Conus amadis Gmelin, 1791
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in ZMUC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Syst.
Nat. 13th ed. Vol. 1, pt, p. 3388, no.
32
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: not known, designated (C, M & W) Rameswaram, India,
lectotype from Nicobar Islands.
Type Data: Lectotype in ZMUC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 78 x 41 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-amadis
Synonyms:- amadis Hwass in
Bruguiere, 1792; venustus Röding,
1798; castaneofasciata Dautzenberg,
1937; aurantia Dautzenberg, 1937; subacutus Fenaux, 1942; arbornatalis da Motta, 1978;
Geographic Range:-Nicobar Is., Sri Lanka and S. India to W. Thailand and
N. Sumatra.
Habitat:-Reported from intertidal mudflats to about 18 m, in sand (S. E.
India: Satyamurti, 1952; Kohn, l978a). C.
amadis feeds on molluscs.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to solid; forms castaneofasciata and arbornatalis smaller than typical
shells. Last whorl ventricosely conical or conical; outline slightly convex
adapically, straight below. Shoulder angulate to carinate. Spire usually of
moderate height, often variably stepped, to high in form arbornatalis; outline concave, to straight in form arbornatalis. Larval shell of 2-2.25
whorls, maximum- diameter 0.9-1 mm. First 3.5-5.5 postnuclear whorls
tuberculate, following whorls often carinate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave,
with 0 increasing to 5-6 spiral grooves and additional striae in late whorls.
Last whorl with distinct to obsolete punctate spiral grooves from base to
centre or beyond, separated by ribs at base and by ribbons above.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with various yellow to dark brown pattern
elements: i.e. solid or interrupted, narrow to broad spiral bands of varying
number; spiral lines, often articulated with white dots, spots and small tents;
a variably complete network of fine lines, triangular spots, streaks and
blotches bordering very small to large white tents. Elements combined in
miscellaneous designs, varying from shells with plain spiral banding to shells
with a delicate pattern including all elements. Larval whorls white to light
brown. Postnuclear sutural ramps with yellow to dark brown radial streaks and blotches,
ranging from few scattered markings to confluent markings leaving hardly any
ground colour. Aperture white or bluish white to orange.
Shell Morphometry
L 50-110 mm
(India 50 - 110, Andaman Sea 40 - 90)
RW 0.25-0.66 g/mm
(India 0.25 - 0.66, Andaman Sea 0.10 - 0.24)
RD 0.54-0.70
(India 0.54 - 0.70, Andaman Sea 0.54 - 0.60, C. lozeti 0.62)
PMD 0.78-0.90
RSH 0.13-0.20
(form arbornatalis up to 0.33, C.
lozeti 0.12)
Discussion:-C. amadis
resembles C. locumtenens, C. splendidulus,
and C. thalassiarchus. C. lotumtenens is a somewhat smaller
species without spiral grooves on postnuclear sutural ramps, with a reticulate
colour pattern on the entire last whorl, without spiral lines and with brown or
violet-brown deep within its aperture. C.
splendidulus can be distinguished by its often heavier (RW to ca. 0.78) and
less ventricose shell without pronounced spiral grooves on the sutural ramps.
Its spire whorls are not carinate, its pattern lacks tents and the colour of
its base is darker than that of the adjacent area.
Conus amadis
arbornatalis da Motta, 1978
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Natural
Study (Thai). 2, no. 1, seq. 7, p. 7. figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled off Ranong, Thailand. towards Bay of Bengal;
40-60 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 64 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
amadis Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-amadis arbornatalis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Andaman Sea
Habitat:-Found offshore in 70-100 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. amadis
Discussion:-C. arbornatalis is
an ecological variant from deeper water than other forms, that has a higher
spire.
Conus amadis
castaneofasciatus Dautzenberg, 1937
Pictures:
Picture Link: Rep.
Figure Kiener Coq Viv., pl. 84, f.2 (CMW)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Mem.
Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. Ii, fasc. 18, p. 15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype was in MHNG and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 80 x 40.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
amadis Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-amadis castaneofasciatus subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Reported from intertidal mudflats to about 18 m, in sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae C.
amadis
Discussion:-forma castaneofasciatus
applies to shells from the Andaman Sea that are brown except for 1-2 lighter,
reticulated spiral bands, at centre and sometimes below shoulder. The latter
shells differ from those from India and Sri Lanka by their smaller.
