Last whorl narrowly conical to conical, broadest in shells from the Red Sea; outline straight, slightly convex adapically. Shoulder angulate, to subangulate in Reunion, tuberculate to undulate. Spire of low to moderate height; outline variably concave, sometimes slightly sigmoid (Reunion). Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate to undulate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves; Red Sea shells with 4-6 faint spiral grooves on last 2 ramps. Last whorl with weak spiral grooves at base, occasionally followed adapically by widely spaced pairs of faint spiral ribs.
Ground colour yellowish tan to brown. Last whorl with fine, evenly spaced reddish brown spiral lines; adjacent lines often differing in width. Base and basal part of columella either white or somewhat darker than rest of last whorl. Apex cream or violet. Teleoconch sutural ramps with reddish brown axial markings. Aperture white or pale violet. Specimens from Reunion differ in having broader reddish brown spiral lines on last whorl; the abapical lines narrower but variable in width. Base and basal part of columella creamy white. Specimen from Banka Saya de Malha lacks any pattern elements. In specimens from Red Sea, last whorl with a variably broad white spiral band at centre, flanked by a broad tan band on each side; additional narrow white zone below shoulder interspersed with widely spaced brown axial dashes. Base and basal part of columella dark brown.
Shell Morphometry
L 29-52 mm
RW -0.20 g/mm
(ca. L 40-45 mm)
RD 0.47-0.62
PMD 0.84-0.94
RSH 0.08-0.16
Discussion:-This poorly known species is unmistakable within the genus because of its combination of spirally lineate colour pattern and undulate to tuberculate shoulder. Whether the specimens of Banka Saya de Malha and Red Sea belonging to this species or not, is not fully resolved, because they have broader last whorls lacking a spirally lineate pattern.

 

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Conus  cakobaui  Moolenbeek,  Röckel,  Bouchet,  2008

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Original Description

Picture Link: Paratypes

 

Published in: Vita Malacologica 6, 37
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Somo Somo Strait Vanua levu, Fiji
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18.9 x 8.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-cakobaui
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Fiji, Tonga
Habitat:-Found at depths of 400-700 m
Description:-Source original description
Shell small, thin and narrowly conical. Protoconch smooth, paucispiral, of 1.5 convex whorls, diameter 1025 um. Teleoconch of 7.5 whorls with rather deep suture, spire rather high, profile nearly t1at, slightly stepped adapically, shoulder angulate. First 3 teleoconch whorls with fine tubercles, gradually disappearing on subsequent whorls. Last whorl with 4 fine spiral grooves on periphery and about 15 on the base, no axial sculpture other than incremental lines. Colour: Protoconch transparent white. First teleoconch whorls creamy white with a brown spiral band on the periphery , extending over the row of tubercles or just adapically of it. On later whorls, this brown band is interrupted by white areas. Last whorl white with an irregular brown pattern. Tip of base white. Periostracum thjn light brown translucent.There is some variation in the material with regard to the colour of the last whorl. In some specimens the brown markings form a zigzag pattern, in others they tend to form axial stripes. The largest specimen (height 24.9 mm, width 10.3 mm) is more slender than the holotype. All are from deep water and all have paucispiral protoconchs indicating non- planktotrophic larval development

Discussion:-

 

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Conus  caledonicus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 634
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles; the Pacific coasts of New Caledonia, (erroneous), corrected (C, M & W) St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles, (Windward Islands).
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 55 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus cedonulli Linnaeus, 1767
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-cedonulli caledonicus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Lesser Antilles; Windward Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  calhetae  Rolán,  1990

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Iberus Sup. 2,  p. 41,  pl. 1,  f. 7, pl. 2,  f. 7, pl. 5,  f.
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Calheta, Isla de Maio, Cape Verde Is.; 1 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26.8 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus navarroi Rolan, 1986; described as a subspecies

Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-navarroi calhetae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Maio, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Collected in shallow depth (less than 1 m), among stones, where there is a little scattered sand.
Description:-Source Original description
Morphology of the seashell. The maximum dimension oscillates from 20 to 27 mm. The silhouette is not very extended and has a shoulder well formed. Spire is it somewhat raised, of straight profile, with whorls not stepped, without grooves and of brown and dark green color with white areas. The coloring of the variable seashell, presenting a ground color of azure gray in two bands situated, the first one, under the shoulder and, the second, on the lower half of the last whorl. On this ground coloring another overriding pattern is formed by a series of white areas distributed, especially, in two spiral bands, the first one, above the base and, the second, between this and the shoulder. Among them, there are irregular lines of brown color arranged in an axial sense. Variability is minimum for the pattern and modifications exist only for the quantity of spots and brown lines. Aperture with a lip of light color and, subsequently, a zone appears which becomes whiter slowly as it advances toward inside. Columella lilac or violet. Periostracum very fine, transparent and of yellow color.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  calhetinensis  Cossignani & Fiadeiro,  2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Malacologia 84, p. 22 - 23
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia di Calhetinha, Ilhéu do Galeão, Boa Vista, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 11,2 x 5,5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-calhetinensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- The specimens studied were found in 0.3 to 3 meters deep, on and under rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Pyriform shell of very small size, for the genus, slightly elongated, with a range from 8 to 12 mm in height, with elongated protoconch intact; with moderately high spire, slightly concave , sutures slightly stepped. The aperture is large with internally brown-tawny colouring and shows two thin lighter spiral bands, one in the adapical end  and another below the middle. The aperture opening starts in line with the whorl and makes a sweeping curve that straightens below the mid point. The shell has a greenish-brown coloration with two spiral bands on body whorl, the lower is more evident characterized by small irregular white maculations; the adapical band is barely visible and is found on the shoulder. 13 spiral grooves starting from the lower band are found on the columellar part of the shell.

Discussion:-

 

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Conus  californicus  Reeve, 1844

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus,  pl. 42,  sp. 224
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: California
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23.5 x 12.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CALIFORNICONINAE
Genus:-Californiconus Species:-californicus
Synonyms:- californicus! Hinds, 1844; ravus Gould, 1853
Geographic Range:-California
Habitat:-Found intertidally to 30 mm in sand and gravel
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately light in weight, with dull finish; ovate, the upper sides distinctly convex; basal ridges weakening to shoulder; shoulder broadly rounded, not distinct from spire; spire moderate, the sides convex, bluntly pointed; whorls weakly stepped, the sutures irregular posteriorly; body whorl dirty bluish white with strong tan overtones; basal third darker tan while shoulder lighter showing blue white; spiral ridges marked by brown lines; occasionly reticulate pattern; spire white blotched heavily tan; aperture wide; outer lip thin convex; mouth tan paler with dark violet patch; columella narrow, long, set off  by rounded ridge
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  calliginosus  Shikama, 1979  Nomen nudum, only listed for reference

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Sci. Rep. Yokosuka Cy. Mus. (26)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Taiwan.
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Kawamura (NMST) and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 51.3 x 21.3 mm
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum), described as a form after 1960.
Taxonomy: An invalid synonym:-
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-240 m; in Philippines
Description:-Although a nomen nudum this name is widely used for a patternless form.

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Conus  cancellatus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 712
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Hawaii [erroneous]. Dry Tortugas, Florida
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 39 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-cancellatus
Synonyms:- austini Rehder & Abbott, 1951; finkli Petuch, 1987; tristensis Petuch, 1987; brunneobandatus Petuch, 1992
Geographic Range:-E.  Florida, USA - Venezuela; Antigua
Habitat:-Deep Water
Description:-Source Vink
A moderately heavy shell, 35 to 55 mm (80 mm in Brazilian specimens near the southern limit of the range) with slightly concave rather high spire (especially in Brazilian specimens), and slightly pyriform to straight sides of the body whorl. A wide-shouldered shell with distinctly pyriform sides of the body whorl is probably an atypical specimen of C. cancellatus. Shoulder angulate, body whorl with low rounded wavy spiral ridges of irregular size and numerous axial grooves or sometimes plicae which gives the shell a cancellate appearance. Spire whorls slightly stepped (often more stepped in Brazilian specimens), tops of the whorls straight to slightly concave with about 5 low spiral ridges crossed by concave growth lines. Nucleus: 2 whorls; axial sculpture on the sides of the first 3 to 4 postnuclear whorls, sides of the early whorls smaller than the tops.
Nearly all specimens of C. cancellatus are white or creamy white, with a yellowish apex. Some specimens have light brown bands or traces of brown bands around mid-body and below the shoulder, a pattern reminiscent of that of C. stimpsoni. Such specimens also have brown maculations on the spire whorls.
Discussion:-Notes: Walls created confusion using the name cancellatus for specimens of the Indo Pacific species C. pagodus and the name atractus for specimens of cancellatus.

 

 

Conus  cancellatus f. austini  Rehder & Abbott, 1951

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer

Published in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 41,  p. 22,  f. 7
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Southwest of Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida; 40-46 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 55.5 x 25.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus cancellatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name austini.

 

Conus cancellatus f.  brunneobandatus  Petuch, 1992

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CMNH Alan Kohn

Published in: La Conchiglia xxiii. no. 264,  p. 37,  figs. 3 & 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Tobejuba Boca Araguao, Orinoco River Delta, Venezuela; 25 m.
Type Data: Holotype in CMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym colour form of Conus cancellatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-cancellatus brunneobandatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Guyana, Brazil
Habitat:-On mud bottoms in 20-35 m. depths
Description:-Source original description
Shell distinctly turnip-shaped, with wide broad shoulder, deeply concave sides, and narrow, tapering anterior end; shoulder sharply-angled, with well developed, keel-like carina; spire elevated, slightly scalariform; body whorl shiny, ornamented with 30-32 large, evenly-spaced spiral cords, giving shell rough appearence; aperture narrow; body whorl white, encircled with continuous, wide, light brown or tan band; brown band often encircles only midbody region, but in some specimens (such as holotype) extends from shoulder to below midbody; anterior tip of shell white; spire whorls white with scattered tan flammules; protoconch and early whorls pale orange-tan; interior of aperture white; periostracum thin, brown, velvety.
Discussion:-The author states that Conus brunneobandatus occurs with, and is most often misidentified as Conus cancellatus Hwass, 1792. This is smaller species with a more truncated, turnip-shaped body. The wide brown band of this species C. cancellatus, even in specimens with brown markings. The new species also has a much finer body whorl sculpturing than does C. cancellatus, with some specimens having virtually smooth shells devoid of coarse spiral cords.

 

Conus cancellatus f. finkli  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas,  p. 111. pl. 25,  f. 10 & 11
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Gulf of Venezuela, off Punto Fijo, Falcon, Venezuela; 35 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus cancellatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-cancellatus finkli forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Colombia, Venezuela
Habitat:-Found at depths around 35m.
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell elongated, slightly turnip- shaped in outline; spire elevated, slightly concave on sides; body whorl ornamented with 25 evenly-spaced raised cords; cords on anterior canal with fine threads in- between; spire whorls ornamented with one large spiral cord, medially placed; color pure white with only one band of widely-spaced, reddish- brown crescent-shaped flammules around mid-body; spire whorls with widely-scattered, large, reddish-brown flammules; interior of aperture white; periostracum thick, dark brown,with rows of small hairs and with rows of large tufts around shoulder.
Discussion:-
Conus finkli is an almost white shell shell. As far as is known, C. finkli is confined to the Gulf of Venezuela, in upwelling areas of cold water.
Diaz (1990) considers C. finkli a synonym of C. austini, but finkli always has flammules on the spire, pinkish early whorls, and doesn't develop axial sculpture as strongly.

 

 

Conus cancellatus f.  tristensis Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer

 

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas,  p. 113,  pl. 16, f. 9, 10 & 11
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Golfo de Triste, off Tucacas, Carabobo State, Venezuela; 35 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus cancellatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-cancellatus tristensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Caribbean, Venezuela
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell stocky with compressed body, wide across shoulder and tapering rapidly toward anterior end; shoulder sharply angled, slightly carinated; spire low, flattened; body whorl sculptured with 18 prominent, raised spiral cords; spiral cords pustulated; spire whorls sculptured with six incised spiral sulci; shell color pure white with small, scattered pale orange- brown flammules; spire whorls with regularly-spaced, amorphous brown flammules; early whorls pale orange; periostracum thick, with rows of erect hairs that correspond to raised, pustulated cords on body whorl.
Discussion:-Petuch states that the cords on the body whorl are pustulated, giving a rough texture to the shell Conus tristensis resembles no other living Caribbean species. This is not apparent from the type specimen which has a similar structure to C. cancellatus with the spiral ridges separated more widely.

 

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Conus  canonicus  Hwass in Bruguiere,  1792

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Neotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Living Animal: David Massemin  New Caledonia

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 749
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Maldive Islands; restricted (C, M & W) to the Maldives, (Indian Ocean), neotype locality not mentioned
Type Data: Neotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 28 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-canonicus
Synonyms:- rubescens Bonnet, 1864; condensus  Sowerby ii, 1866
Geographic Range:-E. Africa to French Polynesia; absent from Marshall Is. and Hawaii.
Habitat:-Intertidal and uppermost subtidal; on subtidal coral reef flats, in sand under coral rocks, in coral rubble with or without sand and on limestone pavement, often close to living corals.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl conoid-cylindrical, sometimes ventricosely conical, conical, or cylindrical; outline convex at adapical fourth, slightly convex to straight and parallel-sided below, with straightly tapering sides at basal third; left side constricted above base. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to slightly concave or slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of about 2.75 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 4-5.5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly convex to slightly concave, with 0-1 increasing to 9-10 weak spiral grooves or more spiral striae. Last whorl with weak spiral ribs basally, sometimes extending beyond centre.
Ground colour white, often suffused with pink or blue. Last whorl with yellowish brown spots and flecks and with a network of fine brown lines edging tiny to moderately large, round to tentlike ground colour markings. Similarly sized tents may be arranged in groups. Yellowish brown spots and flecks interspersed with broad dark brown axial lines, sometimes also with spiral lines, usually forming 2 interrupted spiral bands, within basal third and just above centre. Larval whorls pale pink. Early postnuclear sutural ramps pale pink. First 2-4 ramps immaculate, following ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture pink, sometimes suffused with orange or violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-70 mm
RW 0.17-0.44 g/mm
(L 35-60 mm)
RD 0.53-0.64
PMD 0.74-0.86
RSH 0.06-0.22
Discussion:-C. canonicus is similar to C. abbas, C. textile, C. legatus and C. aureus;
C. canonicus has often been referred erroneously to as C. tigrinus, a synonym of C. textile.
C. condensus, is an elongate specimen of C. canonicus.

 

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Conus  capitanellus  Fulton, 1938

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. xxiii,  part 1,  p. 55,  pl. 3,  f. 1. & 1 a
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Kii, Japan
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 20 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Stellaconus Species:-capitanellus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines and in New Caledonia.
Habitat:-Found at depths of 80-500 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical, sometimes broadly conical; outline variably convex at adapical third to two-thirds, straight below. Shoulder angulate, rarely outwardly curved. Spire usually low, outline concave to almost straight. Larval shell of 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1 mm. First 1-2.5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat or weakly concave, with 1-3 increasing to 5-6 spiral grooves. Last whorl with a few weak spiral ribs or ribs and ribbons at base.
Ground colour white, occasionally tinged with yellow to tan in places. Last whorl with a broad brown spiral band on each side of centre and brown axial streaks from base to shoulder ramp. Larval whorls yellow to white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with brown radial streaks. Aperture white, slightly translucent except in large adults.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-40 mm
RW 0.13-0.19 g/mm
RD 0.60-0.71
PMD 0.81-0.94
RSH 0.07-0.13
Some rare specimens weakly granulose;
Discussion:-C. capitanellus is similar to C. capitaneus and C. plinthis; these  species attain much larger size, and its last whorl is less convex in outline, bears spiral rows of coarse and minute brown dots and has a dark brown base.

 

----------

 

Conus  capitaneus  Linnaeus, 1758

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in LSL Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Living animal: David Massemin  New Caledonia

 

Published in: Systema Naturae 10th ed., 1,  p. 713
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Type locality Asia, restricted (C, M & W) to Larantuka, Flores, Indonesia.
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 51 x 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-capitaneus
Synonyms:- ferrugineus Bosc, 1801; ceciliae Crosse, 1858
Geographic Range:-Natal and E. Africa to Hawaii, Samoa and Tonga, Japan to Australia; absent from Red Sea
Habitat:-Intertidal and entire subtidal; in Philippines to about 240 m; most common on slightly subtidal reef flats and stretches of sand passing into reef flats, occurring on sand under coral rocks, on coral rock with coralline algal encrustation or in holes and crevices.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical to broadly or broadly and ventricosely conical; outline convex near shoulder, less so or straight below; left side concave near base. Shoulder angulate, sometimes subangulate. Spire low, outline slightly sigmoid, straight or concave. Larval shell of 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.9 mm. First 0.5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, smooth within following 0.5 whorl. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat to slightly convex, with 2 increasing to 5-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with widely spaced, often weak spiral ribs at base; in subadults, ribs followed by variably spaced spiral rows of punctations sometimes retained basally in small adults.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with broad, brown or olive spiral bands, leaving white bands at shoulder and centre. Central band edged with dark brown markings, some of which cross the band; subshoulder band crossed by dark brown streaks. Spiral colour bands interspersed by spiral rows of dark brown coarse dots or axial streaks of varying length. Numerous spiral rows of minute brown dots extend from base to shoulder, often sparse within white bands and densely clustered anteriorly, producing a dark brown base; dots become axially rather than spirally aligned during growth. Larval whorls yellow; adjacent sutural ramps greenish yellow. Later sutural ramps white, with variably broad, brown to black radial blotches, some of which extend as streaks to subshoulder area. Aperture white. Pattern consistent from juveniles of about 15 mm to the adult stage.
Shell Morphometry
L 55-98 mm
RW 0.33-0.80 g/mm
((L 55-85))
RD 0.65-0.75
PMD 0.82-0.92
RSH 0.05-0.12
C. mustelinus the midbody band has discrete oval black black spots not connected across midbody; more elongate, narrower shoulder, higher more convex spire; seldom more than 2-3 rows large spots.
C. ceciliae used for large specimens, brightly colored, retaining heavy juvenile structures.
Discussion:-.
C. ceciliae is based on a subadult specimen of C. capitaneus with spiral rows of deep punctations on the last whorl.

 

Conus capitaneus  f.  ceciliae  Crosse, 1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: J. Conchyl. 7,  p. 381,  pl. xiv,  f. 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus capitaneus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-capitaneus ceciliae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific
Habitat:-Intertidal and entire subtidal; in Philippines to about 240 m; most common on slightly subtidal reef flats and stretches of sand passing into reef flats, occurring on sand under coral rocks, on coral rock with coralline algal encrustation or in holes and crevices.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. ceciliae is based on a subadult specimen of C. capitaneus with spiral rows of deep punctations on the last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data

 

----------

 

Conus  capreolus  Röckel, 1985

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMSF Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Arch. Moll. cxv. (4/6),  p. 267,  pl. 1,  f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: About 50 km from east coast of E. Indian state of Visakhapatnam; 50 m
Type Data: Holotype in NMSF deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40.7 x 18.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-capreolus
Synonyms:- semisulcatus Sowerby, 1870
Geographic Range:-E.  India - Andaman Sea
Habitat:-Reported from 50 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid. Last whorl conical, outline almost straight; subadult shells slightly convex adapically, large shells with a concave right side. Shoulder sharply angulate. Spire of moderate height, early whorls stepped, outline regularly concave. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 5-7 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, later whorls carinate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with pronounced closely set radial threads; early ramps with 1-2 increasing to 3 fine spiral grooves, later ramps with finer spiral striation. Last whorl with a few spiral grooves at base, separated by ribs anteriorly and by ribbons posteriorly.
Ground colour white, suffused with violet and cream on last whorl. Last whorl with fawn axial streaks, varying from separate to fused in an almost solid brown colouration. Larval whorls white. Early teleoconch sutural ramps usually tan, later ramps grade to largely white. Aperture cream white, shaded with very pale violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 36-65 mm
RW 0.11-0.22 g/mm
RD 0.55-0.58
PMD 0.87-0.96
RSH 0.13-0.19
Discussion:-

 

----------

 

Conus  capricorni   van  Mol, Tursch & Kempf, 1967

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. 45,  p. 238,  f. 3,  pl. 10,  f. 1 a-b
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Porto Alegre, Brazil; 141-135 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49.2 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Incertae cedis:- uncertain (incertae cedis), probably a fossil form of C. cancellatus Hwass by Filmer, 1792; regarded as a valid species by Petuch & Myers, 2014
Habitat: Deep water
Description: Translated from the French original description.

Spire fairly low profile right, acuminate, nucleus very high - at least three rounds, opaque, smooth, brownish. Early rounds has very angular shoulder; the portion situated below the shoulder mark is strong axial ribs cut by fine spiral grooves.

Sculpture: the axial ribs the first rounds go to fifth rounds.

The shoulder is always shrouded. The tops of the towers is decorated with four spiral grooves well marked, cut by fine growth lines. Narrow suture canaliculated. Above slightly concave towers.

Last whorl: shoulder fairlyregular. Profile slightly convex. Sculpture: completely covered by numerous spiral grooves well marked, stronger at the base.

Aperture: narrow, incentives edges.

Coloration: two series of spiral brown spots and  series of whitish blotches.

Periostracum: yellowish brown, opaque

Discussion: Most often on the marked as Conus villepinii.

 

----------

 

Conus  caracteristicus  G. Fischer, 1807

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Chemnitz (1788: 54,  pl. 182,  figs. 1760, 1761)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Mus. Demidoff iii, p. 139
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None; not mentioned, designated (C, M & W) Java Sea, (Indonesia)
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Chemnitz (1788: 54,  pl. 182 figs. 1760, 1761)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-caracteristicus
Synonyms:- muscosus Lamarck, 1810; characteristicus Dillwyn, 1817; masoni Nevill & Nevill, 1874; brevis Smith, 1877
Geographic Range:-Bay of Bengal to Philippines and to Japan
Habitat:-Subtidal, to 30 m; on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical to broadly conical; outline convex below shoulder, straight towards base. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height; early whorls projecting from an otherwise flat spire. First 5-6 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2 deep spiral grooves increasing to 3-4 major grooves and several spiral striae. Last whorl with weak or strong, alternating fine and coarse spiral ribs near base.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with often wavy, brown to reddish brown axial dashes, lines and blotches, with small triangular flecks, and near base with spirally aligned spots. Pattern elements clustered in 3 spiral zones, below shoulder and on both sides of centre; adapical zones accentuated by an underlaying salmon or brown band. Teleoconch sutural ramps crossed by brown blotches. Aperture yellow.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-88 mm
RW 0.40-1.30 g/mm
RD 0.65-0.76
PMD 0.85-0.92
RSH 0.04-0.18
Discussion:-C. caracteristicus resembles C. zeylanicus, which co- occurs in the E. Indian Ocean. However, it differs from the latter in its coarser colour pattern without pink or violet tones, strictly conical last whorl, and more pronounced spiral sculpture of the sutural ramps.

 

----------

 

Conus  carcellesi Martins, 1945

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNRJ MNRJ

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Notas Mus. La Plata Zool.. X,  no. 88,  p. 260., pl. f. A-G2
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina.
Type Data: Holotype in MNRJ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus lemniscatus Reeve, 1849
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-lemniscatus carcellesi subsp.
Synonyms:- iheringi Frenguelli, 1946
Geographic Range:-Urugauy, Argentina
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-70 m.
Description:-Source Vink
C. lemniscatus closely resembles C. clerii, but in general is somewhat smaller, length up to 50 mm. Typical specimens are more slender with a more straight-sided spire. The body whorl is straight to convex with spiral ridges near the base, which in some spcimens may cover the body whorl. Shoulder roundly angulate, early spire whorls convex, later spire whorls flat to slightly concave and not stepped in typical C. lemniscatus. Nucleus: 1.5 whorls. The first 2 postnuclear whorls, normally smooth, may show irregular coronation (but not the regular axial sculpture of C. clerii). The colour pattern is like that of C. clerii; in most specimens of typical C. lemniscatus the axial flames are lighter coloured and cover larger areas so that the spiral lines of dark squares become prominent. However, there are specimens of c. clerii with the same colour pattern, and the only way to distinguish the two species without any doubt is by comparing the early spire whorls
The colour pattern of the subspecies is similar to that of C. lemniscatus, but the pattern of axial flames is predominant.
Discussion:-Da Motta (1981) considered C. carcellesi a full species, and drew attention to a number of morphological differences: the shell is smaller, 30 to 45 mm, and wider, with a more convex body whorl and a relatively higher spire, which is rather straight and often stepped. These differences can be found in main population.
Tucker comments:- samples that I examined are that the spire of L. l. lemniscatus is not as elevated as the spire of L. l. carcellesi. Without belaboring the details, I found that these differences are statistically significant in the sample I have at hand. Consequently, I agree with Vink in recognizing L. l. carcellesi as a subspecies of  L. lemniscatus.

 

----------

 

Conus  cardinalis  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Martini (1773: pl. 61, fig. 680)
Picture Link: Possible Holotype MNHG Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 632
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Designated Martinique.
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini (1773: pl. 61, fig. 680)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-cardinalis
Synonyms:- flavescens Kiener, 1845; dianthus Sowerby iii, 1882; according to Filmer:  harasewychi Petuch, 1987; jacarusoi Petuch, 1998; ortneri Petuch, 1998; rosalindensis Petuch, 1998; donnae Petuch, 1998; theodorei Petuch, 2000; lucaya Petuch, 2000
Geographic Range:-Florida, USA; Costa Rica; Dominican Republic; Panama; Turks and Caicos; Jamaica
Habitat:-Shallow reefs around 20 m
Description:-Source Walls
Moderate weight,thick, with good gloss in fresh specimens; pyriform or low conical, shoulder wide tapering strongly to base; broad spiral ridges basally sometimes granulose and extending posteriorly; spire low, sides straight, sometimes weakly stepped; spire whorls with large low indistinct coronations; body whorl red pink or pale red brown, occasionly olive/ dark brown;Narrow white spiral bands at base, midbody, shoulder, usually comprising white blotches containing brown spots and streaks; occasionly larger brown spots and axial flammules; spire with alternating blotches of white and red brown suffused pink; aperture moderate uniform; outer lip convex, fragile; mouth fades violet to pinkish rose; columella not visible;
The type specimen (27 x 16 mm) is reddish-salmon with a white mid-body band and a rather low white spire. The shoulder is coronated with 14 rather large nodules. There are widely spaced, somewhat pustulous, weak spiral ridges on the body whorl. Small reddish dots are present on some ridges, a few white patches exist on the upper half of the body whorl.

Discussion: I prefer to see the Petuch species as valid. See there.

----------

 

Conus  cardonensis  Vink,  1990

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Enc. Méth. 1,  p. 702, no. 92, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 331, figs 2 & 8)

Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean

Type Locality: Punta Cardon, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela

Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued

Type Size: 20.9 x 11.9 mm

Nomenclature: An available name

Taxonomy: A subspecies

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-puncticulatus cardonensis subspecies

Synonyms:-

Geographic Range:-Venezuela and Colombia

Habitat:-Mud, 0 – 10 mtrs

Description:-

Discussion:-No Data

 

----------

 

Conus cargilei  Coltro,  2004

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Strombus 11,  p. 5
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: 75 km NNE Abrolhos Arch., off Alcobaca, Bahia State, Brazil (15deg 57 S, 38deg 01 W)
Type Data: Holotype in MZUSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus  archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus cargilei forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brasil
Habitat:-Lives on rubble and coral sand bottom at 20-35 meters on offshore reefs on southern Bahia State, Brazil
Description:-Source: Original description
Description: Length: 16 to 25 mm, concave-sided moderately elevated spire (1/6 of length). Shoulder of the body whorl smooth with a sharp angle. Body whorl elongated, straight to slightly convex with 8-9 incised lines on the base on adult specimens. Juvenile specimens have entire body covered by incised lines. Apex pink or pink-orange, nucleus 2 to 2.5 whorls, smooth. Spire with 5 up 7 whorls, with two or three (light) weak spiral ridges, white and brown dots. Color body extremely variable, from completely black, to dark brown with lines, grey and green, red- brown, etc. The black or black and white specimens are colorful when juveniles. Deep purple aperture with shell color margin.
Discussion:-The most variable shell from the Abrolhos Archipelago, it is probably related to the Conus archetypus Crosse complex of species. As most of the other related species, has an ornamented top and an extremely variation of patterns and colors. The new species could be confused with the very similar C. beddomei and C. brasilensis, but C. cargilei is more elongated and has straighter sides than C. beddomei and C. brasiliensis, or even any other species from the complex. The shape and proportions of the shell are very characteristic, and there are not found intermediates between C. cargilei and any other species that belong to the same complex.

 

----------

 

Conus  caribbaeus  Clench, 1942

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MCZ Mike Filmer

Published in: Johnsonia 1,  p. 23,  pl. 11, f. 4 & 5
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Palm Beach Co., Florida
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus flavescens Sowerby ii, 1834
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-flavescens caribbaeus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Florida, Bahamas
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Vink
A slender shell, rarely exceeding 25 mm. in length, although specimens of more than 30 mm. exist. Sides of the body whorl slightly convex with a rather broad base, spire moderate and rather straight-sided with mamillate protoconch. Shoulder angulate, body whorl smooth except for 10 to 12 incised lines near the base. Tops of whorls without distinct spiral threads. Nucleus: 2 whorls; early whorls with rough sutures that sometimes may appear nodulous. Operculum longish and small, about 1/6 of aperture height, periostracum thin and yellowish. Colour pattern rather variable with most patterns found in any population. Specimens from the Bahamas are lighter in colour. Typical C. flavescens is pale brownish yellow or reddish brown with irregular white spots mostly around mid-body and around the base of the spire, but sometimes also covering the whole body whorl. The spots are irregular, and in the words of Reeve have 'the appearance of spaces casually left in the deposit of the pale yellow colour'. The white spots around mid-body may also form a complete band and some shells are completely uniform white, yellowish or pinkish. There are also specimens with spiral rows of dark brown dashes on a background which can be uniform white or white with axial brown maculations.
C. caribbaeus is considered an albino colour form.

Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  carinatus  Swainson, 1822

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Zool. Ill,  ii,  pl. 112
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Swainson (1822,  Pl. 112)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus carinatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. magus
C. carinatus: Last whorl conical, conoid-cylindrical or ventricosely conical. Ground colour white to tan. Colour pattern comparatively uniform, consisting of spiral bands and lines and axial streaks in various shades of brown. Known from Philippines (Sulu Sea, S.Luzon).
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus carioca  Petuch, 1986

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in INHS

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Xcix,  no. 1,  p. 9, f. 1 & 2
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; trawled in 100 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MORG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-sanderi carioca forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brazil
Habitat:-Found at depths of 150 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell elongate, straight- sided, smooth and shiny, shoulder sharp-edged, carinated; spire flattened but slightly protracted in early whorls; color white with revolving bands of bright orange and orange-pink; orange bands overlaid with rows of pale brown dots and dashes; mid-body with white band; central white band bordered on both sides by bands of dark brown flammules; spire pale orange with crescent-shaped brown flammules; interior of aperture pale salmon; periostracum thin, smooth, translucent brown; operculum small, oval in shape.
Note: Petuch did not compare C. carioca with C. sanderi from Barbados but it appears to be the larger Brazilian form with a distinctive bright orange pattern.
Discussion:-

 

----------

Conus carmeli  Tenison-Woods, 1877

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in TMH Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Pap. Pr. Rept. Roy. Soc. Tasmania for 1876,  p. 134
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tasmania
Type Data: Holotype in TMH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone carmeli forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bass Strait Tasmania to Ceduna ( S. Australia).
Habitat:-
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. anemone
Specimens described as C. carmeli have biconic shells (RD 0.57-0.75) with a spire of moderate height to high. They differ from other forms of C. anemone in spire height (mean 0.28 vs. 0.14), larger number of tuberculate postnuclear whorls (6-8), and yellowish brown aperture.

 

----------

 

Conus carnalis  Sowerby iii, 1879

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,  p. 796,  pl. 48,  f. 2
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Santa Maria Bay, Angola
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 48 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Pseudonoduloconus Species:-carnalis
Synonyms:- amethystinus Trovão, 1975
Geographic Range:-Angola, Limagens to Lucira Bay
Habitat:-From 2 to 15 m, under rocks, often attached to the rocks
Description:-Source Rolán & Röckel 2000
Shell description: Moderately small to medium sized, moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical third, and straight below. Left side slightly concave basally. Aperture narrow to moderate. Shoulder rounded. Spire of moderate height, outline convex. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave and smooth, sometimes with 2 weak spiral grooves. Periostracum dark brown, thick and opaque.
Ground colour white or light purple, last whorl and spire violet, orange or yellow, leaving a light central band. Aperture light and or translucent.
Shell morphometry:
L 35-63 mm
RD 0.62-0.65
RSH 0.10-0.16
PMD 0.74-0.80
RW 0.20 g/mm.
Discussion:-

 

----------

 

Conus castaneofasciatus  Dautzenberg,  1937

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Rep. Figure Kiener Coq Viv pl.84 f.2. (CMW)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul kersten

 

Published in: Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. ii, fasc. 18,  p. 15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype was in MHNG and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 80 x 40.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus amadis Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-amadis castaneofasciatus subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Reported from intertidal mudflats to about 18 m, in sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae    C. amadis
Discussion:-forma castaneofasciatus applies to shells from the Andaman Sea that are brown except for 1-2 lighter, reticulated spiral bands, at centre and sometimes below shoulder. The latter shells differ from those from India and Sri Lanka by their smaller.

 

----------

 

Conus  castaneus  Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 209, pl. 104,  f. 3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 45 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus cingulatus Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name castaneus

 

----------

 

Conus  catus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Living Animal: David Massemin  Tahiti

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 707
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Santo Domingo Isle, Martinique, (erroneous) and Ile de France, (Mauritius), restricted (Kohn) to Mauritius.
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-catus
Synonyms:- nubilus Röding, 1798; discrepans Sowerby ii, 1833; purus Pease, 1863; reflectus Sowerby iii, 1877; granulosa Barros E. Cunha, 1933; rubrapapillosa Dautzenberg, 1937; fuscoolivaceus Dautzenberg, 1937
Geographic Range:-Entire Indo-Pacific
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 20 m; in protected and exposed sites on benches, rocky shores and subtidal coral reef flats, occupying crevices, pockets or patches of sand with or without vegetation, bare limestone, algal turf and coral rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid to solid; relative weight of similarly sized specimens may vary by 40%. Last whorl usually ventricosely conical to broadly and ventricosely conical; outline variably convex adapically and mostly straight below; left side occasionally sigmoid. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter 0.6-0.7 mm. First 2-3 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1 increasing to 4-8 spiral grooves; latest ramps with additional subsutural spiral striae. Last whorl variable in spiral sculpture. Shells with well separated, weak spiral ribs on basal third vary continuously with shells having strong, variably broad ribs or ribbons, usually minutely to strongly granulose and often with 1-2 fine smooth ribs in between, from base to shoulder. Form nigropunctatus with a slightly less solid shell. Last whorl entricosely conical or conoidcylindrical. Spire outline either straight or slightly convex. First 3-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Late sutural ramps with 5-6 spiral grooves. Last whorl consistently with a few well separate spiral ribs near base.
Ground colour white to bluish grey. Pattern of last whorl variable in colour, arrangement and extent. Colour ranges from yellowish brown to olive-brown, blackish brown and orange or red. Shells with sparse small flecks on each side of centre intergrade with solidly dark shells except for a narrow spiral ground-colour band at centre. Surface pattern emphasized by bluish grey or brownish violet background clouds. Spiral rows of brown dots and dashes extend from base to shoulder, either containing intermittent white markings or fusing into solid dark lines. Rows variably spaced and ranging from complete absence to dominant pattern element. Larval whorls usually red, less frequently white to brown. Teleoconch sutural ramps with radial streaks or confluent blotches that match pattern elements of last whorl in colour. Aperture white or cream.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-52 mm
RW 0.15-0.50 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.78
PMD 0.78-0.87
RSH 0.10-0.19
Discussion:-C. catus is allied to C. achatinus, C. monachus and C. striolatus. C. achatinus attains larger size, has a less solid shell and more tuberculate postnuclear whorls. It has usually a narrower last whorl (RD 0.54-0.69) and its periostracum has tufted spiral ridges and fringed shoulders. C. striolatus tends to have a more ovate last whorl (PMD 0.7 1-0.80) than C. catus and lacks tuberculate early postnuclear whorls. Both C. achatinus and C. striolatus can also be distinguished from C. catus by their animals having a large saddle-shaped black blotch on the anterior dorsum of the foot. C. monachus has a less solid shell, attains larger size but has a relatively narrower last whorl, and usually has a more angulate shoulder as well as weaker spiral sculpture on the late sutural ramps. Moreover, it is set apart by its nebulose pattern and its darker larval shell.

 

 

Conus catus f.  fuscoolivaceus  Dautzenberg, 1937

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer

Published in: Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. Ii, fasc. 18,  p. 62,  pl. I,  f. 8
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tjilaoet Eureun, W. Java
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30.4 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus catus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-catus fuscoolivaceus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia
Habitat:-Intertidal reefs
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. catus
C. fuscoolivaceus is mainly dark brown with black spiral lines and scattered patches of white; spire is rounded and quite high.
Discussion:-No Data

 

 

Conus catus f.  rubrapapillosa  Dautzenberg, 1937

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer

Published in: Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. Ii,  fasc. 18,  p. 62,  pl. I,  f. 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tjilaoet Eureun, W. Java
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of  Conus catus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-catus rubrapapillosa forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia
Habitat:-Intertidal reefs
Description:-Source Living Conidae     C. catus
A type specimen which is all a medium brown.Figure shows pinkish brown specimen slightly mottled.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus caysalensis  Raybaudi  L.  &  Prati,  1994

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Figure Original Description

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: World Shells viii,  p. 9,  figs.
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas.
Type Data: Holotype was in IMT and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 18 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym colour form of Conus explorator Vink, 1990
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-explorator caysalensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 10-20 m
Description:-Source Original Description
A small fragile shell of adult size 16-22 mm. Slightly simoid shape; straight near shoulders, becoming convex and then concave near base. Unpronounced spire with considerable number of nodules on whorl tops and projecting on shoulder. Suture evident with convex top to whorls. Small protruding protoconch pink to light red in colour. Body whorl crossed by 13-14 thin finely granulose spiral ridges. Bright red ground colour with irregular white flammules on spire and heavier pattern on whorl often coalescing to form axial white zigzags.
Discussion:-Most similar to C.  richardbinghami. C. caysalensis is lighter, smaller with taller spire and coronate shoulder; it also has granulose riblets on body whorl.

----------

 

Conus  cebuensis  Wils,  1990

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Gloria Maris 29 (2),  p. 25, figs 4 - 6

Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: Punta Engano, Mactan Is, Cebu, Philippines

Type Data: Syntype in IRSN deposited and catalogued

Type Size: 37.1 x 19.2 mm

Nomenclature: An available name

Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus proximus, according to Filmer a form

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Textilia Species:-proximus cebuensis

Synonyms:-

Geographic Range:-Philippines

Habitat:- Shallow to deeper water, 2 - 40 m

Description:- Gloria Maris: Shell solid, slightly glossy of medium size, average 35-40 mm. Spire medium to low, nearly straight and a little concave near the apex, which is acute. The 9 whorls have two spiral cords and are weakly coronated. Sides of the bodywhorl are convex just below the shoulder, the middle part is straight and slightly compressed above the base. Bodywhorl ornamented with numerous elevated spiral cords, smooth intersticed. The surface is cream to light pinkish in fresh specimens. Spiral cords interrupted brown to blackish brown, some irregular white spots. Inside aperture is blue-white.

Discussion:- Less slender than the nominate, more stout and convex beneath the shoulder; spire weakly coronated instead of strong pronounced. Less spiral cords.