----------
Conus ambaroides Shikama,
1977
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in KPMY Mike Filmer
Published in: Sci.
Rep. Yokohama Nat'l. Univ. sect. II., 24, p. 20, pl. 4,
f. 3. a. & b, pl. 5, f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in KPMY deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33.2 x 15.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus ambaroides forma
----------
Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Neotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN/ Naturalis Bill Fenzan/ Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, pl. 44,
sp. 244
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Type locality not known, neotype is from coast of
Senegal, West Africa.
Type Data: Neotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN/ Naturalis deposited and
catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Monteiroconus Species:-ambiguus
Synonyms:- griseus Kiener, 1845; miser Boivin, 1864; gernanti Petuch, 1975; bellocqae
van Rossum, 1996
Geographic Range:-Senegal (South of Dakar), Gambia and probably northern
Guinea-Bissau also. Absent in the Cape Verde Islands.
Habitat:-Shore to offshore
Description:-Source Iconography
Shell moderately large to large (normal length: about 40 to 65 mm), smooth,
with a straight to very slightly convex profile. The spire is low to moderately
high, with a straight to slightly convex profile. The shoulder is clearly
angulated. The shell is pale purplish-brown, with dark brown crescent shaped
flammules on the spire. The aperture is in the larger specimens and has a faint
violet shading in the smaller.
Discussion:-C. ambiguus Reeve,
1844 can be separated from C. tabidus
Reeve, 1844 by its normally larger size and angulated shoulder, rounded in C.
tabidus Reeve, 1844).
C. gernanti Petuch, 1975 is
considered a synonym. Petuch stated that
gernanti has lower spire and narrower shoulder width. It is intense violet
colour with occasionly some brown axial flammules. C. ambiguus 3 spiral threads on top of spire whorls.
C. ambiguus is often considered as a
synonym of C. tabidus Reeve, 1845,
but the only thing common to both species is the colour of the last whorl, and
even this it is not always true. C. tabidus
constantly differs from C. ambiguus
by the shape of its own shell, which is far less wide at the shoulder and in fact
quite narrow. The sides of C. tabidus,
almost always narrowing at the base, are never as straight as those of C. ambiguus. The spire of C. tabidus does not show the comma-shaped
spots typical of ambiguus and its
colour is never purple but only white or cream. Each of the first whorls of C. tabidus shows two more or less well
marked spiral cords, while the spire of C.
ambiguus is completely smooth.
Conus ambiguus
f. bellocqae van Rossum, 1996
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype
in NATURALIS, LEIDEN/ Naturalis, Leiden Bill Fenzan
Picture Link:
Paratype 1 Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paratype 2 Bill Fenzan
Published in: World
Shells no. 12, p. 59, figs. 1-6
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Conakry, Guinea, West Africa; 50-60 m.
Type Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN/ Naturalis, Leiden deposited
and catalogued
Type Size: 60.4 x 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
ambiguus Reeve, 1844
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Monteiroconus Species:-ambiguus
bellocqae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Guinee
Habitat:-Trawled at 50 m
Description:-Source original description
Shell heavy, glossy, sides of whorl almost straight, not inflated at shoulder,
smooth, shoulder roundly angled. Ground colour of body whorl whitish violet
covered with numerous irregular reddish axial lines interrupted by two whitish
violet spiral bands. Spire low to flat covered with reddish lines like body
whorl.
Protoconch sharp pointed with 2 whorls; teleoconch over three whorls and spire
of 6-7whorls with no nodules or grooves. Aperture narrow and straight; outer
lip thin. Violet white inside aperture.
Discussion:-A shell similar to C.
ambiguus with wavy reddish brown axial flammules.