 

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Conus cebuganus  da Motta & Martin, 1982

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: Carf. Phil. Shell News 4 (3),  p. 1,  fig. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Visayan Sea between Malapascua Is. & Bantayan Is., Philippines; 20-40 fathoms.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 14.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym, juvenile of Conus australis Holten, 1802
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-australis cebuganus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-40 m
Description:-
Discussion:-
C. cebuganus is considered the juvenile form of C. australis.

 

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Conus ceciliae  Crosse, 1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: J. Conchyl. 7,  p. 381,  pl. xiv,  f. 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus capitaneus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-capitaneus ceciliae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific
Habitat:-Intertidal and entire subtidal; in Philippines to about 240 m; most common on slightly subtidal reef flats and stretches of sand passing into reef flats, occurring on sand under coral rocks, on coral rock with coralline algal encrustation or in holes and crevices.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. ceciliae is based on a subadult specimen of C. capitaneus with spiral rows of deep punctations on the last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  cedonulli   Linnaeus,  1767

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Seba (1758,  pl. 48, fig. 8)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Systema Naturae 12th ed., 1, pt. 2 p. 1167
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: South American Ocean, restricted (Vink & von Cosel) to St. Vincent, (Windward Islands).
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Seba (1758,  pl. 48, fig. 8)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-cedonulli
Synonyms:- insularis Gmelin, 1791; caledonicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; dominicanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; grenadensis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; amiralis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; martinicanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; cedonulli Perry, 1811; sanguineus Kiener, 1845; holemani Nowell-Usticke, 1968
Geographic Range:-St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea
Habitat:-Found on black volcanic sand or coral sand floors with some vegetation at depths of 2 to 50 m
Description:-Source Vink
A moderately heavy shell, 30 to 60 mm., with moderately elevated spire, concave-sided in adult specimens. Body whorl straight to slightly convex with greatest width just somewhat below the shoulder. Surface with beaded spiral threads, mainly near the base, larger part of shell smooth (in some specimens the shades of the markings make it seem granulated). Shoulder of body whorl smooth, spire whorls canaliculate. Nucleus: 1 1/2 whorls, first post nuclear whorls coronated. Animal bright red, operculum small and elliptical, about 1/8 of aperture height (operculum shown by Walls (1979:200) is not from C. cedonulli). Radula tooth described and pictured by Vink & Cosel (1985: pl.11, fig. 1 a-t). Periostracum thin, yellowish. C. cedonulli lack a free swimming veliger phase and hatch at least in the late pediveliger (veliconcha) stage (Vink & Cosel, 1985:563). This has resulted in populations with differentiated pattern in adjacent geographic areas which must be recognized as subspecies: C. cedonulli insularis and C. cedonulli dominicanus, besides typical C.cedonulli.
C. cedonulli, together with C. mappa, C. aurantius, C. curassaviensis, C. archon, C. pseudaurantius, fossil C. consobrinus and possibly C. scopulorum belong to the Conus cedonulli complex, a species complex with mostly allopatric members at various stages of speciation presumable originating from a common ancestor.
Typical C. cedonulli has a background colour that can vary from orange brown, mahogany brown or reddish brown like burgundy wine to more olive-green or to black (when faded these shells turn bright yellow orange, black specimens become reddish brown). On this background there are numerous irregular purplish white patches mainly at and below midbody. In addition 26 to 30 spiral lines of white and brown dots in the whitish area and of purplish white circles in the dark areas. The purplish white circles are outlined with dark brown and interconnected by spiral threads of dark brown, some on the upper half are larger at regular intervals, forming small patches comparable to those on the mid-region and below. The purplish white areas may also coalesce into irregular spiral bands or form zigzag shaped markings. In very few specimens whitish markings are totally absent.
Discussion:-C. cedonulli could be confused with C. mappa ( which usually has a higher, more stepped and often less concave spire, and an internal restriction on the columella within the aperture), C. curassaviensis (which is smaller with more convex sides of the body whorl and a relatively higher, slightly concave spire) and C. pseudaurantius (which like C. aurantius has a knobbed shoulder of the body whorl and a more slender outline).
Vink & Cosel (1985, p. 558) provided a key to 3 different forms.
Shell 40-60 mm high, broad, moderately heavy, mahogany brown to black, with irregular purplish white patches, zigzag markings or spiral bands, rarely uniform
dark, light colored areas small in relation to whole shell surface. Subrecent specimens lighter colored...C. cedonulli cedonulli.
Shell 40-60 mm high, broad, light to moderately heavy, yellowish white or pinkish rosy, with mostly isolated orange, brown or dark brown patches, the lighter orange ones always with darker outline. Light colored areas large in relation to whole shell surface...C. cedonulli
insularis.
Shell 40-60 mm high, broad, heavy to very heavy, bluish white with numerous small orange to brown patches, axial flames or zigzag markings, often coalescing spirally and arranged in 2 or 3 spiral bands. Patches usually not with darker outlines... C. cedonulli dominicanus.

 

 

Conus  cedonulli f. caledonicus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 634
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles; the Pacific coasts of New Caledonia, (erroneous), corrected (C, M & W) St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles, (Windward Islands).
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 55 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus cedonulli Linnaeus, 1767
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-cedonulli caledonicus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Lesser Antilles; Windward Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:
Discussion:-No Data

 

 

Conus  cedonulli dominicanus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in ZMUC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 603
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Dominica, Lesser Antilles; coasts of the Island of Dominica, (Leeward Islands), (erroneous), corrected (Vink & von Cosel) to Mustique, Grenadines, Lesser Antilles.
Type Data: Lectotype in ZMUC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42.4 x 21.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus cedonulli Linnaeus, 1767
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-cedonulli dominicanus subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Known from Grenada and the islands of the Grenadines
Habitat:-Occurring on sand or coral floors partly with sea grass at depth of 2 to 20 m
Description:-Source Vink  C. cedonulli
C. cedonulli dominicanus is bluish white to grey with numerous small dark brown or orange- brown to reddish brown patches or axial flames, mainly arranged in a broad band on the upper part of the body whorl and a narrow band .near the base. Sometimes the lower part of the broad band on the upper part of the body whorl is partly or completely separated from the rest, forming a narrow third band of small patches. Body whorl covered with slightly granulated close- set spiral lines of brown and white dots in the dark areas and of brown dots in the white areas. The brownish and white areas and dots are not outlines by dark brown.
Discussion:-No Data

 

 

Conus cedonulli f.  holemani  Nowell-Usticke, 1968

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in AMNH Mike Filmer

Published in: Caribbean Cones from St. Croix and Lesser Antilles p. 21,  pl. III,  f. 1011
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: St. Vincent, West Indies
Type Data: Lectotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 64 x 34.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus cedonulli Linnaeus, 1767
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name holemani

 

 

Conus  cedonulli insularis  Gmelin, 1791

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Martini (1773,  pl. 62, fig. 683)

 

Published in: Syst. Nat. 13th ed. Vol. 1,  pt,  p. 3389
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: St. Lucia, Lesser Antilles
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini (1773,  pl. 62, fig. 683)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus cedonulli Linnaeus, 1767
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-cedonulli insularis subsp.
Synonyms:- geographicus Röding, 1798
Geographic Range:-known from St. Lucia and from off Barbados
Habitat:-Occurring on sand and rubble floors at depths of 20 to 160 m.
Description:-Source Vink   C. cedonulli.
C. cedonulli insularis differs from typical C. cedonulli in having the mahogany brown or black background more or less broken into isolated irregular brown to yellow brown or black patches arranged in two spiral rows on a whitish, yellowish or pinkish background, the patches in the lower row sometimes coalescing into a spiral band. In subrecent shells the patches are pale yellow with darker outline or reddish brown without outline; these latter patches have been black in fresh specimens. Specimens from Barbados have slightly larger orange brown patches and are more slender.
Discussion:-Tucker comments: Vink in the West Atlantic series gave no means to distinguish Tenorioconus cedonulli insularis from S. c. dominicanus. The brownish and white areas in S. c. dominicanus are not outlined by dark brown. They are outlined by darker color in both S. c. cedonulli and S. c. insularis (Vink and Cosel, 1985)

 

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Conus  centurio  Born, 1778

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMW Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Ind. Rer. Nat. Mus. Caes. Vind.,  p. 133
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: not known, designated (Clench) Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo, (Dominican Republic).
Type Data: Holotype in NHMW deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35.5 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Kohniconus Species:-centurio
Synonyms:- bifasciatus Gmelin, 1791; tribunus Gmelin, 1791; woolseyi Smith M, 1946; caribaensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968; cruzensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968
Geographic Range:-Colombia - E Brazil; Jamaica, Barbados
Habitat:-Moderate depths 25-50 m.
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy with a high gloss; low biconical, the sides straight, tapering to narrow base;

basal ridging; shoulder broad, carinate,concave above; spire low/moderate, sides straight/convex; whorls concave,margins carinate; body whorl white covered with wide zigzag flammules of yellow tan to deep chestnut,widely spaced; flammules tend to merge into three spiral bands of large blotches; flammules often broken leaving rows dashes anteriorly; base white to yellow tan; spire white with brown lines and blotches; aperture wide, uniform; mouth white; columella very narrow mostly internal. Spire varies from low to high and stepped;
Discussion:-Similar to C.  delesserti which is narrower,the first 4-5 nodules nodulose seperated by brown dots;color patten more broken;three bands of bright salmon replacing brown bands.
Nowell Usticke defined two forms from Barbados in 1968 (invalid) and later tried to move them invalidly to subspecies status (cruziensis and caribaensis).
C. c. cruziensis differs in having a lower spire and pattern where yellow banding is very weak or missing and markings are zigzag crossing white space between bands.Colour is dull brownish orange with markings of same.
C.c. caribaensis is smaller and narrower specimen with moderate spire; the colour is brownish orange with pale brown zigzags on 3 weak yellow bands.

 

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Conus  cepasi  Trovao, 1975

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Bol. Cent. Port. Activ. Subaq. iv.,  ser. 1, p. 3, f. 1 a-f
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Angola (14deg 27' S. 12deg 20' E)
Type Data: Holotype in CPAS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46.6 x 26.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-cepasi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Under rocks buried in sand at very low tide, sometimes in depths of about 1 m
Description:-Source Röckel, 2000
Moderately small to medium sized, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical to ovate; outline convex at adapical half to third, straight below. Left side concave near base. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder rounded. Spire of moderate height, outline convex to sigmoid. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to convex, with fine spiral striae. Last whorl smooth and dull, with a few weak spiral grooves near base.
Ground colour white or cream or light orange, with numerous orange-brown axial hairlines, occasionally with light brown spiral bands near shoulder and both sides of centre. Aperture white.
Shell morphometry:
L 26-40 mm
RD 0.64-0.70
RSH 0.11-0.17
PMD 0.68-0.77
RW 0.28-0.31 g/mm
Discussion:-
C. naranjus is similar but is smaller with orange ground colour sometimes with dotted spiral lines.

 

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Conus cerinus  Reeve, 1848

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus, Suppl. pl. iii, sp. 283
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mindanao, Philippines.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus  boeticus Reeve, 1844
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-boeticus cerinus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Not Known.
Description:-Source Visaya, Filmer
C. cerinus Reeve, 1848 is an ovate, convex sided and rather solid shell with a rounded and vaguely undulate shoulder. The body whorl has irregular spiral cords, which are more pronounced at the base. The shell is ivory-white to cream with brown blotches axially aligned and forming two broken brown bands at either side of the center these blotches may cross the space between the bands. There are some sparse, fine brown spots forming broken spiral lines. The aperture is rather broad at the base, narrower at the shoulder and curved. The anal notch is shallow and the lip is thick. The columella is white and the interior is pinkish-white.
Discussion:-Not many specimens of C. cerinus are known. From those that are known the shell of C. cerinus differs from the shell of C. boeticus only by its more convex sides and higher spire.

 

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Conus cernicus  H. Adams, 1869

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Figure Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.  Pl 19, f.1

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1869 272,  pl. xix, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Barkly Is., Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Barclay and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 25 x 12 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus balteatus Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-balteatus cernicus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mascarenes, Somalia
Habitat:-Reported in 20-30 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae     C. balteatus
C.  cernicus has more rounded shoulder, lower coronations and spire usually blotched heavily with dark brown, and speckled with white.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  cernohorskyi  da Motta,  1983

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 2,  p. 2, figs. 10 & 13
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Borogon, Samar Oriental, Philippines.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46.4 x 26.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus cernohorskyi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae    C. magus

C. cernohorskyi: moderately small to medium- sized, moderately solid. Last whorl usually ventricosely conical; surface comparatively rough. Larval whorls consistently pink. The type specimen is probably sub adult; white with axial flammules of dark brown.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  ceruttii  Cargile, 1997

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Original Description

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: La Conchiglia 29,  p. 48,  figs.
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Isla Grande de Maiz, Nicaragua; 10-25 m
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-ceruttii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Nicaragua, Honduras
Habitat:-Found at depths of 10-25 meters
Description:-Source Original description
Last whorl is conical with a slightly convex outline, more so above mid-body. The shoulder is angulate or sharply angulate, with no sculpture. The spire is moderate in height, concave in outline, and has a slightly stepped appearance. The last whorl  is smooth and glossy above, except for the fine axial threads; the basal third has numerous unevenly spaced, axially striate grooves.
The color of the body whorl of juvenile shells  is generally pale pink, violet, orange, or yellow, with a discontinuous band of white axial streaks or blotches at the mid-body, base, and shoulder, the latter continuous with flammules on the spire. With maturity the color trends to bright reddish orange, and white markings become well defined, axially elongate zigzag and serpentine shapes. Spire whorls have flammules or blotches of white spirally alternating with the color of the body whorl. The apex is white on Nicaraguan specimens, but pale brown on specimens from Cay Gorda. The aperture is white to pale violet inside, and translucent near the lip.

Discussion:-

 

----------

 

Conus  cervus  Lamarck, 1822

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. vii,  p. 510
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moluccas
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 94 x 44 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-cervus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines, Moluccas and New Caledonia; probably Marshall Is.
Habitat:-Offshore in 180-400 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Large and solid. Last whorl ovate to narrowly ovate; outline straight at adapical fourth, then convex, straight to slightly concave toward base. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate. Spire low, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Larval shell projecting, of about 3.5 whorls; maximum diameter 1- 1.1 mm. About first 3 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, slightly concave in late whorls, with 0-1 increasing to 6-10 spiral grooves. Last whorl with a few very weak spiral ribs at base or completely smooth.
Last whorl clouded with light brown except for numerous white dots, triangles and flecks; brown pattern fused into 3 darker spiral bands, below shoulder, above centre and within abapical third. Widely spaced spiral rows of irregularly alternating white and darker brown markings extend from base to shoulder. Siphonal fasciole white or suffused with pale brown. Larval whorls and 1.5-2.5 teleoconch sutural ramps light red. Following ramps light brown, radially mottled with white. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 90-116 mm
RW 0.30-0.80 g/mm
(L 90-113 mm)
RD 0.49-0.53
PMD 0.68-0.74
RSH 0.04-0.10
Discussion:-

 

----------

 

Conus  ceylanensis  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Neotype in Naturalis, Leiden  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 636
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: locality coasts of Ceylon Island, (Sri Lanka), neotype locality, Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka
Type Data: Neotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus musicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-musicus ceylanensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sri Lanka, Thailand
Habitat:-In 1-18 m, living on rock benches, subtidal reef flats, the reef rim and on lagoon pinnacles. Mostly found on sand-binding algal mats, limestone pavement, dead coral rocks or heads and in crevices of rocks or coral reefs. Somewhat more common in subtidal habitats.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C musicus
Small, light to moderately light. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical to broadly ventricosely conical; outline faintly to distinctly convex at adapical half and usually straight below. Aperture may have a transverse ridge at centre. Shoulder angulate to occasionally rounded, weakly to distinctly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, in later whorls with 2 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves. Last whorl with weak to distinct, granulose spiral ribs at base; sometimes extending to centre or even to shoulder.
Ground colour white to pale grey. Last whorl with a grey, orange or reddish brown spiral band on each side of centre; bands occasionally obsolete or fusing into a single basal colour zone. Spiral rows of brown dots and dashes extend from base to shoulder, varying in number and arrangement. Dark dots may alternate with white dashes or dots. Base and basal part of columella dark bluish violet. Later sutural ramps crossed by brown markings between shoulder tubercles. Aperture pale violet to dark bluish violet, usually with a ground-colour band at centre and below shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 14-30 mm
RW 0.03-0.11 g/mm
RD 0.59-0.77
PMD 0.78-0.93
RSH 0.02-0.15
Form ceylanensis characterized by variously coalescing brown to reddish brown axial blotches or wavy flames on central area of last whorl, occasionally interrupted by a narrow ground-colour band in the middle; spiral rows of brown dots or dashes restricted to adapical and abapical parts of last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data

 

----------

 

Conus  chaldaeus  Röding,  1798

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Knorr (1768,  Pl. 4 fig. 2)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Museum Boltenianum 2: I-VIII,  p. 42
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None,  designated (C, M & W) the Moluccas, Indonesia
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Knorr (1768,  Pl. 4 fig. 2)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virroconus Species:-chaldaeus
Synonyms:- vermiculatus Lamarck, 1810; pemphigus Dall, 1910; kahiko Kohn, 1980
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific except for the Red Sea and Easter Id.; also W. coast of Central America.
Habitat:-On intertidal benches, less frequently on slightly subtidal reef platforms; often close to the seaward edge of its habitat. C. chaldaeus lives on sand, beachrock, and truncated reef limestone with or without a thin layer of sand or algal turf, in coral rubble with or without sand and on dead coral heads or rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl usually broadly ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically and straight below. Shoulder angulate to subangulate, strongly to weakly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to convex. Larval shell multispiral. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with 3 increasing to 6-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with often strong, granulose spiral ribs basally, sometimes to shoulder.
Ground colour of last whorl white, suffused with pink mainly in juvenile specimens. Pattern of black axial streaks or flammules usually leaves 2 narrow white bands, at shoulder and near centre. Larval whorls white; apex often suffused with pink. Later sutural ramps white, variously blotched with black. Aperture bluish white behind a brownish black margin.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-59 mm
RW 0.20-0.40 g/mm
(L 25-40 mm)
RD 0.71-0.87
PMD 0.75-0.87
RSH 0.07-0.20
Discussion:-Only C. ebraeus closely resembles C. chaldaeus. They overlap broadly in shell morphometry, but C. ebraeus differs distinctly in colour pattern with usually 3-4 spiral rows of black markings on the last whorl and in fewer and weaker spiral grooves on its late sutural ramps. The granulose spiral ribs of the last whorl are stronger and extend over more of the shell in C. chaldaeus. The animals of both species may be very similar (Hawaii) or clearly separable (N. Papua New Guinea). They often occur sympatrically and may share the same habitat, sometimes even the same microhabitat. C. chaldaeus typically is less abundant and occurs closer to the seaward margin of its habitat.

 

----------

 

Conus  chenui  Crosse, 1857

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

 

Published in: J. Conchyl. 6 p. 381,  pl. xi,  f. 3-4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Syntype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49.1 x 26.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus ferrugineus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-ferrugineus chenui forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia, Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on sand, often under coral or on sand with algae.
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C. ferrugineus
C. f. chenui spiral rows of dark brown axial markings New Caledonia/Philippines
Discussion:-No Data

 

----------

 

Conus  chiangi  Azuma,  1972

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in BRIT Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Venus 31,  p. 56, text f. 5 &  6.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: South China Sea; ca. 200 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in BRIT deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 17.8 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Taranteconus Species:-chiangi
Synonyms:- lamellatus Suzuki, 1972
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines, New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 200-400 m, on dead coral and rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small, light to moderately light. Last whorl usually conical; outline almost straight, slightly convex below shoulder. Shoulder and late postnuclear whorls with sharp, upward- pointing, hollow marginal spines, extending slightly below shoulder as costae. Spire of moderate height to high; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of about 3 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. Early postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 1 increasing to 3-6 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture sometimes obsolete. Last whorl with spiral ribs separated by wider grooves, from base to shoulder; sometimes with collabral costae extending entire length of last whorl, especially toward outer lip.
Ground colour white to grey or beige. Last whorl with broad brownish grey and brown spiral bands leaving a broad, lighter central band. Overlying spiral rows of alternating brown and white dots and dashes on ribs from base to shoulder. Larval whorls white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with fine radial brown lines or blotches extending across outer margins. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 16-25 mm
RW 0.05-0.09 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.71
PMD 0.86-0.95
RSH 0.15-0.26
Discussion:-

 

----------

 

Conus  chiapponorum  Lorenz,  F.,  2004

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Image MNHN

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Visaya 1(2), p. 20
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ft Dauphin to Lavanono, Madagascar.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-chiapponorum
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Southern Madagascar
Habitat:-Probably upper sublitoral zone.
Description:-Source Original description.
The holotype is a fresh specimen with a slightly eroded apex, hut complete hody sculpture and color pattern. It is rather heavy- shelled, narrow, ventricosely conical, with straight sides and a rounded shoulder. The spire is shallow and slightly concave. The ground color is pinkish-white with greenish- brown mottling, the interior is purple. There are numerous fine transverse lines with irregular intermitted white specks. These lines vary in thickness and are unevenly distributed over the last whorl. The shoulder has a pink to purple ground color, profusely mottled and striped with white and brown. There is a slightly paler transverse band in the anterior third. In paratype 3, the dotted transverse bands are confined to this band, the rest of the brown-tinted body whorl leaves only few pinkish-white freckles. Paratype 4 has a taller spire than the others, the darker dorsal freckling is sparser than in the others.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  chinoi  Shikama,  1970

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NSMT Mike Filmer

Published in: Venus vol. xxix,  no. 4,  p. 115,  text f. 1-4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ogokuda, Shionomisaki, Wakayama Pref., Japan
Type Data: Holotype in NSMT deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 32 x 17.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus distans Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name chinoi

 

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Conus  cholmondeleyi  Melvill,  1900

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMMU Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: J. Conchol. ix,  no. 10, pp. 305, 309,  text-fig.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in MMMU deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-textile cholmondeleyi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on coral reef from the reef crest to deeper water inside the lagoon and sometimes also on flats of mainland coasts.
Description:-Source Living Conidae. C. textile.
C.  cholmondeyi conoid cylindrical to ventrociosely conical; ground color white to brownish beige or violet, streaked with blue;very dark pattern with fine lines almost parallel not producing tents with bluish flammules giving dark grey color;
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus chusaki  da Motta,  1978

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Natural Study (Thai). 2,  no. 1,  seq. 7, p. 8. figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Raya Is., Phuket, Thailand; 80-120 ft
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 65 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus floridus Sowerby ii, 1858 which is a synonym of Conus striatus L. 1758
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name chusaki

 

----------

 

Conus  chytreus  Tryon, 1884

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Man. Conch. vi,  p. 17,  pl. 27,  f. 1
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Designated (CMW) Lucira Bay, Angola
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16.6 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-chytreus
Synonyms:- lucirensis Paes-da Franca, 1957
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Zone of calm shallow water, to 1 m depth, buried in fine sand with shell grits.
Description:-Source Röckel & Rolan 2000
Shell description: Small to moderately small, moderately solid. Last whorl ovate to broadly ovate, slightly pyriform. Outline convex at ad apical half and slightly concave below. Shoulder rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight or sigmoid. Teleoconch sutural ramps convex, usually with numerous spiral striae. Last whorl smooth and dull, with about 10 spiral ribs at base. Ground colour white, shoulder with a wide brown band down to sub shoulder area, last whorl with continuous brown spiral lines. Lines may be fine or broad, spaced or closely arranged. Base usually brown. Aperture white inside.Periostracum thin, smooth, translucent.
Shell morphometry:
L 19-32 mm
RD 0.62-0.71
RSH 0.08-0.16
PMD 0.69-0.72
RW 0.14 g/mm
Discussion:-Discussion: Melvill (1883) described C. chytreus erroneously as variant of the Indopacific C. figulinus because of the presence of spiral lines on last whorl. Coomans et al (1983) stated a similarity to C. variegatus, but the colour of the aperture is different and C. variegatus has a pattern with spiral rows of brown dots or dashes, alternating with white. The radular teeth have evident differences: DP/PA is usually smaller than 2 in C. chytreus and 2 or more in C. variegatus. Also the D in S are more prominent and numerous in the upper part of C. chytreus and the opposite in C. variegatus.
C. chytreus has a similar shape and pattern to C. fuscolineatus, but its spiral lines are continuous and not interrupted, its ground colour is white and the shell is also white inside the aperture.

 

----------

 

Conus  ciderryi  da Motta,  1985

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 4,  p. 4. pl. 1,  f. 3 a-b
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled in Strait of Taiwan
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x 14.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-ciderryi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Taiwan; Vietnam
Habitat:-Deeper subtidal
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical, outline almost straight. Shoulder angulate, undulate or weakly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls. maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. First 4-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, following whorls undulate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1-2 increasing to 2-5 spiral grooves. with additional striae in last whorls. Last whorl with rather widely spaced spiral grooves on basal half, more narrowly spaced near base.
Ground colour white, occasionally suffused with pale violet. Entire last whorl with spiral rows of alternating yellowish brown or pink and white bars, squarish spots and dots; an orangish violet spiral band or a spiral row of yellowish brown to brown flecks may occur on each side of centre. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with yellowish to orangish brown radial streaks that extend over outer margins. Aperture white
Shell Morphometry
L 30-42 mm
RW 0.08-0.12 g/mm
RD 0.50-0.63
PMD 0.95-0.97
RSH 0.08-0.24
Discussion:-C. ciderryi is most similar to C. inscriptus and C. moluccensis. Specimens from Vietnam have a broader last whorl and a dark-coloured base.

 

----------



Conus  cinereus  Hwass in Bruguiere,  1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul kersten

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 673
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moluccas; Asiatic Ocean, restricted (C, M & W) to Moluccas, Indonesia.
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 48 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-cinereus
Synonyms:- cinereus Röding, 1798; caerulescens Lamarck, 1810; nisus Dillwyn, 1817; exaratus Reeve, 1844; gabrielii Kiener, 1845; gubba Kiener, 1845; bernardii Kiener, 1845; politus Weinkauff, 1875
Geographic Range:-Japan to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is., New Caledonia, and Vanuatu.
Habitat:-Subtidal
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical, conoid-cylindrical or ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, less so or straight below. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder subangulate or rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline deeply concave to straight or slightly sigrnoid. Larval shell of about 2.25 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to convex, with 1 increasing to 3-5 spiral grooves, usually weaker on late ramps and sometimes visible only on early ramps; spiral sculpture dominated by a strong subsutural groove. Basal fourth to half of last whorl with widely spaced axially striate spiral grooves and flat ribbons between; basal grooves wider and often with a spiral thread.
Colour light violet to greenish grey or shading from beige to orange or blackish brown; sometimes with tan and olive spiral bands. Last whorl with spiral rows of orange to dark brown and pale ground-colour dots and dashes; rows highly variable in number, sometimes absent, with alternating dark and light markings or all light or all dark markings. Dark shells either immaculate or with additional spirally aligned white or grey flecks; light shells with additional spirally aligned orangish to dark brown markings. Larval whorls ranging from pale to dark brown. Early postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate, often similar in colour to larval shell. Later sutural ramps immaculate, or with dark axial markings, or with scattered white spots in very dark shells; sometimes outer margins with regularly set orange to brown dots. Aperture white, bluish white or violet behind a translucent outer margin and an adjacent narrow orange or brown zone.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-57 mm
RW 0.06-0.30 g/mm
RD 0.47-0.60
PMD 0.75-0.86
RSH 0.09-0.20
Discussion:-C. cinereus resembles C. lienardi. and C. oishii. C. lienardi differs in its rather angulate shoulder, complete or reduced reticulate pattern on last whorl and spire, and in the absence of any spirally aligned dots and dashes; its early postnuclear whorls are tuberculate.

C. cinereus is a polytypic species, and variability may be high within populations; this has led to a number of synonyms: - C. caerulescens and C. exaratus refer to subadult specimens, which have spiral grooves from base to shoulder. - C. bernardii is a reddish brown colour variant with spirally arrayed grey or white markings at shoulder, within adapical third and near centre. It occurs sympatrically with the typical form in Philippines and Indonesia. - C. politus refers to a blackish brown form with hieroglyphic-shaped white markings on the last whorl, occurring in Philippines. - C. gubba was described as having a uniformly blackish brown adult shell, and a juvenile shell with white flecks. It seems to be restricted to Manus Id., Papua New Guinea. It cannot be separated from C. cinereus by shape or sculpture of the shell but its distinctive colouration and limited distribution may justify subspecies status. Shells from Java have a broader last whorl than those from other localities.

 

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Conus  cinereus f. bernardii   Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv.,  pl. 100, f. 2

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,  p. 220,  pl. 100,  f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Holotype was in MNHN and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 46 x 20 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus cinereus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-cinereus bernardii forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines, Indonesia
Habitat:-Subtidal
Description:- C. bernardii is a reddish brown colour variant with spirally arrayed grey or white markings at shoulder, within adapical third and near the centre.

 

 

Conus cinereus f.  gubba  Kiener,  1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in collection Gubba Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv.,  pl. 104,  f. 1

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,  p. 289,  pl. 104,  f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Gubba and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 38mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus cinereus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-cinereus gubba forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Manus Island, PNG
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C. cinereus
C. gubba was described as having a uniformly blackish brown adult shell, and a juvenile shell with white flecks. It seems to be restricted to Manus Id., Papua New Guinea. It cannot be separated from C. cinereus by shape or sculpture of the shell but its distinctive colouration and limited distribution may justify subspecies status.
Discussion:-No Data

 

----------

 

Conus  cingulatus  Lamarck,  1810

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Neotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv,  p. 274
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Santa Marta, Colombia
Type Data: Neotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-cingulatus
Synonyms:- castaneus Kiener, 1845
Geographic Range:-Venezuela, Colombia
Habitat:-Deep water
Description:-Source Vink
A slender shell, 30 to 50 mm, with moderately high, concave to straight-sided spire. Shoulder angulate, body whorl straight to slightly convex with a narrow base. Spiral grooves, which are axially punctated, over the entire body whorl.
The grooves are wider apart and weaker near midbody, and on some specimens there are only grooves near the base. Tops of the whorls with 2 to 3 very weak spiral ridges. Nucleus: 1.5 whorls; in fresh specimens irregular axial sculpture on the sides of the first 3 postnuclear whorls. Body whorl cream coloured variegated with dark brown axial streaks and spiral lines of small dashes, which are darker brown than the axial streaks. There is a light form without spiral lines of dashes (or with these spiral lines inconspicuous) which is mainly found off Venezuela. These shells have only grooves near the base. A dark form, uniform dark brown with a few irregular, often rectangular white markings was given the name C. castaneus.
Variant C. castaneus is dark brown shell with brown spiral lines visible in background and a few whitish or yellowish tents and blotches break through;reduced body sculpture;
Discussion:-C. cingulatus could be confused with C. garciai (which is larger and broader with spiral cords rather than flat ribs between grooves, and of which the juveniles are more turnip-shaped.

 

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Conus circae  Sowerby ii, 1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in Cuming collection, Thes. Conch. pl. 21 (207),  f. 513 & 514

Picture link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Thes. Conch. ii, p. 39, pl. 21 (207),  f. 513 & 514. and pl.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: Syntype was in Cuming collection and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 52 x 26 fig.
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus circae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia, Solomons
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C.magus
C. circae: Type figures show conical shaped form white with tan or orange brown background with dark brown blotches and broken dark brown spiral lines.

Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus circumactus  Iredale, 1929

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Swainson 1822,  Pl.  110 (C.cinctus)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Mem. Queensl. Mus. 9,  p. 281
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known (C.cinctus Swainson, 1822)
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Swainson, Pl. 110
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. cinctus Swainson, 1822.
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-circumactus
Synonyms:- cinctus Swainson, 1822; hammatus Bartsch & Rehder, 1943
Geographic Range:-Natal and Mozambique to Hawaii
Habitat:-Usually in 10-240 m, down to 600 m in Hawaii; on sand, sand mixed with rubble, or on coralline gravel, either in semi-sheltered habitats or exposed to strong tidal currents.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. circumactus
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical fourth to half, less so or straight below. Shoulder angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave. Early postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave with 1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves, occasionally obsolete on late ramps. Last whorl with smooth and granulose spiral ribs near base to two-thirds and spiral rows of punctations above; granulose ribs with several smooth ribs between, primarily toward base.
Ground colour white, variably suffused with violet. Last whorl with a broad yellowish tan to brown spiral band on each side of centre; colour bands variably wide, solid or interrupted, sometimes covering most of last whorl. Widely spaced spiral rows of brown dots and dashes from base to shoulder, varying from pronounced to obsolete and from numerous to absent. Base and siphonal fasciole purple. Larval whorls light brown. Teleoconch sutural ramps with brown radial streaks, occasionally extending to subshoulder area. Aperture white except for purple anterior end; occasionally with a violet marginal band to shoulder and exhalent notch.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-75 mm
RW 0.19-0.63 g/mm
((L 35-57 mm))
RD 0.58-0.63
PMD 0.80-0.93
RSH 0.04-0.14
C.  hammatus has been used for deepwater specimens; The type is orange brown with purple base and convex sides.
C.  connectens named after specimen with indistinct banding; now considered erroneous.
Discussion:-The closest relative of C. circumactus is C. swainsoni from New Caledonia. Estival and Cosel (1986) considered C. connectens A. Adams, 1855 an earlier name for C. circumactus. Coomans et al, (1985a) considered the type specimen of C. connectens indeterminable, but Röckel (1988b) concluded that it is a specimen of C. daucus Hwass from the Western Atlantic. In any case it seems not to be an earlier name for C. circumactus. Coomans et al. (1985a) separate this species into C. circumactus s.s. and C. hammatus, but these two forms intergrade in colour pattern, shape and sculpture in both Indian and Pacific Ocean populations (Estival & v. Cosel, 1986). In agreement with Estival & v. Cosel (1986) RKK consider C. hammatus to apply to deep-water shells of C. circumactus, although this requires further study. Indian Ocean specimens of C. circumactus are more uniformly coloured than most shells from the Pacific Ocean and often have the late sutural ramps more concave and with weaker spiral sculpture.

 

----------

 

Conus  circumcisus  Born, 1778

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Ind. Rer. Nat. Mus. Caes. Vind., p. 147
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: not known, designated (C, M & W) Moluccas, Indonesia
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 71 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-circumcisus
Synonyms:- affinis Gmelin, 1791; laevis Gmelin, 1791; dux Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; purpuratus Röding, 1798; terebellum Röding, 1798; brazieri Sowerby iii, 1881
Geographic Range:-Moluccas and Philippines to Marshall Is. and to Solomon Is. and Vanuatu; probably in Society Is.
Habitat:-In 4-200 m; in sand, coral rubble, clefts of coral reefs or on lagoon pinnacles, beneath dead coral rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical, sometimes narrowly conical; outline varies from almost straight to almost evenly convex, adapical fourth usually convex. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire usually of moderate height, outline straight to domed. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. First 3-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps convex to slightly concave, with 2-3 increasing to 4 spiral grooves, usually faint in latest whorls. Last whorl with equidistant spiral ribs, often weak above centre and sometimes with fine granules.
Ground colour white, variably suffused with yellow or violet. Last whorl with light brown spiral bands, varying in number and width but usually leaving one ground colour band below centre. Shells with a plain banding pattern intergrade with speckled shells with darker brown blotches, with spiral rows of alternating white and dark brown dots, spots and dashes and sometimes with additional brown spiral lines. Rows of alternating dark and light markings usually diminish during growth, dark flecks and blotches do so sometimes. Base yellow or yellowish orange. Larval whorls white. Early teleoconch sutural ramps immaculate white; later ramps with brown axial markings, becoming darker but smaller and often sparse during growth. Aperture white or pale violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 55-100 mm
RW 0.17-0.70 g/mm
(L 55-90 mm)
RD 0.44-0.57
PMD 0.71-0.86
RSH 0.10-0.19
Discussion:-
C. brazieri is smooth unspotted pale pattern from Solomons, New Guinea;
C. laevis with large reddish brown blotches

 

 

Conus  citrinus  Gmelin, 1791

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Syst. Nat. 13th ed. Vol. 1, pt,  p. 3389
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Curaçao
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini (1773: pl. 61, fig. 681)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus regius Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Stephanoconus Species:-regius citrinus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Netherlands Antilles; Virgin Islands; C Brazil
Habitat:-Shallow to deep
Description:-Source Walls
C. r. citrinus is totally yellow or orange shell, the spire white or sometimes patterned;
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  clarki  Rehder & Abbott, 1951

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn

Published in: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 41,  p. 22, f. 1-6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: 50 mi. SSW of Marsh Is., Iberia Co., Louisiana; 29 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 34 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus armiger Crosse, 1858
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name clarki

 

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Conus  clarus  Smith, 1881

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5,  p. 442
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: West Australia
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26.7 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Austroconus Species:-clarus
Synonyms:- segravei Gatliff, J. H., 1891
Geographic Range:-S. Australia, W. Port Bay (Victoria) to Cape Leeuwin (W. Australia).
Habitat:-In 7-80 m; on sand substrate
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical, outline moderately convex adapically and less so toward base. Shoulder usually carinate, rarely angulate. Spire of moderate height to high, often stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls, maximum diameter 1-1.2 mm. Postnuclear spire whorls carinate except for first 2-3 whorls. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2-3 increasing to 4-8 variably arranged spiral grooves, often weaker and with spiral striae in latest whorls. Last whorl smooth, except distinct spiral ribs on basal third, paired and grading to ribbons toward centre.
Ground colour white to pale pink. Last whorl with fusing pale violet-brown or orange-brown clouds concentrated on both sides of a subcentral spiral ground-colour band. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with radial streaks matching last whorl pattern in colour. Aperture pink, violet, or orange-brown.
Shell Morphometry
L 27-54 mm
RW 0.06-0.26 g/mm
RD 0.57-0.67
PMD 0.80-0.85
RSH 0.15-0.32
Varies from white or pink shell to one with pink or orange flammules; spire usually has pattern;
Specimens with strong pink flammules were named segravei.
Discussion:-.