----------
Conus ammiralis Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in LSL Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Systema
Naturae 10th ed., 1, p. 713
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: middle American Ocean, (erroneous), corrected (C, M &
W) Moluccan Islands, Indonesia
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 70 x 40 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-ammiralis
Synonyms:- occidentalis Linnaeus,
1758; ordinarius Linnaeus, 1758; summus Linnaeus, 1758; vicarius Linnaeus, 1767; architalassus [Lightfoot], 1786; larvatus Gmelin, 1791; palinurus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; personatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; polyzonus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; extraordinarius Hwass in Bruguiere,
1792; archithalassus Hwass in
Bruguiere, 1792; vicarius Hwass in
Bruguiere, 1792; trifasciata
Spalowsky, 1795; summus Röding, 1798;
torquatus Röding, 1798; equestris Röding, 1798; princeps Röding, 1798; petreus Röding, 1798; pseudocedonulli Blainville, 1818; amboinensis Donovan, 1822; blainvillii Vignard, 1829; temnes Iredale, 1930; australis Dautzenberg, 1937; crebremaculata Dautzenberg, 1937; donovani Dautzenberg, 1937
Geographic Range:-E. Thailand to N. W. Australia; Japan to Marshall Is.,
Fiji, New Caledonia to Queensland
Habitat:-C. a. ammiralis in
2-240 m, ranging as deep as 50-150 m in Queensland, 20-240 m in Philippines.
Reported from fine to coarse sand and muddy sand, often beneath rocks and
sometimes among algae.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. ammiralis
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to heavy; relative weight of similarly
sized specimens may vary by 50%. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical;
outline variably convex at adapical fourth and almost straight below, sometimes
slightly concave centrally. Shoulder angulate, smooth in C. a. ammiralis, except weakly tuberculate in specimens with
granulose ribs on last whorl (form
architalassus); shoulder prominently tuberculate in C. a. pseudocedonulli. Spire of low to moderate height, outline
straight to concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.9 mm. About first
4 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate (C.
a. ammiralis) or all whorls tuberculate (C. a. pseudocedonulli). Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly
concave, with 1 increasing to 4-6 fine spiral grooves, replaced by many spiral
striae in last 3 whorls. Last whorl usually with closely spaced weak to
obsolete spiral ribs near base; some populations of C. a. ammiralis (e.g. Moluccas; Solomon Is.) include granulose
specimens (form architalassus).
Ground colour white. Last whorl with 2-6 variably broad pale orange to dark
brown spiral bands, containing dark spiral as well as axial lines and
interrupted by small to large white tents that may fuse to some extent. Below
shoulder, at base and between colour bands, fine yellow to tan lines form a
delicate network with fewer large white tents. Pattern occurs in varied
designs. Larval whorls pink. Early postnuclear sutural ramps usually eroded,
grading from pink to white, sometimes with brown dots at outer margins. Late
ramps with light to dark brown radial blotches containing darker radial lines.
Aperture white, occasionally orange-brown deep within.
Discussion:-C. ammiralis is so
distinctive that it cannot be confused with any of its congeners. RKK agree
with Coomans et al. (1982) that C.
pseudocedonulli is best considered a geographic subspecies of C. ammiralis, occurring throughout the
Indian Ocean as far east as W. Thailand. Although Richard (1982, 1990) and da
Motta and Lenavat (1979) recorded C. a.
ammiralis from W. Thailand, da Motta later (1987: p. 28) noted that it does
not occur there: The nearest colony of ammiralis
[to W. Thailand] is located off Songklha inside the Gulf of Thailand. Thus the
Malayan Peninsula appears to be the distributional boundary between the two
subspecies. C. a. temnes is based on
East Australian shells from deeper water that cannot be separated by any
constant difference. C. architalassus
(synonyms are C. a. archithalassus
and C. a. coronatus) refers to
granulose specimens of C. a. ammiralis.
The variability of C. ammiralis in
colour pattern explains the long list of synonyms. C. hereditarius from W. Thailand agrees with C. a. pseudocedonulli from the W. Indian Ocean except for slightly
smaller size. RKK therefore include this nominal species in C. a. pseudocedonulli.
Conus
ammiralis f. architalassus [Lightfoot], 1786
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Argenville, 1757, App. pl. 1, fig. M
Published in: Cat.
Portland Mus. p. 189, no. 4017
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Amboyna, (Ambon, Indonesia), designated unnecessarily (C,
M & W) the Moluccas, Indonesia.