 

 

Conus clarus f.  segravei  Gatliff, J. H., 1891

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMVM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Vict. Nat. vii,  p. 179,  pl.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Near Shoreham, Victoria, Australia.
Type Data: Holotype in NMVM deposited and catalogued
Type Size :33 x 16.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus clarus Smith, 1881
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Austroconus Species:-clarus segravei forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Victoria, Australia
Habitat:-In 7-80 m; on sand substrate
Description:-Source Living Conidae    C.clarus
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical, outline moderately convex adapically and less so toward base. Shoulder usually carinate, rarely angulate. Spire of moderate height to high, often stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls, maximum diameter 1-1.2 mm. Postnuclear spire whorls carinate except for first 2-3 whorls. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2-3 increasing to 4-8 variably arranged spiral grooves, often weaker and with spiral striae in latest whorls. Last whorl smooth, except distinct spiral ribs on basal third, paired and grading to ribbons toward centre.
Ground colour white to pale pink. Last whorl with fusing pale violet-brown or orange-brown clouds concentrated on both sides of a subcentral spiral ground-colour band. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with radial streaks matching last whorl pattern in colour. Aperture pink, violet, or orange-brown.
Shell Morphometry
L 27-54 mm
RW 0.06-0.26 g/mm
RD 0.57-0.67
PMD 0.80-0.85
RSH 0.15-0.32
Specimens with strong pink flammules were named segravei.
Gatliff states that shell is orange brown with irregular tent shaped white reticulations and encircled with many dotted lines of darker colour; narrow white band at shoulder and midbody.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  claudiae  Tenorio, M. J. and Afonso, M. L., 2004

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manuel Tenorio

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Visaya 1 (2),  p. 27
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Praia Real, North coast of Maio Island, Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 17 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-claudiae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-N. Maio, Cape Verde
Habitat:-Found at 1-2 m in rocks and coral slabs
Description:-Source Original description
Small to moderately small shell. The profile is conical to broadly conical, with a moderate spire and a subangulated shoulder. Outline of the last whorl convex. Spire most often eroded, concave with flat or slightly convex sutural ramps presenting fine striae.
The ground color of the shell varies from pale yellow-green to light bluish grey. There is a reticulated pattern of white flecks and dark brown dots forming bands which are variable in number and width, usually three: a thin one on the shoulder, another at the height of the maximum diameter of the shell, and another broader one slightly below the midbody. The base is dark, often covered by reticulated pattern of white flecks and dark brown dots forming bands which are variable in number and width, usually three: a thin one on the shoulder, another at the height of the maximum diameter of the shell, and another broader one slightly below the midbody. The base is dark, often covered by reticulated pattern. In some cases, only white dots and flecks are present, with no traces of dark brown dots. The aperture is purplish brown, with two white bands, one in the middle portion and another one in the upper part. The inner lip is white, showing traces of the yellow near the edge.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  clenchi  Martins, 1943

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNRJ Mike Filmer

Published in: Bol. Mus. Nac.. Rio de Janeiro, Nova Serie. Zool., n p. 2 &  3, text f.
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Barra do Furado, Municipio de Campos, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; At shore line.
Type Data: Holotype in MNRJ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus lemniscatus Reeve, 1849
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-lemniscatus clenchi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Urauguay, Argentina
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Vink
C. lemniscatus closely resembles c. clerii, but in general is somewhat smaller, length up to 50 mm. Typical specimens are more slender with a more straight-sided spire. The body whorl is straight to convex with spiral ridges near the base, which in some spcimens may cover the body whorl. Shoulder roundly angulate, early spire whorls convex, later spire whorls flat to slightly concave and not stepped in typical C. lemniscatus. Nucleus: 1.5 whorls. The first 2 postnuclear whorls, normally smooth, may show irregular coronation (but not the regular axial sculpture of c. clerii). The colour pattern is like that of C. clerii; in most specimens of typical C. lemniscatus the axial flames are lighter coloured and cover larger areas so that the spiral lines of dark squares become prominent. However, there are specimens of c. clerii with the same colour pattern, and the only way to distinguish the two species without any doubt is by comparing the early spire whorls
For many years C. lemniscatus was used erroneously for Indian Ocean shell now recognised as C. dictator. C clenchi was used for the Brasil specimens now known to be C. lemniscatus.
The type specimen of C. clenchi is orange with reduced white areas and distinctive bands of orange/brown.

Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  clerii  Reeve, 1844

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Conc h. Icon. I, Conus,  pl. 43,  sp. 229
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Cape St. Thomas, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31.9 x 15.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-clerii
Synonyms:- tostesi Petuch, 1986
Geographic Range:-Brazil - N Argentina
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Vink
A relatively light but strong shell, 30 to 60 mm, with low to moderate concave-sided spire. Body whorl rather straight with slightly pinched-in waist, and smooth except for faint spiral ridges near the base. Shoulder angulate to carinate, early spire whorls stepped and sharply angulate, later spire whorls, concave above and more roundly angulate. Nucleus: 11/2 whorls; first 3 to 4 postnuclear whorls with axial sculpture on the sides crossed by 2 spiral striae.Body whorl white variegated with dark brown or yellow brown axial flames (of- ten interrupted at mid-body) and spiral lines of small dark squares at regular intervals. The dark squares often coincide with the axial flames, making the pattern of flames predominant.
Discussion:-
Petuch described C. tostesi now considered a form or synonym. Conus tostesi, is closest to the sympatric C. clerii Reeve, 1844, but differs in being a much smaller, more elongate shell, by having a higher, scalariform spire, by being of a violet color instead of white, and by having a much larger, mamillate protoconch.

 

 

Conus clerii f.  tostesi  Petuch, 1986

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MOFU Paulo Màrcio Costa

Picture Link: Mike Filmer

 

Published in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xcix. no. 1,  p. 11, f. 9 & 10
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Cabo Frio, Rio de Janiero, Brazil; trawled in 100 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MOFU deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 35 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus clerii Reeve, 1844
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-clerii tostesi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brazil
Habitat:-Found at depths of 15-100 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell elongate, thin fragile; spire protracted, slightly scalariform; body whorl shiny, with anterior one-third covered with numerous fine spiral threads; shoulder produced but slightly rounded; color pale violet to darker violet with three wide bands of reddish-brown, one just below shoulder, one around mid-body, and one around anterior end; banded color pattern overlaid by 10-14 rows of brown dots; anterior tip darker violet on some specimens; spire white with numerous crescent-shaped flammules; protoconch large, mamillate; periostracum thin, smooth translucent yellow.
Conus tostesi, is closest to the sympatric C. clerii Reeve, 1844, but differs in being a much smaller, more elongate shell, by having a higher, scalariform spire, by being of a violet color instead of white, and by having a much larger, mamillate protoconch.
This new Brazilian species actually shows a closer affinity to some of the rare Paolinian-Submagellanic species such as C. carcellesi Martins, 1945 and C. platenesis Frenguelli, 1946 from the Mar del Plata, (Frenguelli 1946). Conus tostesi differs from both of these species, however, by having a three-banded color pattern, finer body sculpture, and by lacking spiral grooves on the spire.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus cloveri  Walls, 1978

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Pariah no. 2,  p. 2,  pl. (on p. 5)
Ocean geography:East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Harbor near Anse Bernard, Dakar, Senegal.
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25.7 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-cloveri
Synonyms:- soaresi Trovao, 1978
Geographic Range:-Senegal
Habitat:-Shallow Water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy, with a low/good gloss; low conical, the posterior sides strongly convex; basal ridges; shoulder broad rounded, convex at top; spire moderately tall, sharply pointed, tip mucronate; side of spire convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly; body whorl creamy white covered with wavy brown narrow axial lines that overlap to produce fine tents; base white to pale tan; a distinct broad lighted midbody band with sharp edges, formed by lines being narrower and widely spaced; a broad white band below shoulder; spire white, without pattern or with short fine brown lines on later whorls; early whorls eroded white; aperture moderately wide, slightly wider anteriorly; outer lip thin, sharp, evenly convex; anal notch shallow or obsolete; mouth white with violet tones; columella very narrow.
Discussion:-Similar to C. mercator but has a more mucronate spire, tip set off from spire, pattern with colorless band below shoulder, and absence of spire pattern;
C. cloveri is very close to certain forms of C. mercator, but can be distinguished by its relatively less wide shoulder, its more regular and not mucronate spire, the straighter sides not narrowing at the base as in mercator. Moreover, the web of crossing creamy lines is always in the axial sense, while in C. mercator it is in the spiral direction.

 

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Conus  clytospira  Melvill & Standen, 1899

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7, p. 461,  45 f.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Arabian Sea, about 125 miles W. S-W of Bombay, 45 fathoms
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 180 x 33 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus milneedwardsi Jousseaume, 1894
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-milneedwardsi clytospira subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Pakistan - Sri Lanka
Habitat:-Founds at depths of 50-180 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to solid; Last whorl narrowly conical; outline nearly straight. Shoulder angulate to sharply angulate. Spire stepped and usually high,; outline generally straight. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.9 mm. First 6-10 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave to concave, with 0-1 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture may be very weak in latest whorls. Last whorl with variably weak, axially striate spiral grooves near base, separated by ribs at anterior end and by ribbons above; spiral grooves sometimes extending to shoulder in C. m. milneedwardsi and C. m. clytospira.
Ground colour white, generally with 2 pink spiral bands on last whorl, just above centre and within basal third; bands most prominent in C. m. clytospira; latest sutural ramps sometimes suffused with pink in C. m. milneedwardsi. Last whorl generally with reddish brown reticulated lines forming small to large triangular, quadrangular and round markings, and with similarly coloured triangular spots to variably shaped blotches concentrated in 2-3 spiral bands, within basal third, just above centre and sometimes somewhat below shoulder. Larval shell white to grey. Teleoconch spire matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture pink to orangish pink deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 60-174 mm
RW 0.15-0.53 g/mm
(L 60-110 mm)
RD -
(-C. m. milneedwardsi and C. m. clytospira 0.42 - 0.46PMD 0.86-0.94)
RSH -
(C. m. milneedwardsi and C. m. clytospira 0.28 - 0.33)
C. m. clytospira is morphologically very close to the former subspecies, differing in its smaller size (L 65-110 mm) and usually more prominent pink background bands around the last whorl, spiral grooves often extending to shoulder.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  cocceus  Reeve, 1844

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Conch. Icon. I,  Conus , pl. 42,  sp. 228
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Holland (Australia). Later restricted to Geographe Bay, West Australia
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31.2 x 16.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-cocceus
Synonyms:- decrepitus Kiener, 1845
Geographic Range:-W. Australia from Albany area to N. W. Cape
Habitat:-Intertidal to 100 m; a sand-dwelling species also living on limestone platforms, beneath rocks or among granite boulders intertidally and in sand pockets subtidally.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical or ovate; outline convex adapically, less so toward base; left side straight to slightly concave or constricted near base. Shoulder rounded. Spire of moderate height, outline convex. Larval shell of 1.75-2 whorls, maximum diameter 1.2-1.5 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to moderately convex, with 2 increasing to 5-8 spiral grooves. Last whorl with fine and closely spaced spiral ribs; ribs may be obsolete adapically.
Ground colour white or pinkish grey. Last whorl with spiral rows of alternating white and yellow to orangish brown dots, dashes, spots or bars and with confluent yellow to orangish brown flames and clouds that may be concentrated in 2-3 spiral bands. Larval whorls white, violet or pale brown. Postnuclear sutural ramps with yellow to orangish brown radial markings. Pattern elements often weak or absent both on spire and last whorl. Aperture white to light pink.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-54 mm
RW 0.07-0.26 g/mm
RD 0.60-0.71
PMD 0.71-0.85
RSH 0.13-0.22
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  coccineus  Gmelin, 1791

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Knorr (1771,  pl. 24,  fig. 2)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul kersten

 

Published in: Syst. Nat. 13th ed. Vol. 1, pt,  p. 3390
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None, neotype from Samar, Philippines
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Knorr (1771,  pl. 24,  fig. 2)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-coccineus
Synonyms:- anglicus Gmelin, 1791; solandri Broderip & Sowerby, 1830
Geographic Range:-E. Indonesia, Philippines, Queensland, New Caledonia, Solomon Is., and Vanuatu.
Habitat:-In 1-20 m, at exposed coral reef sites and in coral rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid. Last whorl ovate to conoid-cylindrical, sometimes cylindrical; outline convex to almost straight and parallel-sided adapically; left side concave basally. Shoulder angulate, undulate to weakly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. Early postnuclear whorls tuberculate, late whorls tuberculate to undulate. Teleoconch sutural ramps tlat, with 1-3 increasing to 5-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with closely spaced, variably granulose spiral ribs.
Colour variable: white, pink, orange, to dark brown. Last whorl with a white central-band, usually containing brown blotches above and spirally arranged dots below. In light coloured specimens. spiral ribs outside the central band occasionally bear dark spiral lines. Larval whorls and first 2-4 postnuclear sutural ramps white to pink; following sutural ramps matching the colour of last whorl, often with darker radial blotches; sutural margins usually darker. Aperture white to violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-62 mm
RW 0.11-0.26 g/mm
RD 0.51-0.63
PMD 0.71-0.83
RSH 0.11-0.18
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  coelinae  Crosse, 1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Living Animal: David Massemin  New Caledonia

 

Published in: Rev. Mag. Zool. 2,  p. 117, pl. 2,  f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 116 x 57 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virgiconus Species:-coelinae
Synonyms:- spiceri Bartsch & Rehder, 1943; pseudocoelinae Delsaerdt, 1989
Geographic Range:-Hawaii - New Caledonia; Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 55 m. C. c. coelinae on sand bottoms to about 35 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical; outline straight, except convex below shoulder. Shoulder angulate to sharply angulate. Spire usually low, outline slightly sigmoid. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to sigmoid, with numerous often faint spiral striae in later whorls. Entire last whorl with rather closely spaced spiral threads, usually more prominent basally.
Colour white, variably suffused with yellow. Last whorl ccasionally with a paler spiral band at centre. Base violet or occasionally white in C. c. coelinae , lemon yellow in C. c. spiceri. Larval whorls white. Aperture white.
Discussion:-C. coelinae is similar to C. virgo, C. berdulinus and C. kintoki. C. virgo can be distinguished by the blue violet basal parts of its shell, purplish larval whorls, and its coarser spiral sculpture on the sutural ramps. C. berdulinus has a less angulate shoulder, smoother last whorl with violet, cream or orange shades, and a thin periostracum. The two subspecies we characterize are geographiclly widely separated, yet their shells differ only in that C. c. spiceri attains larger maximum size and its base is lemmon yellow, in contrast to the violet base of C. c. coelinae. RKK do not agree with Delsaerdt's (1989) statement that the holotype of C. coelinae represents a specimen of C. c. spiceri from Hawaii, because its base is white instead of lemon yellow. Specimens of C. c. coelinae with such uncoloured bases are known to occur in New Caledonia.

 

 

Conus coelinae spiceri  Bartsch & Rehder, 1943

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 56,  p. 87
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Midway Atoll
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 67.5 x 41 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus coelinae Crosse, 1858
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virgiconus Species:-coelinae spiceri subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Midway; Hawaii
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 55 m. C. c. coelinae on sand bottoms to about 35 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical; outline straight, except convex below shoulder. Shoulder angulate to sharply angulate. Spire usually low, outline slightly sigmoid. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to sigmoid, with numerous often faint spiral striae in later whorls. Entire last whorl with rather closely spaced spiral threads, usually more prominent basally.
Colour white, variably suffused with yellow. Last whorl ocasionally with a paler spiral band at centre. Base violet or occasionally white in C. c. coelinae , lemon yellow in C. c. spiceri. Larval whorls white. Aperture white.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  coffeae  Gmelin, 1791

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Syst. Nat. 13th ed. Vol. 1, pt, p. 3388
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Leporiconus Species:-coffeae
Synonyms:- caffer Roding, 1798; scabriusculus Dillwyn, 1817; fabula Sowerby ii, 1833
Geographic Range:-W. and Central Pacific, except for Hawaii and Marquesas; W. Thailand and Java.
Habitat:-In 2 to about 30 m. In Fiji, in and under corals as well as on sand. In New Caledonia, mostly on dead coral on reef flats in 2-15 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical to broadly and ventricosely conical; occasionally ovate; outline convex at adapical third, almost straight below; left side slightly concave near base. Shoulder subangulate to rounded, sometimes nearly indistinct. Spire of moderate height, outline almost straight to slightly convex. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.65 mm. First 5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly convex, with 0-1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves, gradually finer and inconspicuous in later whorls. Last whorl with fine closely spaced, mostly granulose spiral ribs from base to shoulder.
Ground colour white, often suffused with pale violet. Last whorl with 2 solid or interrupted brown spiral bands, intermittently connected by axial markings. Occasionally entire last whorl overlaid with brown except for a spiral row of white areas at centre or below shoulder. Base violet. Larval shell and about first 4 postnuclear sutural ramps pink. Following sutural ramps matsching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture violet with a pale band at centre, bluish white in larger specimens.
Shell Morphometry
L 28-51 mm
RW 0.13-0.30 g/mm
(L 33-45 mm)
RD 0.62-0.72
PMD 0.71-0.85
RSH 0.13-0.22
Discussion:-C. coffeae resembles C. glans and C. tenuistriatus. C. glans can be distinguished by its usually narrower and cylindrical last whorl (RD 0.52-0.65), generally less distinct shoulder and more prominent spiral sculpture on the teleoconch sutural ramps; its colour pattern is dominated by bluish brown rather than pure brown. C. tenuistriatus also differs in a narrower last whorl (RD 0.47-0.62) and less distinct shoulder; its aperture lacks the pale central band often present in C. coffeae.

 

----------

 

Conus  coletteae  Petuch, 2013

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype FMNH  D. Sargent
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks; p. 220, p. 136 fig. 9.6, f & g
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: off St. James, Barbados
Type Data: Holotype in FMNH deposited and catalogued
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species; some believe it is a synonym of C. mcgintyi, Pilsbry, 1955
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:- CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-coletteae
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Barbados
Habitat:-Dredged from 300 m
Description: Shell narrow, slender, with slightly convex sides; shoulder sharply-angled, ornamented with 20-24 small rounded beadlike knobs per whorl; subsutural area sharply sloping; spire highly elevated, protracted, scalariform, approximately one-third length of entire shell; body whorl ornamented with 30-32 deeply-incised thin spiral sulci, producing grooved, rough-textured appearance; body whorl color pale cream-white to white, overlaid with 4 bands of light brown rectangularspots and scattered large longitudinal amorphous flammules; in some specimens, rectangular spot pattern dominates while in others (like the holotype) longitudinal flammules dominate; spire whorls 12-14 evenly spaced small crescent-shaped flammules per whorl; protoconch white, proportionally large and bulbous, composed of two and one-half whorls; aperture uniformly narrow, straight, white within anterior.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  collisus  Reeve, 1849

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Reeve (1849, Conus suppl. Pl. 8, sp. 273)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Conch. Icon. i. Conus, Suppl. pl. viii,  sp. 273
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Phuket, Thailand
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Reeve (1849: Conus suppl. Pl. 8, sp. 273)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-collisus
Synonyms:- stigmaticus A. Adams, 1854; straturatus Sowerby ii, 1865; albospira Smith, 1880;
Geographic Range:-S India - Solomons; South China Sea
Habitat:-Deep or shallow
Description:-Philippines; S. India to Solomons
Moderately light in weight, with a good gloss;low conical, the sides slightly convex;body whorl with widely spaced spiral grooves basally,marking wide flat ribs extending past midbody; shoulder roundly angled, not distinct from spire; spire moderate, sharply pointed, the sides deeply concave; whorls convex above; body whorl white to bluish white, sometimes tan, covered with axial series of pale brown to blackish spots heavier in bands at shoulder and midbody;usually spots fuse in smeared axial flammules or broken bands; very blotchy; base white tan; spire and shoulder colored like body blotches radiating; aperture moderately narrow, widening anteriorly; outer lip thin, sharp, straight/convex; mouth dark violet, pale violet,white often with small brown spot; columella long, narrow, indented;
C. collisus shoulder more or less angulate; mouth pale to deep violet; spots tend to fuse to axial blotches and sometimes flammules,usually yellowish brown; In Solomons blotches are covered with tan which may cover shell;
C. andamanensis ( the real one!) much paler, the spots yellowish brown; usually three bands of spirally scattered smeared spots or blotches and scattered small spots; mouth is white with violet within; 26 mm – 31 mm.
Discussion:-The shells that were offered as Conus collisus and labelled as such are in fact Conus stigmaticus M. Filmer  Visaya 2012

 

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Conus  colmani  Röckel  &  Korn, 1990

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Paul kersten

 

Published in: Acta Conchyliorum Nr. 2, p. 16, pl. 8, f. 1-4,  pl. 9, f. 1-7,  pl.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: SE of Swain Reefs. Great Barrier Reef. Queensland. Australia
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42 x 23.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-colmani
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Swain Reefs, Queensland
Habitat:-In 170-250 m, on grey mud and sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical to broadly conical or broadly and ventricosely conical, outline variably convex adapically and straight below; left side constricted just above base. In subadult specimens, last whorl may be slightly pyriform, outline slightly sigmoid. Shoulder angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave to nearly straight. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 1.05-1.15 mm. First 3-6 postnuclear whorls tuberculate; specimens of about 45 mm with 8.5 teleoconch whorls. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1 increasing to 5-8 spiral grooves. Last whorl often with spiral ribs at base and a few weak spiral ribbons above; sometimes ribbons prominent, spirally striate and extending to shoulder; last whorl may also have groups of sometimes finely granulose elevations, each consisting of 2-3 fine spiral ribs anteriorly and 1 ribbon or 2 coarse ribs posteriorly.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with 3 axially connected spiral rows of yellowish-brown to orange axial streaks and flames, below shoulder and on each side of centre; adapical markings partially extending to spire. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with radial lines and streaks matching last whorl pattern in colour. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-52 mm
RW 0.20-0.35 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.73
PMD 0.81-0.90
RSH 0.07-0.19
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  colombi  Monnier & Limpalaër,  2012

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Eric Monnier

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Visaya 5(3)
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: La Vauclin Bay, East coast of Martinique Island, (in shallow water).
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19.3 x 10.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-colombi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Martinique on Atlantic coast
Habitat:-found in shallow water from 0.5 to 3 meters in sand, sea grass beds and rocks.
Description:-Source Original Description
Small shell. The spire is slightly concave. The surface is smooth and glossy. The posterior three quarters of the last whorl are smooth. The anterior end has four to six deep incised striae of square section.
The ground color of the shell varies from white to brown with a purplish hue. One or a few white spots are often seen at midbody. This background is overlaid by 25 to 30 narrow spiral lines of brown dots. The spire is white with brown blotches of the same brown color than the spiral lines. The interior of the aperture is purplish beige to white.
Discussion:-

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Conus  colombianus  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas,  p. 114,  pl. 17,  f. 11 & 12
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Islas del Rosario, Colombia; 35 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magellanicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-magellanicus colombianus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Colombia
Habitat:-Found around 35 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for genus, stocky, broad across shoulder; spire low, flattened; shoulder sharp-angled; body whorl smooth, with 10 small spiral cords around anterior end; spire with 4 spiral threads; shell pale yellow with 4 closely- spaced brown lines around body whorl just below {anterior of) mid- body; brown flammules and white blotches run through 4 lines and extend over anterior tip; body whorl above (posterior of)   mid- body line without markings or pattern; spire marked with large, evenly-spaced orange-tan flammules; spire flammules extend onto sharp edge of shoulder, giving shoulder checkered appearance; interior of aperture white.
Discussion:-Filmer has as synonym of C. magellicanus but Western Atlantic DB has as synonym of C. amphiurgus.
Although dead- collected and quite faded, enough characteristics remain to show that Conus colombianus is quite different from any other known Caribbean cone shell. In shape, and in having a smooth, sharp-angled shoulder, it somewhat resembles C. mayaguensis Usticke from Puerto Rico {endemic to that island), but differs in having a two-toned color pattern, with an unpatterned posterior half and a flammuled and lined anterior half. Conus colombianus appears to belong to the C. magellanicus Hwass species complex and is the only species of the group to have such a two-toned color pattern. A fresh specimen would probably be orange with darker orange- brown markings. This new species may be endemic to the coral reef areas around the archipelago of the Islas del Rosario.
Tucker suggests a grouping with C.  havanensis.

 

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Conus  colorovariegatus  Kosuge, 1981

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IMT Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Bull. Inst. Malacol. Tokyo. I,  no. 6,  p. 94,  pl. 32,  f. 1-5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bohol Is., Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in IMT deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 63.3 x 27.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus neptunus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-neptunus colorovariegatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Found at depths of 120-240 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. neptunus
In form colorovariegatus, network pattern replaced by confluent brown blotches sometimes colouring last whorl solid brown.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  coltrorum  Petuch & Myers, 2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP  Petuch & Myers
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 3 p. 28 – 29 with pic., Figure 1 A & B
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: off Vitoria, Espiritu Santo State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSPdeposited and catalogued
Type Size: 73 x 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-coltrorum
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Brazil
Habitat:-60 m depth
Description:-Original description
Shell large for genus, elongated, slender, with slightly concave sides; shoulder sharply angled but slightly rounded along edge; spire protracted, subpyramidal, elevated, slightly scalariform, with distinctly stepped whorls; spire whorls ornamented with three large spiral cords, with central cord being larger and better developed than cords on either side; body whorl heavily ornamented with 32-36 large, closely-packed spiral cords, with cords becoming stronger and better developed toward anterior end; numerous faint, wrinkle-like longitudinal folds present on body whorl, producing slightly corrugated appearance; aperture uniformly narrow; earliest whorls ornamented with small beads around periphery; body whorl and most of spire pure white in color; interior of aperture pure white; protoconch and early whorls pale tannish-yellow in color; protoconch proportionally large, rounded, composed of two whorls; periostracum thick, adherent, rough-textured, dark brown-black in color.

Discussion:- The species has always been misidentified as “Conus atractus Tomlin, 1937” or “Conus cancellatus Hwass, 1792”

 

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Conus  colubrinus  Lamarck, 1810

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MNHN Mike Filmer

Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv,  p. 433
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mers des Grandes Indes
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus pennaceus Born, 1778
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus colubrinus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique
Habitat:-From the infralittoral fringe to about 50 m; most frequently on subtidal coral reef flats in 0.5-5 m of water, in coral rubble, sand and muddy sand, often under rocks and amongst or under living corals.
Description:-Source Living Conidae    C. pennaceus
Form colubrinus: A narrow form of light orange yellow with white tents
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  columba  Hwass in Bruguiere,  1792

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Lectotype  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Enc. Méth. 1,  p. 709, no. 101, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 334, fig 3)

Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean

Type Locality: Corrected (Vink) Fort de France, Martinique, (Windward Islands)

Type Data: Type figure designated, (Clench) figure in Gualtieri, 1742, pl. 25, fig. G, (fig. 29 x 19 mm)

Type Size: 29 x 19 mm

Nomenclature: An available name

Taxonomy: A form of Conus puncticulatus

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-puncticulatus f. columba

Synonyms:-

Geographic Range:-West Indies

Habitat:-

Description: C. puncticulatus columba differs from typical C. puncticulatus in being often proportionally wider at the shoulder and having more pronounced widely spaced grooves anteriorly. Most specimens are completely white, pinkish white or white with very small faint dots of brown. Juvenile specimens may have brown axial flames, and occasionally large specimens with dark markings like typical C. puncticulatus are found in populations of otherwise perfectly white specimens. Also pustulose forms exist, sometimes only a few cords near the middle of the body whorl are pustulose.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  comatosa  Pilsbry, 1904

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Lectotype of Conus dormitor in ANSP Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 56, 550
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Kikai, Osuma, S Japan.(C. dormitor Pilsbry fossil form)
Type Data: Lectotype in ANSP deposited and catalogued  (C.dormitor)
Type Size: 44 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. dormitor Pilsbry, 1904 (fossil)
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Bathyconus Species:-comatosa
Synonyms:- dormitor Pilsbry, 1904; schepmani Fulton, 1936
Geographic Range:-Japan, Philippines, N. W. Australia, Solomon Is., and New Caledonia; recently reported from Vietnam.
Habitat:-In 80-400 m, in sand and coral rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized and light to moderately solid. Last whorl narrowly conical or conical to usually slightly pyriform; outline straight to slightly convex adapically, straight to slightly concave below. Shoulder sharply angulate to carinate, sometimes also tuberculate, with a rather deep exhalent notch. Spire of moderate height to high, variably stepped; outline concave. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 1.1 mm; type specimens of C. schepmani with 2.5-3 larval whorls. First 6-9, sometimes all postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with radial threads and 1 increasing to 3-5 spiral grooves, and a few spiral striae in latest whorls. Entire last whorl with regularly spaced punctate spiral grooves separating flat ribbons; in large specimens, spiral sculpture weak on adapical fourth.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with 4 spiral rows of brown flecks, often fusing into variably continuous bands, located below shoulder, on both sides of centre and at base. Type specimens of C. schepmani with only 2 bands. Spiral rows of heavily to sparsely developed brown dots and dashes on ribbons of last whorl. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with scattered to closely set brown radial markings, partially with brown dots at outer margins. Aperture translucent white, occasionally with a brown or violet blotch deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 31-50 mm
RW 0.03-0.15 g/mm
RD 0.41-0.56
PMD 0.78-0.88
RSH 0.18-0.26
Two patterns usually strong with four spiral bands of axial brown blotches, fusing to almost create bands; other is weaker with numerous square brown spots on ribs aligned often in axial pattern and poorly defined blotches
Discussion:-. The synonymy of C. schepmani with C. comatosa remains uncertain (Coomans et al., 1986). The type specimens of C. schepmani are subadult; this growth stage may be responsible for a relatively higher spire (RSH 0.28) and heavier spiral sculpture of the last whorl in comparison with adult specimens of typical C. comatosa. The similarities in shape, colour pattern and sculpture of both last whorl and spire provisionally favour synonymy.

 

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Conus  compactus  Wils, 1970

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN Mike Filmer

Published in: Familie Conidae,  p. 12,  pl. 2, f. 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Nossy Be, Madagascar.
Type Data: Lectotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 71 x 43.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhombiconus Species:-imperialis compactus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean.
Habitat:-Intertidal to 240 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C imperialis
C. i. compactus used for shells from Indian Ocean which and broader and have weaker shoulder nodules.

Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  compressus  Sowerby ii, 1866

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

 

Published in: Thes. Conch. Iii,  p. 325, pl. 25 (286),  f. 602-3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-compressus
Synonyms:- atractus Tomlin, 1937
Geographic Range:-S Australia, Houtman Abrolhos
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Original description and type
C. compressus has high stepped spire with rounded margins of whorls. Early whorls are carinate. Slim long eliptical shape of body whorl. White with pinkish orange bands breaking into axial flammules on body and spire.
Sowerby notes that it similar to C. anemone but slimmer with many more turns in given diameter than C. anemone.
Discussion:-RKK consider it a local form of C. anemone from the Houtman Abrolhos (see Kendrick & Ryland, 1981)

 

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Conus  concatenatus  Kiener,  1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Rep. Figure Kiener Plate 110,  fig. 1

Picture Link: Paul kersten

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 362, pl. 110, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Lorois and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-textile concatenatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indo Pacific
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on coral reef from the reef crest to deeper water inside the lagoon and sometimes also on flats of mainland coasts.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. textile
C. concatenatus is a form of C. textile with a very reduced reticulate pattern.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus conco   Puillandre, Stöcklin, Favreau, Bianchi, Perret, Rivasseau, Limpelaër, Monnier & Bouchet, 2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN

Picture Link: Paul KerstenHNH

Published in: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 80 (2014) 186 - 192; Supplementary data 1: Description of Conus conco new species; fig. A1 F - G
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Taioha’e Bay, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: not mentioned; ranging from 37,4 mm to 56,8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-conco
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:- Nuku Hiva, Ua Pou, Tahuata and Ua Huka, Marquesas archipelago
Habitat:-Collected under stones in 8 meters in Tahuata and in crevices between 15 and 30 m in Nuku Hiva
Description:-Source original description
Shell of medium size, ranging from 37.4 mm to 56.8 mm. Shape of the last whorl conical, constant in PMD (average 0.958) and RD (average 0.625). Spire low, with strongly tuberculated shoulder. Average RSH is 0.118. Number of tubercles on the last whorl varies from 10 to 11. Protoconch eroded in all studied specimens and number of its whorls unknown; deep pink in color from observation of the best preserved ones. Adult shell with 11 - 12 teleoconch whorls. Spire outline straight with pointed apex. Sutural ramp shows up to six irregular shallow spiral striae. Last whorl profile very slightly convex in the upper part of the last whorl and straight below.

Aperture slightly widening abapically. Holotype shell smooth on the adapical half of the last whorl and sculptured by narrow widely separated cords on the abapical part. In some specimens shell almost completely smooth, in others cords may be granulose. Shell color barely variable. Spire lavender to purple. First teleoconch whorls may have brown dots between the tubercles. Last whorl with lavender to mauve ground color overlaid with a plain beige coat missing in a wide, diffuse, mid-body and at periphery. Anterior extremity darker than the rest of the body whorl. Aperture deep violet or blue becoming lighter towards the interior and with a paler band in the middle.
Discussion:- C. conco is quite homogeneous with an average size of 48 mm, a minimum of 37.4 mm and a maximum of 56.8 mm (one specimen illustrated by Röckel et al. (1995). Conus lividus differs from C. conco by its colour. The former is olive or yellowish brown; the spire and shoulder are completely white. No shell of C. lividus shows lavender to purple background color. Conus sanguinolentus, which is sympatric with the new species in the Marquesas, has brown spots between the spire tubercles but it never has a lavender to purple background color; pustules are more frequently present on the abapical cords.

 

 

----------

 

Conus  concolor  Sowerby ii,  1841

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype  unicolor  Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 54,  f. 59
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Designated Solomon Islands  (C. unicolor Sowerby, 1834)
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued (C. unicolor)
Type Size: 45 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. unicolor Sowerby 1834.
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus hyaena Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-hyaena concolor subsp.
Synonyms:- unicolor Sowerby ii, 1834
Geographic Range:-C. h. concolor known from the Solomon Is. and Papua New Guinea, recently reported from the Indonesian area.
Habitat:-C. h. concolor subtidal between 3 and 30 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. hyaena
C. h. concolor chocolate brown to almost black, sometimes mid- brown or olivaceous. Occasionally last whorl either maculated with lighter axial streaks or encircled with faint rows of darker dots. Larval whorls beige or pale pink; adjacent teleoconch sutural ramps light brown.
Discussion:-No Data

 

----------

 

Conus  condei  Afonso & Tenorio, 2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCN  Manuel Tenorio

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 3, p. 52 – 54, Fig. 7, pl. 3
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baía Grande do Derrubado on the Northern coast of Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde Archipelago, West Africa
Type Data: Holotype in MNCN, deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20,4 x 12,4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-condei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- This is a shallow water species, rarelyfound deeper than 1.5 metres. It lives in holes and crevices on rocky gravel bottom as well as under small stones and rocks near green mat anemones –benthic cnidarians (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia)
Description:-Source: Original description Xenophora Taxonomy
Shell is small to moderately small. Shell is solid, ventricosely to broadly ventricosely conical with a rounded shoulder and a low spire. Spire profile

straight to sigmoid when well-preserved. Sutural ramps are convex, with 3 – 4 spiral cords becoming obsolete in later whorls, often badly eroded. The shell is honey brown colored with fine, equally spaced darker brown spiral lines that occupy the entire body whorl. Most specimens present a thin faded white-dotted band on the lower portion of the body whorl. The spire is darker brown, occasionally speckled with tiny white dots. The aperture is white with a shade of violet on the upper portion. The periostracum is thin, light brown in colour. The operculum is small.

Shells of A. condei sp. nov. are subject to spire and dorsal erosion, correction scars and calcareous algae incrustations. This is a relatively rare and seldom seen species.

Discussion:-

 

----------

 

Conus  condensus  Sowerby ii, 1866

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Thes. Conch..iii,  pl. 26 (287),  f. 622

 

Published in: Thes. Conch.. iii,  p. 326,  pl. 26 (287),  f. 622
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Sandwich Is. [erroneous]
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Thes. Conch..iii,  p. 326,  pl. 26 (287),  f. 622
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus canonicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name condensus

 

----------

 

Conus  confusa  Bozzetti,  2010  A nomen nudum, only listed for reference

 

Published in: Malacologia 69
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not Known
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum), described as a form post 1960.
Taxonomy: Not applicable
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name confusa

 

----------

 

Conus  congruens  Korn, W. & G.  Raybaudi Massilia, 1993

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer

Published in: La Conchiglia xxv,  no. 268,  p. 33, f. 1,  1a-1c,  3, 6,  pl. 1, f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Aden, off northern Somalia.
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 10.9 x 5.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus biraghii Raybaudi, G.(Massilia), 1992
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Lilliconus Species:-biraghii congruens subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Djibouti, Gulf of Aden
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. b. congruens with an often less ventricose last whorl. Shoulder often irregularly undulate due to weak axial subshoulder costae. Spire high, stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls, with widely spaced fine radial ridges; maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Postnuclear spire whorls usually smooth, sometimes irregularly undulate due to very weak axial subshoulder costae. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, often with 1 increasing to 2-3 weak or distinct spiral grooves in early whorls; spiral sculpture obsolete on late ramps. Last whorl with spiral ribs basally and 1-2 distinct spiral grooves just below shoulder; subshoulder grooves may be visible in stepped preceding spire whorls.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  consors  Sowerby  ii, 1833

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Conch. Ill.Sowerby i (1833,  Pt. 36, fig. 42)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 36, f. 42
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Singapore
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby i (1833, Pt. 36, fig. 42)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors
Synonyms:- anceps A. Adams, 1854; innexus A. Adams, 1854; daullei Crosse, 1858; poehlianus Sowerby iii, 1887; turschi da Motta, 1985
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific to Marshall Is., Melanesia and Queensland; absent from Red Sea
Habitat:-Slightly subtidal to 200 m; in sand and silt. Form poehlianus to 35 m in adult stage and to 50 m in juvenile stage, near river mouths, on reef and fore-reef; in silt, coral sand and rubble with sand, often beneath rotting logs . In New Caledonia, form anceps and typical form from 5 m on the reef to 67 m within the lagoon ; in Philippines, both forms in 40-80 m but may range to 200 m. Type specimens of form turschi from 35-75 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to heavy. Last whorl narrowly conical or narrowly conoid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, straight below and sometimes slightly concave at centre. Siphonal fasciole varies from weak to prominent. Shoulder sharply angulate to almost rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to slightly convex. Larval shell of about 3 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Adults of 50-90 mm with about 9-11 postnuclear whorls, the first 4-8 tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with 2 increasing to 5-8 spiral grooves; occasionally latest ramps with 10-12 variably fine spiral grooves. Last whorl with spiral grooves at base, separating broad ribbons or strong ribs.
Ground colour white to pale brown; in subadult specimens of form poehlianus, white ground suffused with pale brownish violet. Last whorl with 1-2 spiral bands above and 1 band below centre; band nearest shoulder often interrupted or absent, or both adapical bands may fuse. Colour of bands ranges from yellowish brown to violet or dark brown. Dotted, dashed or solid brown spiral lines from base to shoulder, varying in number and arrangement. Form turschi (Pl. 19, Fig. 4; see below) often with additional straight to wavy blackish brown axial streaks or blotches. Larval shell brown. Early postnuclear sutural ramps with regularly set brown dots at outer margin; later ramps with brown radial markings of varying number and prominence. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 50-118 mm
RW 0.20-1.10 g/mm
(L 50-95 mm)
RD 0.44-0.63
PMD 0.77-0.88
RSH 0.08-0.20
C. anceps has yellowish to orange brown banding faint axial blotching;
C. daullei conoid cylindrical to conical with higher spires and dark brown pattern; W Indian Ocean
Discussion:-The nominal species C. consors, C. anceps, C. daullei, C. poehlianus, and C. turschi refer to forms of the same species with overlapping ranges. The typical form is strictly conical and has the broadest last whorl amongst all forms. Form anceps and form poehlianus are narrowly to ventricosely conical, not distinguishable from each other by shell shape, and differ only in the colour pattern (shades of spiral banding yellowish to orangish brown in form anceps vs. light brown to pale violet-brown or almost white in form poehlianus). Subadults of form poehlianus from the Solomon Is., Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu with 2-3 spiral rows of brown clouds and numerous spiral rows of alternating brown and white dots. During growth, the clouded pattern changes to a banded pattern of lighter colour and the dotted spiral lines usually disappear. Form anceps occurs broadly in the Western Pacific, form poehlianus in the Solomon Is., Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea and Philippines. Form turschi is based on a ventricosely conical variant with a distinctive colour pattern; it ranges from W. Thailand to the Solomon Is., Vanuatu and Queensland. Form daullei refers to shells from the western Indian Ocean, which are narrowly conoid-cylindrical to conical, have the highest spires among all forms of C. consors (RSH 0.13- 0.20 vs. 0.08-0.16 in other forms), and a dark brown pattern; this form intergrades in shape and pattern with the typical form in the Western Indian Ocean and with form turschi in W. Thailand. In the Solomon Is., form turschi lives syntopically and intergrades with the forms anceps and poehlianus. In Philippines, the typical form, form anceps, form turschi and form poehlianus all intergrade.