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Argenville,
1757, App. pl. 1, fig. M. (fig. 48 x 24 mm. same figure as Martini, 1773,
vignette 26, fig. 1).
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus ammiralis
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-ammiralis architalassus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Sand coral
Description:: -C. architalassus
refers to granulose specimens of C. a. ammiralis.
Conus ammiralis pseudocedonulli Blainville, 1818
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Dict.
Sci. Nat. 10, p. 247
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
ammiralis Linnaeus, 1758; RKK regards it as a subspecies
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-ammiralis pseudocedonulli forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique to Kenya and Seychelles, West Thailand
Habitat:-C. a. pseudocedonulli
slightly subtidal to about 50 m, from fine to coarse sand and muddy sand.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. ammiralis
C. pseudocedonulli shoulder prominently
tuberculate; postnuclear whorls tuberculate and body whorl granulated.
Discussion:-C. pseudocedonulli
is best considered a geographic subspecies of C. ammiralis, occurring throughout the Indian Ocean as far east as
W. Thailand.
Conus ammiralis f. temnes Iredale, 1930
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in AMS Mike Filmer
Picture Link:
Paul Kersten
Published in: Mem. Queensl. Mus. X, p. 80
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Capricorn Is., E. Australia
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 64 x 22.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
ammiralis Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-ammiralis temnes forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Queensland
Habitat:-Reported from fine to coarse sand and muddy sand, ranging as
deep as 50-150 m in Queensland
Description:- C. temnes refers
to E. Australian form from deeper water thought to be slender and higher spire.
Discussion:
----------
Conus amphiurgus Dall, 1889
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. Xviii, p. 94
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-amphiurgus
Synonyms:- juliae Clench, 1942; glicksteini Petuch, 1987
Geographic Range:-E. Mexico, Florida
Habitat:-Dredged from off shore reef areas on the Campeche Bank at
depths of 40 to 70 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A moderately heavy shell, 30 to 40 mm, with low to moderate, sharply pointed
spire and convex sides. Shoulder roundly angulate, body whorl smooth except for
spiral ridges near the base. Tops of whorls with 3 to 4 low spiral ridges.
Nucleus: 3 whorls; axial sculpture on the sides of the first 3 postnuclear
whorls (Van Mol & Tursch, 1968); in most specimens sculpture not apparent
because of erosion. Operculum small and elliptical. Colour red, orange or
yellow, often with indistinct white mid-body band and fine spiral lines of
brown dots. In particular over the white band the brown dots may be darker and
may coalesce to produce axial bars of colour. Tip of spire pinkish, also in
yellow specimens, interior of aperture mostly pinkish.
Discussion:-C. amphiurgus
could be confused with C. daucus
(which has the shoulder angulate to carinate, a lower spire, and a body whorl
which slopes almost straight down, after bulging out a little below the
shoulders), C. mayaguensis (which is
smaller with a sharper shoulder and only faint spiral sculpture on tops of
whorls) and C. archetypus (which in
smaller with a less pointed spire and a different colour pattern).
C. juliae is considered a synonym.
The holotype of C. amphiurgus has a
more sharply pointed spire and appears to be more slender than the type of C. juliae. No distinct spiral lines of
brown dots can be observed in the type of C.
amphiurgus, while these are very conspicuous in the holotype of c. juliae.
C. mayaguensis could be confused with
C. amphiurgus (which is larger, with
a more sharply pointed spire -nucleus: 3 whorls -and more distinct spiral
sculpture on the tops of the whorls.
----------
Conus amplus Röckel & Korn, 1992
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Acta
Conchyliorum 3, p. 27, pl. 2, f. 21-25
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moluccas, Philippines (C. nisus Sowerby, 1858)
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Thes.
Conch., Pl.19, f. 471
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. nisus Sowerby 1858.
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-amplus
Synonyms:- nisus Sowerby, 1858
Geographic Range:-Indo Pacific
from Solomons to Vietnam
Description: Previously a subspecies of C. stramineus and raised to species by Filmer in 2012 Visaya review. Size 30-50 mm. Glossy/shiny. It has ground colour of ivory white with numerous axially aligned pale brown bars and flecks. The spots tend to be in three bands with middle band stronger. Aperture is purple brown with white edge to lip.