 

 

Conus  consors f. anceps  A.  Adams, 1854

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1854,  p. 119
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moluccas
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 78 x 36 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus consors Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors anceps forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Form anceps occurs broadly in the Western Pacific
Habitat:-Slightly subtidal to 200 m; in sand and silt.
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C. consors
Form anceps is narrowly to ventricosely conical, not distinguishable from each other by shell shape, and differ only in the colour pattern (shades of spiral banding yellowish to orangish brown in form anceps)
Discussion:-No Data

 

 

Conus consors  f.  daullei  Crosse, 1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Rev. Mag. Zool. 2,  p. 119, pl. 2, f. 2, 2 a
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mayotte
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 70 x 33 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus consors Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors daullei forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W Indian Ocean
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C. consors
with the typical form in the Western Indian Ocean and with form turschi in W. Thailand.
Discussion:-Form daullei refers to shells from the western Indian Ocean, which are narrowly conoid-cylindrical to conical, have the highest spires among all forms of C. consors (RSH 0.13- 0.20 vs. 0.08-0.16 in other forms), and a dark brown pattern; this form intergrades in shape and pattern with the typical form in the Western Indian Ocean and with form turschi in W. Thailand.

 

 

Conus consors f. poehlianus  Sowerby iii, 1887

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

Published in: Thes. Conch. v 2nd  suppl. p. 257,  pl. 31 (509),  f.  682
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Ireland
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 48 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus consors Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors poehlianus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines - New Guinea
Habitat:-Form poehlianus to 35 m in adult stage and to 50 m in juvenile stage, near river mouths, on reef and fore-reef; in silt, coral sand and rubble with sand, often beneath rotting logs.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. consors
In subadult specimens of form poehlianus, white ground suffused with pale brownish violet. Last whorl with 1-2 spiral bands above and 1 band below centre; band nearest shoulder often interrupted or absent, or both adapical bands may fuse. Colour of bands ranges from yellowish brown to violet or dark brown. Dotted, dashed or solid brown spiral lines from base to shoulder, varying in number and arrangement

Shell Morphometry
L 50-118 mm
RW 0.20-1.10 g/mm
(L 50-95 mm)
RD 0.44-0.63
PMD 0.77-0.88
RSH 0.08-0.20
Form poehlianus is narrowly to ventricosely conical, not distinguishable from each other by shell shape, and differ only in the colour pattern (shades of spiral banding yellowish to orangish brown.

 

 

Conus consors  f.  turschi  da Motta, 1985

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 5,  p. 3, pl. 1,  f. 1 & 2, pl. 2, f. 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Andaman Sea off Kantang, Thailand; 35-70 m
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 82.5 x 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus consors Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors turschi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W. Thailand to the Solomon Is., Vanuatu and Queensland.
Habitat:-Type specimens of form turschi from 35-75 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C. consors
Discussion:-Form turschi is based on a ventricosely conical variant with a distinctive colour pattern; it ranges from W. Thailand to the Solomon Is., Vanuatu and Queensland.

 

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Conus  conspersus  Reeve, 1844

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Conch. Icon. I,  Conus,  pl. 47,  sp. 262
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: not known, designated (C, M & W) the Moluccas, Indonesia.
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Reeve (1844,  Pl. 47,  sp. 262)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus spectrum Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-spectrum conspersus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines; Indonesia, Australia
Habitat:-Shallow water to 50 m
Description:-Source Filmer review in Visaya 2011
grooves. The color is ivory-white to pale cream with many axially aligned yellow, orange or pale tan blotches which vary in size and intensity. The shoulder is angulate to slightly rounded. The body whorl is convex below the shoulder and then almost straight. There are numerous rather fine spiral grooves which are stronger at the base. The ground color is ivory-white to cream.The pale yellowish-orange blotches may be dense or quite diffuse in different specimens.. There are numerous very fine pale brown to orange hair-like spiral lines on the body whorl, these lines may, in some specimens, be composed of fine dots. The aperture is rather wide especially towards the base. The interior of the aperture  is white to very pale fleshy white.
Discussion:-

 

----------

 

Conus  continua  Bozzetti, 2010  A nomen nudum; only listed for reference

 

Pictures:

Published in: Malacologia 68, 12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not Known
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum), described as form of subspecies post 1960
Taxonomy: Not applicable
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name

 

----------

 

Conus  convolutus  Sowerby ii,  1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Thes. Conch. Iii, p. 44,  pl. 23 (209),  f. 564
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lectotype (C, M & W) in BMNH; designated (Lauer) Madagascar
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 59 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-omaria convolutus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Shallow subtidal to about 50 m, as deep as 100 m in W. Thailand; on coral reefs and in reef lagoons, in sand and rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C. omaria
C. convolutus refers to Indian Ocean specimens with straight-sided apices.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  corallinus  Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in collection Dupont. Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. pl. 73,  f. 2

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,  p. 246, pl. 73, f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mactan Is, Cebu (C,M&W)
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Dupont. and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Leporiconus Species:-corallinus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Okinawa to Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 6-240 m, associated with corals, sponges and sea-weed and among coral rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, light. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical third, straight below. Shoulder angulate to subangulate. Spire of moderate height, outline straight to domed. Larval shell of 3- 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly convex, with 0-3 increasing to 4-7 fine spiral grooves, inconspicuous on latest ramps. Last whorl with spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour pale grey to pink. Last whorl with orange to pink, sometimes olive-brown to dark brown clouds and streaks, usually leaving a maculated light spiral band at centre; usually interrupted spiral ground-colour zones at base and centre. Often spiral rows of dark dashes or dots extending from base to shoulder. Larval whorls orange to pink. Postnuclear sutural ramps with darker radial lines and blotches. Aperture violet, with exterior pattern shining through.
Shell Morphometry
L 15-30 mm
RW 0.02-0.06 g/mm
(L 19-29 mm)
RD 0.52-0.61
PMD 0.81-0.93
RSH 0.17-0.23
Discussion:-

 

----------

 

Conus  corbieri  Blöcher,  1994

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: World Shells (10),  p. 50, figs 5 - 7

Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: Salary, southwestern Madasgascar

Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued

Type Size: 54.6 x 29.4 mm

Nomenclature: An available name

Taxonomy: A subspecies

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus corbieri

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:-Madagascar

Habitat:- In lagoon in shallow water

Description:  A color form with a reduced pattern with blotches and thin lined irregular tents, background white or whitish orange; last whorl conoid cylindrical.

 

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Conus  cordigera  Sowerby ii,  1866

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Thes. Conch.. iii,  p. 329,  pl. 21 (207),  f. 498
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 61 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Eugeniconus Species:-cordigera
Synonyms:- bitleri da Motta, 1984
Geographic Range:-Palawan and Sulu Archipelago (Philippines) to N. Timor Sea and Java (E. Indonesia).
Habitat:-Intertidal to 20 m; on sand or mud
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid; specimens described as C. bitleri somewhat smaller and more solid than typical shells. Last whorl conical to conoid-cylindrical, broader and conical to ventricosely conical in specimens described as C. bitleri; outline convex at adapical fourth, less so or straight below. Shoulder angulate. Spire low, outline concave; apex may project from an otherwise flat spire. Larval shell of about 2 whorls; maximum diameter about 0.6-0.7 mm. First 4-6 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, slightly concave in late whorls, with prominent axial threads; 4-6 major spiral grooves on later ramps, sometimes weaker and often containing spiral threads in latest whorls. Last whorl with variably wide spiral grooves on basal third or somewhat beyond, separating ribs and ribbons.
Last whorl with a light yellowish brown to brown network of coarse lines and blotches, edging rather large white tents and flecks sometimes with darker outlining toward outer lip. Pattern often concentrates into adapical and abapical brown spiral bands. Shells with regularly reticulate pattern intergrade with shells with prominent spiral colour bands and with shells with a reduced network and large, often confluent white markings (described as C. bitleri). Apex white. Later sutural ramps with radial lines, streaks or blotches coalescing with last whorl pattern and of the same colour. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-72 mm
(-form bitleri 30-43 mm)
RW 0.13-0.42 g/mm
(L 35-60 mm; -form bitleri 0.22-0.32 g/mm; (L 30-36 mm))
RD 0.50-0.58
(-form bitleri 0.59-0.68)
PMD 0.82-0.90
RSH 0.01-0.11
(-form bitleri 0.05-0.13)
Discussion:-C. cordigera closely resembles C. nobilis. The latter species differs mainly in its non-tuberculate early and carinate later postnuclear whorls, and its coarse alternating brown and white spiral lines within the larger solid brown areas of its last whorl. Whether specimens from the Sulu Archipelago, described as C. bitleri, represent a form of sympatric C. cordigera or a separate species, can only be decided on the basis of reliable data on their anatomy. In Balabac, Palawan, typical specimens of C. cordigera intergrade with specimens of C. bitleri.

 

 

Conus cordigera f.  bitleri  da Motta, 1984

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: La Conchiglia xvi, no. 178-9,  p. 24,  f. 1a-b
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Baliungan Id., Tawi Tawi Group, Celebes
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41.2 x 24.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus cordigera Sowerby ii, 1866
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Eugeniconus Species:-cordigera bitleri forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Tawi Tawi, Palawan, Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal to 20 m; on sand or mud
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. cordigera

Last whorl conical to conoid-cylindrical, broader and conical to ventricosely conical in specimens described as C. bitleri; outline convex at adapical fourth, less so or straight below. Shoulder angulate. Spire low, outline concave.
Shell obconical to low conical, squat and and moderately heavy, having nine flat surfaced spire whorls, finely threaded, topped by a projecting apex, with closely coiled suture; shoulder subangulate, concave on top, with ovately convex sides. Body whorl is white, decorated with light coffee-brown reticulations of rhomboid and heart shapes linked closely together throughout its surface, with two narrow clusters of coffee brown patches forming an interrupted spiral band below the shoulder, and another, above the anterior end. Occasional over-sized and distorted white patches disarange the otherwise regular pattern of the reticulations. Spire is entirely white in the earlier whorls, but the last three are tessellated with brown-and-white. Body whorl is smooth-surfaced with a dull gloss, but the basal end is incised with about seventeen rows of transverse sulci. Aperture is white and is slightly arching and flaring towards the base.

Shell Morphometry
L 30-43 mm
RW 0.13-0.42 g/mm
form bitleri 0.22-0.32 g/mm; (L 30-36 mm)
RD 0.59-0.68
RSH 0.05-0.13
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  coriolisi  Moolenbeek  &  Richard, 1995

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. clxvii, p. 578,  figs. 12 & 13
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lord Howe Rise, Capel Bank, Coral Sea. (25deg 29' S. 159deg 46' E); 240 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44.6 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: valid: Puillandre et al. Zoologica Scripta, 40, 350 - 363
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Bathyconus Species:-orbignyi coriolisi subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia; Coral Sea
Habitat:-Found at 150-550 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized in C. o. coriolisi, medium sized to large in C. o. orbignyi, to moderately large in C. o. elokismenos, light to moderately solid. Last whorl often pyriform, also narrowly conical or narrowly conoid- cylindrical in C. o. orbignyi, also conical or narrowly conical in C. o. coriolisi and conical to ventricosely conical in C. o. elokismenos; outline slightly convex at adapical two-thirds, concave to straight below. Siphonal canal often deflected to the dorsal side. Aperture very narrow. Shoulder angulate to sharply angulate, with weak tubercles often disappearing toward aperture in large specimens; exhalent notch rather deep. Spire high, stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of about 4 whorls, maximum diameter 0.85-1 mm. Postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with 0-1 increasing to 5-7 spiral grooves and with radial threads; in C. o. elokismenos spiral sculpture weaker on late ramps than in C. o. orbignyi. Entire last whorl with axially striate spiral grooves and ribbons between; 1-2 spiral ribs replacing ribbons just below shoulder. In C. o. orbignyi, spiral ribbons generally narrower and grooves wider than in C. o. elokismenos; some wide ribbons divided into pairs of narrow ribbons. In C. o. elokismenos, wide ribbons with spiral striae and surface sculpture weak on adapical fourth. In C. o. coriolisi, ribbons weak to obsolete adapically.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with rectangular brown spots on ribbons, aligned axially and also clustering in 3 spiral bands, below shoulder and on both sides of centre. In C. o. elokismenos, spots of adapical band variably fused into axial streaks. In C. o. coriolisi, pattern reduced to 3 interrupted bands. Larval whorls white to pale brown, often with a brown sutural line. Postnuclear sutural ramps with irregular brown streaks and brown spots at outer margin, often between tubercles. Aperture white, dark cream deep within.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conorbis  coromandelicus  Smith, 1894

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in ZSIC ZSIC Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6,  p. 159,  pl. iv,  f. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal
Type Data: Syntype in ZSIC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Pseudoconorbis Species:-coromandelicus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bay of Bengal (Coromandel coast), Sri Lanka, Gulf of Oman.
Habitat:-Found at depths of 70-400 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical or conoid-cylindrical to pyriform; outline convex to straight adapically, straight to concave (right side) or concave (left side) below. Shoulder subangulate to rounded, slightly undulate. Spire high, outline almost straight. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 5-7 postnuclear whorls with many small tubercles, following whorls undulate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 0 increasing to 2 broad spiral grooves and arcuate radial threads, leaving a strongly granulose subsutural ridge and 2 less granulose spiral ribs, below centre and at outer margin. Last whorl heavily sculptured with about 20 prominent smooth or granulose spiral ribs and axially striate wide grooves between.
Ground colour white to light brown, Last whorl with darker brown lines on ribs. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with irregular brown radial markings. Aperture white or pale brown.
Shell Morphometry
L 29-38 mm
RW 0.07-0.11 g/mm
RD 0.59-0.63
PMD 0.75-0.81
RSH 0.25-0.29
Discussion:-C. coromandelicus is the only recent species placed in the genus Conorbis. We include this genus in the Conidae, because partial resorbtion of inner walls, a hallmark of Conus, also occurs in Conorbis.

 

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Conus  coronatus  Gmelin, 1791

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Neotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Living Animal: David Massemin  New Caledonia

 

Published in: Syst. Nat. 13th ed. Vol. 1, pt,  p. 3389
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Australia (based on neotype)
Type Data: Neotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Miliariconus Species:-coronatus
Synonyms:- coronalis Röding, 1798; parvus Gebauer, J. J., 1802; aristophanes Sowerby ii, 1857; condoriana Crosse & Fischer, 1864
Geographic Range:-Entire Indo-Pacific
Habitat:-Intertidal Reefs to 10m in areas of sand
Description:-Small to medium-sized, moderately light to solid. Last whorl usually broadly to broadly ventricosely conical or even ovate; outline faintly to pronouncedly convex; left side straight to concave at base. Aperture variably wider at base than at shoulder. Shoulder subangulate to angulate, tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave to convex. Larval shell multispiral. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate to strongly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with 1-7 spiral grooves in later whorls; last ramp may have additional spiral striae. Last whorl variable in surface sculpture; largely smooth shells with well separated faint spiral ribs at base grade into shells with distinct granulose ribs from base to adapical third.
Ground colour pale grey, pale beige to pink or pale purple; often with several shades merging together. Last whorl with pale, occasionally obsolete spiral bands below shoulder and centre. Variously sized markings of brown, black or olive, spirally aligned on either side of subcentral band, either separate or fusing into 2 solid colour bands. Variably spaced spiral rows of alternating white and dark dots or dashes from base to shoulder; occasionally, with additional diagonal or zigzag-shaped opaque white markings. Larval whorls grey or light violet to red. Teleoconch spire radially maculated with varying brown to black blotches or bundles of fine lines. Aperture bluish to brownish grey, with pale bands below shoulder and centre.
Shell Morphometry
L 20-47 mm
RW 0.08-0.45 g/mm
RD 0.68-0.84
PMD 0.69-0.89
RSH 0.10-0.23
Discussion:-C. coronatus resembles the typical form of C. m. miliaris in shell characters and often also in the colouration of the animal. Typical C. m. miliaris can be distinguished by its generally less ventricose last whorl, consistently angulate shoulder with generally more prominent tubercules and in the presence of a central pad as well as an abapical ridge within the aperture. C. miliaris lacks the variously sized brown or olive markings on the last whorl, the spiral rows of dots and dashes finer, and white instead of dark markings are the dominant pattern element. In addition, the aperture of C. m. miliaris is paler brownish, pinkish and violet, rather than blue, grey and darker brown). Where both species occur sympatrically, differences can usually be observed in the distribution pattern across the habitat, the diet composition and the microhabitats chosen. Some specimens of C. coronatus are similar to C. abbreviatus in shell shape and colouration but differ in the colour of animals and apertures (bluesh to brownish grey vs. brownish violet); the intermittent white markings are absent from the dotted spiral lines on the last whorl of C. abbreviatus. In Tahiti, Fiji and Philippines, typical C. coronatus and a form corresponding with C. aristophanes as redescribed by Cernohorsky (1964), differ in a number of shell caracters as well as in habitat. Form aristophanes has a narrower, less ventricose last whorl with a straighter outline, and fewer spiral grooves on the later sutural ramps. It more often has a bluish or greyish last whorl with more pronounced pale spiral bands. In other regions (e.g. Solomon Is., Japan, Maldives, Oman and Zanzibar), the two forms intergrade. In the type locality of C. aristophanes, Philippines Is., they are separable. Based on data from such areas, Cernohorsky (1964) and Lewis (1979) considered C. aristophanes a valid species. However, data from the entire range favour ranking C. aristophanes as as a form of C. coronatus. Coomans et al. (1981) reached the same conclusion.

 

 

Conus  coronatus  f.  aristophanes  Sowerby ii,  1857

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

Published in: Thes. Conch. Iii,  p. 9, pl. 4 (190),  f. 81 &  82
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines and Sandwich Is.
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Miliariconus Species:-coronatus aristophanes forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Tahiti, Fiji and Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal to 10m in sand.
Description:-Source Living Conidae    C. coronatus

Form aristophanes has a narrower, less ventricose last whorl with a straighter outline, and fewer spiral grooves on the later sutural ramps. It more often has a bluish or greyish last whorl with more pronounced pale spiral bands.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus cossignanii  Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Malacologia 83, p. 18 -19
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Praia Real, Maio, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28.5 x 14.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-cossignanii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde
Habitat:- the specimens studied were found to be 0.5 to 5 meters deep, over and under rock
Description:-
Shell of medium size ( 25 to 31 mm) with pear-shaped profile; moderately high spire, almost smooth, with visible sutures, slightly concave, crossed by two small grooves spirally; the coloring of the spire comprises white maculations alternating with darker greenish-brown speckles. The protoconch is small and domed.

The aperture is wide with internal blue colour becoming brownish near the lip edge. The aperture is almost aligned.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  couderti  Bernardi, 1860

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Figure J. Conch 1860,  pl. iv,  f. 3 & 4

 

Published in: J. Conchyl. Viii,  p. 212,  pl. iv,  f. 3 & 4.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Coudert and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 2 5x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus erythraeensis Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-erythraeensis couderti forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Arabian coast from Jeddah to N. Yemen
Habitat:-Shallow water, to about 15 m. Shells from the Arabian coast from Jeddah to N. Yemen in very quiet shallow lagoons, in sand and amongst eel-grass roots.
Description:-
C. couderti has two spiral irregular wide bands of brown on white/fawn with rows of darks dashes.
Discussion:-Shell from the Caribbean are usually erroneously offered as C. couderti.