Discussion: C. amplus has a taller spire and is broader than C. stramineus which has a broader aperture and much larger squarish brown spots. It has been circulated as C. stramineus mulderi. Filmer limits that species to the darker coloured shells found in Panay, Philippines.
----------
Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: J.
Conchyl. Xiii, p. 304, pl. ix,
f. 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Florida
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28.5 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum
Synonyms:- candidus Kiener, 1845;
floridanus Gabb, 1869; floridensis Sowerby iii, 1870; burryae Clench, 1942; patglicksteinae Petuch, 1987; tranthami Petuch, 1995; antoni Cargile, 2011; mazzolii Petuch & Sargent, 2011; tortuganus Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Geographic Range:-Occurring along the west coast of Florida, south of
Cedar Key. The species can also be found off the south and south-east coast of
Florida.
Habitat:-Found on sand in shallow grass- covered intertidal zones, but
also dredged offshore from up to 15 m. depth.
Description:-Source Vink (Vink used the name C. floridanus for C.
anabathrum pre ICZN decision)
A relatively light but strong shell, 30 to 50 mm., with a thin lip with tall,
straight to concave-sided spire. Body whorl straight to slightly convex and
smooth except for weak spiral ridges near the narrow base. Shoulder carinate or
sharply angled, spire whorls stepped, often with shoulder distinctly
overhanging the suture of the next whorl. Nucleus: 1.5-2 whorls; first 3 to 4
postnuclear whorls with fine nodules; operculum longish, about 1/4 of aperture
height; periostracum thin, yellowish. Typical C. anabathrum is white with two yellow-brown bands above and below
mid-area, which may be solid or broken into blotches. Mostly, in addition,
there are many spiral rows of slightly darker dots and dashes. Spire white with
comma-shaped yellowish brown blotches.
C. a. anabathrum body whorl pale
yellowish to pale tan, sometimes very blotchy and unevenly colored; spiral rows
of dashes weak but sometimes visible as lines deep in pattern midbody
indistinct; base pale; shallow water;
C. a. burryae: body whorl dark
reddish brown sometimes mottled paler, midbody indistinct, Continuous spiral
dark brown lines often present, base mostly dark brown shallow water Florida
Keys;
Discussion:-C. anabathrum
replaces C. floridanus Decision of
ICZN.
In a colour form found in nearly all populations of C. anabathrum, but mostly seen in larger deep-water specimens, the
spiral rows of dashes and the markings on the spire are dark reddish brown
distinctly contrasting with the background of more orange brown bands. This
form was described as C. floridensis
by Sowerby.
A population occurring on the Florida Keys and along the coast of Yucatan
Peninsula in Mexico (Vokes & Vokes, 1983) is recognized as the subspecies C. anabathrum burryae.
Conus
anabathrum antoni Cargile, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype courtesy Bill Cargile
Published in: Journal of American Conidae 1(1), 3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Dry Tortugas
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31.6 x 14.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum antoni subsp.
Synonyms:- tortuganus Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Geographic Range:-Florida
Habitat:-Approximately 10 meters depth, sand and rubble, near low
profile reef.
Description:-Source Original description.
The shell is conical with a slighty convex outline, more so above midbody. The
shoulder is angulate, or sharply angulate. The spire is moderate in height,
straight to moderately concave in outline. The last whorl is smooth and glossy
above, except for fine axial threads;
the basal third has numerous unevenly spaced radial grooves.
The color of the body whorl of juvenile shells
is generally pale pink, white, yellow, orange, or violet, with a
discontinuous band of white axial streaks or blotches at the midbody. With
maturity, the colors become more intense, and may be overlaid with axial brown
streaks. The sutural ramp may develop regularly spaced dark marks. The aperture
is white, pale pink, or violet.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus
anabathrum burryae Clench, 1942
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MCZ
Mike Filmer
Published in: Johnsonia
1, p. 29, pl. 14, f. 3. & 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Lower Matecumbe Key, Lower Florida Keys
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 34.5 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
anabathrum Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum burryae subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Lower Florida Keys and Biscayne Bay (along the coast
of Yucatan, Mexico)
Habitat:-On grassy mud flats.