 

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Conus  coxeni  Brazier, 1875

 

Pictures:

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1875,  p. 34,  pl. iv,  f. 10
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moreton Bay, Queensland
Type Data: Holotype was in Coxen collection and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 32 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus cyanostoma A. Adams, 1853
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name coxeni

 

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Conus  crassus Sowerby ii, 1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Thes. Conch. iii,  p. 25, pl. 12 (198),  f. 254-5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Fiji. Lectotype (Walls) in BMNH
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44 x 28 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-eburneus crassus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Fiji, New Britain
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 65 m, mostly in 1-25 m. C. eburneus lives primarly in and on sand bottoms of subtidal reef flats, in sand-filled channels, large patches of sand and among weed on sandy or muddy substrate.
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C. eburneus
C. e. crassus: Sides strongly convex below shoulder then concave; producing pyriform outline; spire higher and conical; spiral ridges developed; often has bright reddish brown or orange spots; black spots also found; Fiji to New Britain; uncommon

Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  crioulus  Tenorio,  M. J. and  Afonso,  M. L.,  2004

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Visaya 2,  p. 30
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Praia Real, North coast of Maio Island, Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-crioulus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
The shell has a greenish-brown color with fine equally spaced spiral lines of a darker brown color, interrupted by white dashes and irregular bluish white flecks, tent-shaped in occasions.
The white flecks and dashes coalesce forming a more dense bluish white spiral band around the middle portion of the last whorl or slightly below. The shoulder and the spire are white, overlaid with greenish-brown blotches often by coalescing fine axial irregular hairlines. Some times, the spire pattern is reduced to comma- shaped flecks, or alternatively the greenish- brown fine axial hairlines may cover most of the spire. The area around the base is usua1ly of a darker brown, covered by a pattern of bluish white markings in more or less extent. The aperture is purplish, with two white bands, one in the middle portion and another one in the upper part. The edge of the inner lip shows elements of the external pattern by transparence. The inner part of the aperture is bluish, and the columella purple.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  crocatus  Lamarck,  1810

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv,  p. 424
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mers des Grandes Indes
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 20 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-crocatus
Synonyms:- thailandis da Motta, 1978; magister Doiteau, 1981
Geographic Range:-Pacific Ocean: Japan to Marshall Is., Samoa, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is., Queensland, and New Caledonia; Indian Ocean: W. Thailand, Seychelles, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Mascarenes
Habitat:-In 1-80 m; on coral reef, from lagoon pinnacles to the outer slope of the reef, in sand, muddy sand and coral rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to heavy; typical form to moderately large and solid, form magister larger than other forms. Last whorl conoid-cylindrical to conical or ventricosely conical in typical form, conical in form magister, and conical or ventricosely conical to broadly conical or broadly and ventricosely conical in form thailandis; outline convex at adapical fourth to third, straight below. Shoulder rounded to subangulate, to angulate in form thailandis. Spire of low to moderate height, usually low in form magister; outline straight in typical form, concave in other forms. Larval shell of about 3 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. First 1-2 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave to convex, with 1-2 spiral grooves in earliest whorls increasing to numerous weak spiral striae in following whorls. Last whorl with closely spaced fine spiral ribs basally.
Colour yellowish to orangish or reddish brown, with sparse to numerous white tents and flecks on last whorl and teleoconch spire; white markings evenly distributed or concentrated in spiral bands, sometimes fused into large blotches and flames. Last whorl with very fine, variably spaced, prominent to obsolete, darker brown spiral lines, sometimes articulated with very small white markings. Base dark violet-brown. Apex pinkish white to pinkish orange. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L -
(-typical form 40-82 mm; -form thailandis 50-84 mm; -form magister 70-110 mm)
RW -
(-typical form 0.15-0.45 g/mm, L 40-64 mm; -form thailandis 0.44-1.12 g/mm, L 50-84 mm)
RD -
(-typical form 0.51-0.64; -form thailandis 0.56-0.72; -form magister 0.55-0.64)
PMD 0.81-0.91
RSH 0.07-0.12
Discussion:-C. lamberti is similar to C. crocatus form magister; The conchological differences between typical C. crocatus and C. thailandis do not justify separation at the species level. Subadult shells of the latter may nearly match typical C. crocatus in shape, and intermediate specimens are known from New Britain, Solomon Is., Réunion, Seychelles, Madagascar, and St. Brandon. RKK therefore consider C. thailandis to represent the local form of C. crocatus from the W. Thailand area. Specimens described as C. magister correspond closely to typical C. crocatus in the colour pattern of the animal and to form thailandis in shell characters. RKK consider C. magister to represent a large local form of C. crocatus from the Nouméa area, New Caledonia.

 

 

Conus crocatus f.  magister  Doiteau, 1981

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan

 

Published in: Rossiniana no. xiii,  p. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia; 20 m on muddy bottom.
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 97 x 51 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus crocatus Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-crocatus magister forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Noumea, New Caledonia
Habitat:-Reported from from about 20 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. crocatus
Shell Morphometry
L -
(-form magister 70-110 mm)
RW –

RD -
(-form magister 0.55-0.64)
Discussion:-RKK consider C. magister to represent a large local form of C. crocatus from the Noumea area, New Caledonia.

 

 

Conus crocatus thailandis da Motta, 1978

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Natural Study (Thai). 2, no. 1,  seq. 7,  p. 7, figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Raya Is., Phuket, Thailand; 80-120 ft
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 68 x 41 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus crocatus Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-crocatus thailandis subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Andaman Sea; Thailand; Vietnam
Habitat:-Reported from 20-40 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. crocatus
Shell Morphometry
L -
(-form thailandis 50-84 mm)
RW -
(-form thailandis 0.44-1.12 g/mm, L 50-84 mm)
RD -
(-form thailandis 0.56-0.72)
Discussion:-The conchological differences between typical C. crocatus and C. thailandis do not justify separation at the species level. Subadult shells of the latter may nearly match typical C. crocatus in shape, and intermediate specimens are known from New Britain, Solomon Is., Réunion, Seychelles, Madagascar, and St. Brandon. RKK therefore consider C. thailandis to represent the local form of C. crocatus from the W. Thailand area.

 

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Conus  crosseanus  Bernardi,  1861

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten   “lineata”

 

Published in: J. Conchyl. 9, p. 168,  pl. 6,  f. 5 &  6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 66.8 x 39.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of  Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-marmoreus crosseanus forma
Synonyms:- lineata Crosse, 1878
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 1-15 m. On coral reef platforms and lagoon pinnacles, on coral debris and in sand often under rocks or among weed.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. marmoreu
Shell Morphometry
(form crosseanus 0.60 - 0.67)
PMD 0.85-0.94
RSH 0.05-0.15
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  crotchii  Reeve, 1849

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Conch. Icon. I,  Conus,  Suppl. pl. vi,  sp. 254
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Saldanha Bay (erroneus). Santa Monica, Boavista, Cape Verde Islands
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Cuming and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 29 x 17 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-crotchii
Synonyms:- poppei Elsen, 1983
Geographic Range:-Boavista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found under or among rocks, on a rocky bottom
Description:-Source Röckel & Rolán,  2000
This species has a relatively large shell (adult specimens reaching about 40 mm in total length). The shell is heavy, with slightly convex sides and a short spire, each whorl presenting a rounded convex profile. It has a greenish ground colour, occasionally very light green or even yellowish, sometimes almost black, constantly marked with fine spiral dark brown lines, particularly strong at about mid-body; it usually presents several small or large white blotches, especially interrupting the central accumulation of brown lines. The body whorl is covered with extremely fine axial growth striae that continue on the spire whorls. The suture is well marked and the spire is greenish, occasionally marked with white blotches and presenting very weak spiral grooves.The aperture is bluish, with a very dark narrow zone near the lip, which is thick and straight.
The specimens taken in Gatas Bay were generally larger and darker, presenting less and larger white blotches on the shell.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  cumingii  Reeve, 1848

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Conch. Icon, I,  Conus, Suppl. pl. iii, sp. 282
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mindanao, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 34.3 x 17.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-cumingii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-N. Indian Ocean (India, Sri Lanka. W. Thailand. Indonesia) and W. Pacific (S. Philippines to Solomon Is.)
Habitat:-In 2-50 m, in dark silty sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical; outline variably convex. Shoulder subangulate. Spire of moderate height: outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of about 3.25 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 2-4 teleoconch whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat. with 1 increasing to 6-9 spiral grooves. Last whorl with often granulose spiral ribs near base.
Ground colour white. Last whorl overlaid with broad olive. orange or dark brown spiral bands, leaving only a white central band and a spiral row of white blotches at the shoulder; central band edged by dark brown dotted and dashed spiral lines. Last whorl variably encircled with darker spiral lines or spiral rows of dots and dashes. Larval shell pink. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial streaks and blotches. Aperture bluish white to light violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-40 mm
RW 0.13-0.19 g/mm
(L 30-37 mm)
RD 0.60-0.70
PMD 0.79-0.89
RSH 0.10-0.17
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  cuna  Petuch,  1998

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in FMNH Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: La Conchiglia xxx,  no. 287,  p. 30, figs. 9 &.10
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Moro Tupo Is., San Blas Is., Panama; 3m
Type Data: Holotype in FMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gladioconus Species:-cuna
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Panama (E)
Habitat:-In sand under coral slab at 3 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for genus, elongated, with high spire; shell surface highly sculptured with large, very numerous, closely packed spiral threads, giving shell rough texture; shoulder angled; spire whorls ornamented with 4 spiral cords; protoconch exserted, mammillate; shell color pinkish-brown with scattered large, irregular blue patches; mid-body with large, wide pale blue band; mid-body band sometimes overlaid with irregular small, dark brown flammules and patches; some specimens uniformly deep blue color, without brown patches; protoconch and early whorls bright salmon-orange; interior of aperture purplish-brown with wide white band.
Discussion:-Conus cuna is superficially similar to the common and widespread Conus mus Hwass, 1792, but differs in being a more slender and elongated shell with a higher spire, and in having bright salmon-orange early whorls and protoconch.

 

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Conus  cuneiformis  Smith, 1877

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

Published in: J. Conchol. I,  p. 202,  text-fig.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25.2 x 14.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus inscriptus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-inscriptus cuneiformis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-India
Habitat:-Found at depths of 10-80 m
Description:-
Almost completely white shells of C. inscriptus from India were described as C. cuneiformis.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  cuneolus  Reeve,  1843

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Conch. Icon.. I,  Conus,  pl. 37, sp. 205
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Sal Island, Cape Verde Islands
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33.1 x 20.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-cuneolus
Synonyms:-

Geographic Range:-Cape Verde
Habitat:-Shallow Water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy with a good gloss;obconic,the sides nearly straight,parallel below shoulder;body whorl with basal striae otherwise smooth except for weak axial and spiral threads;shoulder broad,strongly angled,concave above;spire low,slightly stepped;body whorl whitish heavily covered with 3-4 bands of deep brown/blackish brown ,broad band at base;bands crossed by irregular bands and flammules to produce cross hatch pattern;the white background may shoow through as squarish spots near midbody or as fine zigzag marks over shell;base all brown;shoulder marked with brown white axial lines as is spire;tip pale violet;aperture narrow widening anteriorly;outer lip thin sharp,straight;mouth whitish with pink violet tones;columella short sometimes bounded by ridge;
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  curassaviensis  Hwass in Bruguiere,  1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau (1798,  pl. 316, fig. 4)

Picture Link: Paul kersten

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 602
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Aruba; Island of Curaçao, (erroneous), corrected (Vink & von Cosel) Aruba, (Netherlands Antilles).
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798: pl. 316, fig. 4)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-curassaviensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Aruba Dutch Antilles
Habitat:-Found at shallow depths of 2-5 m
Description:-Source Vink
A relatively fat shell, 40 to 50 mm., with moderately elevated to high, slightly concave- sided spire. Body whorl convex- sided, early whorls tuberculated, later whorls smooth and often somewhat canaliculate. Surface with weak spiral threads near the base, but not granulated, except in small juvenile specimens. 'Internal restriction' within the aperture weak to very weak. Animal bright red, operculum small but somewhat longish, about 1/6 ofaperture height. Radular tooth described and pic- tured by Vink & Cosel. Periostracum thin, yellowish. Colour white with maculations or isolated patches of yellowish brown, orange, reddish brown or black. Background not always evenly white, but showing pale bluish and pinkish hues causing the dark areas to be often not well delimited. In addition spiral rows of white and brown dots and dashes placed close together.
Discussion:-C. curassaviensis could be confused with C. mappa (which is larger with a more straight-sided body whorl, more canaliculate spire whorls and a more developed  'internal restriction' within the aperture), with C. aurantius (which is more slender with a tuberculated shoulder of the body whorl) and with C. pseudaurantius (which has a lower spire and a tuberculated shoulder of the body whorl).

 

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Conus  curralensis  Rolan, 1986

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 6,  p. 10, f. 1B
Ocean geography:East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Curral, Santa Luzia; 1-3 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20.7 x 12.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-curralensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Santa Luzia, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found at depths around 2m among rocks
Description:-Source Original description translation
The seashell is obconical with slightly raised spire, barely stepped. Its color is always a little gaudy, oscillating among cream, yellow, siena, light green olive and intermediate tones. The pattern consists of white areas, mostly in form of zig-zag or of oblique lines, that dominate in a band situated a little under the middle of the last whorl, in the shoulder and, frequently, in another narrow band between them. Spire also has white areas alternating with the darker color of the background. Frequently can be appreciated a narrow band, yellowish and in general lighter, under the shoulder, visible by transparency. Some specimens have very numerous white areas and in other, reduced smaller marks that give it a reticulate aspect. Spiral lines of color never seen. There are some prominent little grooves in the base. There is not sexual dimorphism. The interior is whitish, revealing near the mouth a somewhat brownish color, interrupted by two lighter lines. The nucleus of the protoconch is white, although it is only possible to observe it in the juvenile specimens. The operculum is small and oval, extended frequently. The periostracum is fine, somewhat transparent, matt, and not rough. The animal is of reddish color to maroon with visible gray zones with magnification.
Discussion:-Although included in C. decoratus Röckel, Rolán and Monteiro, 1980 by its pattern, it is evident that by its pattern, its silhouette and its radula, there would be more similarity to C. cuneolus Reeve, 1844.

 

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Conus  cuvieri  Crosse, 1858

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in IRSN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Rev. Mag. Zool. 2, p. 123
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Swan River, Australia (erroneus) corrected to Djibouti.(C. cervus Sowerby, 1838)
Type Data: Lectotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued (C.deshayesii)
Type Size:51.2 x 27.4mm
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. deshayesii Reeve 1843
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Gastridium Species:-cuvieri
Synonyms:- deshayesii Reeve, 1843
Geographic Range:-S. Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
Habitat:-In shallow calm water amongst fine rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light. Last whorl ovate to ventricosely conical, outline convex; left side straight or slightly concave toward base. Aperture broad at base. Shoulder angulate. Spire usually low; outline concave, often with apex projecting from an otherwise almost flat spire. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls, maximum diameter about 1 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 0-1 increasing to 5-6 weak spiral grooves. Last whorl with weak spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour pale grey. Last whorl with olive to brown axial lines, streaks and blotches, often fusing into a broad interrupted or continuous spiral band on each side of centre. Numerous closely spaced spiral rows of irregularly alternating brown and white dots and dashes extend from base to shoulder. Larval whorls and adjacent 2.5 postnuclear sutural ramps dark brown. Later sutural ramps with light to blackish brown radial streaks. Aperture translucent.
Shell Morphometry
L 32-49 mm
RW 0.06-0.09 g/mm
(L 32-44 mm)
RD 0.57-0.66
PMD 0.68-0.77
RSH 0.07-0.13
Discussion:-C. cuvieri differs from C. fragilissimus and C. obscurus by its broader last whorl (RD 0.57-0.66) and by the absence of shoulder tubercles from its early and later postnuclear whorls. The sympatric C. fragilissimus has a primarily reticulate pattern, while C. obscurus has a generally higher spire with a rather straight outline (RSH 0.11-0.16) and a cylindrical rather than ovate last whorl.

 

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Conus  cuyoensis  Lorenz  &  Barbier,  2012

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Original Description

Picture Link: Paul kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten   White specimen

 

Published in: Acta Conch. 11, 3,  pls 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cuyo, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29.3mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus vidua Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-vidua cuyoensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Palawan, Philippines
Habitat:-Shallow, subtidal to 90 m, mostly encountered in 5-20 m
Description:-Source Original description
Small to medium sized, broadly conical, solid and heavy. Last whorl slightly ventricose, rather dull, the anterior half with densely spaced nodulose spirals. Orange colored.
Discussion:-The authors raised Conus vidua to the status of a valid species and described these orange shells as a subspecies of Conus vidua.

 

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Conus  cyanostoma  A. Adams, 1853

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1854,  p. 116
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: West Africa (Cuming) erroneous, corrected to Keppel Bay, Queensland, Australia
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27 x 15.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Austroconus  Species:-cyanostoma
Synonyms:- coxeni Brazier, 1875; innotabilis Smith, 1892
Geographic Range:-Queensland - N New South Wales
Habitat:-Typical form in shallow water to about 55 m; form innotabilis in 40-150 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical to broadly conical or broadly and ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, less so below; left side slightly concave near base. Shoulder angulate, sometimes subangulate. Spire usually of moderate height, outline concave to slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of 1.75-2 whorls; maximum diameter 0.7-0.8 mm in typical form, 0.8-1.1 mm in form innotabilis. First 3-4 postnuclear whorls smooth to very weakly tuberculate in typical form, weakly to distinctly tuberculate in form innotabilis. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 0-1 increasing to 3-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably spaced, axially striate spiral grooves on basal third to two-thirds and with 2-3 additional grooves just below shoulder; intervening ribbons narrow toward base and at shoulder. In form innotabilis, entire last whorl with strong spiral grooves.
Ground colour light bluish-grey in typical form, white to pinkish violet in form innotabilis. In typical form, last whorl without pattern or with orangish brown to brown spots and flecks forming spiral bands below shoulder, above centre and often within basal third. Spiral rows of alternating brown dots and pale grey dashes extend from base to shoulder, varying in number and prominence. Form innotabilis differs in the yellowish brown to orange colour of the pattern. Larval whorls white, sometimes grading to pale olive in typical form. Postnuclear sutural ramps with radial lines to blotches extending beyond outer margins and matching last whorl pattern in colour. In typical form, aperture violet, demarcated from the margin by a brown collabral band; form innotabilis with an orange aperture.
Shell Morphometry
L 17-32 mm
RW 0.04-0.15 g/mm
(L 17-27 mm)
RD 0.66-0.74
PMD 0.79-0.89
RSH 0.15-0.22
(- form innotabilis 0.12 - 0.26 )
C.  innotabilis 12 mm – 26 mm has strong spiral grooves on body whorl, white to pinkish violet and yellowish brown to orange in the pattern.
Discussion:-C. cyanostoma cannot be confused with adult specimens of any of its Indo-Pacific congeners. Erosion allows no data on the apices of the 2 syntypes of C. innotabilis they otherwise match the deeper-subtidal shells of C. cyanostoma. RKK therefore apply the form name innotabilis to these shells. C. coxeni is known only by the original figure showing a shell with a straight-sided high spire (RSH ca. 0.33) and a broad last whorl (RD ca. 0.78), strongly sculptured on its basal two-thirds. The figure does not match typical C. cyanostoma nor form innotabilis satisfactorily. RKK  provisionally assign C. coxeni to C. cyanostoma as a form or an aberrant specimen, although it might represent a separate species.

 

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Conus  cylindraceus  Broderip  &  Sowerby, 1830

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of  Lectotype Broderip & Sowerby (1830,  Pl. 40,  fig. 5)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Zool. Journ. 5,  f. 5,  Feb.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia; Type locality not known, designated (C, M & W) New Caledonia
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Broderip & Sowerby (1830, Pl. 40 fig. 5)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Leporiconus Species:-cylindraceus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Central Indian Ocean to French Polynesia and Hawaii.
Habitat:-In 1-25 m, in coral rubble and on sand under corals.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, light to moderately light. Last whorl narrowly ovate or ventricosely conical; outline convex. Shoulder indistinct. Spire high; outline convex. Larval shell of about 3.25 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7-0.8 mm. First 3-4 teleoconch whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly convex, with 1 distinct spiral groove in early whorls and 2-6 very weak grooves in later whorls. Last whorl glossy, almost smooth or with weak, finely granulose spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with distinct, yellowish to dark brown axial flames, blotches and lines; one spiral ground colour band below shoulder and often another below centre, crossed by axial lines. Apex white. Later sutural ramps with brown radial blotches. Aperture white to bluish-white.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-49 mm
RW 0.04-0.05 g/mm
(L 24-40 mm)
RD 0.46-0.56
PMD 0.67-0.80
RSH 0.27-0.32
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to all images remains with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals. The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on home page.


Last update  September 2014