Description:-Source Vink C. anabathrum.
C. a. burryae differs from typical C. anabathrum in being reddish brown to
dark brown, usually in blotches but also uniform. The spiral rows of darker
dashes often become continuous spiral lines. A white mid-body area can no
longer be distinguished, the tip of the base is usually brownish black. There
are also morphological differences, C.anabathrum
burryae is smaller and narrower with often a more convex body whorl.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus
anabathrum mazzolii Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in LACM Bill Fenzan LACM
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Visaya
3(4) , 99
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Little Torch Key, Florida
Type Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16.7 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
anabathrum Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum mazzolii subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Florida Keys
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for genus, elongated, slender, biconic, with very high, elevated
spire; profile with straight sides, becoming slightly constricted at anterior
end; spire stepped, distinctly scalariform.
Smooth, glossy; anterior tip encircled with 6-8 thin spiral cords; base color
white, pink, or pale salmon-orange (as on holotype), overlaid with dark
orange-tan to dark brown irregular longitudinal flammules and patches; larger
flammules marked with 6-8 thin brown spiral lines, often composed of tiny dots
and dashes; anterior tip yellow orange or pale orange.
Shoulder sharply-angled, bordered by thin, sharp carina, subsutural area
flattened or slightly sloping.
Spire extremely high and elevated, stepped, composed of 8-9 whorls; spire
whorls smooth and shiny, ornamented with numerous extremely fine
crescent-shaped threads; spire white or pink marked with large,
regularly-spaced dark brown amorphous flammules or checker-shaped spots; early
whorls pale brown or orange-brown; protoconch pale orange, proportionally
large, rounded, mammillate. Aperture proportionally very narrow, straight,
uniformly wide; interior of aperture
white or pale pinkish-white.
Discussion:-
Conus anabathrum f. patglicksteinae Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: New
Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 30, pl. 5, figs.
3 & 4
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Palm Beach Island, Palm Beach Co., Florida; 120 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865; Tucker suggests that this may form
of C. amphiurgus.
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum
patglicksteinae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Beach County, Florida
Habitat:-Trawled from 400 ft.
Description:-Source Molluscan Fauna 1987 C.
patglicksteinae
Description: Shell solid, elongate, tapered, with low spire; body whorl smooth,
with only a few faint spiral sulci around anterior tip; shoulder sharp-angled;
aperture long and narrow; color bright pinkish-orange with band of scattered
white patches around mid- body and few scattered white patches along shoulder
area; orange body color overlaid with 12 rows of large orange- brown dots and
dashes; spire whorls white with large, bright orange, interconnected flammules;
interior of aperture pale pinkish-white.
Discussion:-
C. patglicksteinae: this deep water
subspecies of the common shallow water Conus
floridanus Gabb (and its highly colored variety floridensis Sowerby) differs from the nominate species in having a
low, almost flattened spire, in being almost solid orange-pink in color, and in
having large, radiating, interconnected orange spire flammules. In many ways,
particularly the low, flattened spire and rows of large dots, C. floridanus patglicksteinae resembles
certain orange varieties of C. regularis Sowerby
from the Gulf of California. The new subspecies differs from C. floridanus burryae Clench from the
Florida Keys ( a full species?) by having a much lower, flattened spire and by
having a bright pinkish- orange base color. C.
floridanus patglicksteinae lives together with the other southeastern Florida
deep water cones, C. flamingo Petuch, C. binghamae Petuch, C. glicksteini Petuch, and C. amphiurgus Dall (= C. juliae Clench).
Conus
anabathrum tortuganus Petuch &
Sargent, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in LACM
Bill Fenzan LACM
Published in: Visaya 3(3) , 43
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Dry Tortugas
Type Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 27.9 x 13.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus anabatrum antoni Cargile, 2011
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name tortuganus
Conus
anabathrum f. tranthami Petuch, 1995
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in
FMNH Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: La
Conchiglia xxvii, no. 275, p. 37, f. 3 & 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Pickles Reef, off Plantation Key Florida, U. S. A.; 3 m.
Type Data: Holotype in FMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum tranthami forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Florida Keys
Habitat:-In sand pockets scattered among coral rubble areas on the reef
platform. In shallow water (2-10m depth).
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small when compared to average Conus
floridanus floridanus Gabb, 1868 (C.
anabathrum), distinctly pyriform, broad across shoulder, tapering abruptly
to anterior end; shoulder sharply-angled, carinated; spire elevated,
scalariform; protoconch projecting. Aculeiform; composed of two and one half
whorls; body whorl smooth and polished; anterior tip encircled with 6-8 deeply
incised spiral sulci; color varying from white (as in the holotype) to pink, to
pale salmon orange, overlaid with scattered large yellow or pale tan flammules;
interior of aperture pale violet in fresh specimens; periostracum thin,
translucent, smooth.
Discussion:-This new subspecies differs from the nominate subspecies in
being a much smaller, stockier less elongated and distinctly pyriform shell
with a much more elongated, projecting protoconch. The new subspecies also
differs in color, lacking the rows of prominent dots and dashes that are so
characteristic of the nominate subspecies.
----------
Conus anabelae Rolán & Röckel, 2001
Pictures:.
Picture Link:
Holotype in MNCM Original Description
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Iberus
19 (2), p. 59
Ocean geography : East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Amelia Beach, Moçâmedes, Angola
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23.3 x 15.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-anabelae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola, Moçâmedes Bay
Habitat:-Shallow water under rocks in sand.
Description:-Source Original description
Small to moderately small, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl
ventricosely conical. Outline convex at adapical third, slightly concave below.
Areture wider at base than near shoulder, Shoulder subangulate to rounded.
Spire low, outline straight or slightly convex. Teleoconch sutural ramps
convex, with numerous spiral striae. Last whorl smooth and dull, with some
broad and weak grooves at base.
Ground colour light brown, changing to darker and lighter zones, spiral bands
or spiral lines. Usually darker brown near base and often with lighter brown
broad spiral band at centre or above centre. Lighter zones with very close-set
axial brown lines. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 18-29 mm
RW 0.09-0.21 g/mm
RD 0.66-0.73, 0.75-0.78
PMD 0.76-0.80
RSH 0.07-0.14
Discussion:-C. anabelae Rolán & Röckel,
2001 is most similar to C. babaensis
Rolán & Röckel, 2001 in shell characters, but can be distinguished by its
brown (instead of white) ground color. While in C. anabelae the pattem merges from lighter to darker brown, in C. babaensis brown and white bands and
flecks are clearly separated.
----------
Conus anacarolinae
Cossignani, 2020
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MMM
Published in: Xenophora
Taxonomy 3, 34 & 35 with pic., pl. 3 H & I
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: Maragogi, Alagoas, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype
in MMM
Type Size: 18.23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-anacarolinae
Synonyms:- There are
no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- On low tide, in shallow water, on sand
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small (16-18 mm), with a
pyriform profile, subtriangular, with a medium high spire, slightly concave,
moderately stepped, the whorls with marked tubercles and brown blotches that
stand out from the whitish background colour, which tends to pink towards the
protoconch; the suture is well marked but rounded. The protoconch is
dome-shaped but irregular, with a whitish colouration tending to pink.The
aperture is rather wide, internal colouration whitish, occupying two thirds of
the total height of the shell. The shoulder is aligned with the spire, the
outer lip is slightly convex, thin, well sharpened, tending to curve. The
colouration of the last whorl is faint, milky white with light tawny-brown dots
forming spiral lines with dots arranged on whiter spiral lines and some
irregularly arranged specks which in some points aggregate forming evident
chromatic patches, not present in all the specimens studied; slight tubercles
can be noticed, corresponding to the dots, so much so that the external surface is not smooth. The
siphonal canal is wide and in an axis with the development of the shell. The
soft parts have not been examined. C. anacarolinae sp. n. is comparable to C.
damasomonteiroi and C. ogum, but the spire is higher, there are less
tubercles, the colouration is different and above all it has a more elongated
shell, with a less convex last whorl.
----------
Conus anaglypticus Crosse, 1865
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Published in: J.
Conchyl. xiii, p. 314, pl. xi, f. 8 &
8a
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Antilles
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 17.3 x 9.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-anaglypticus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Antilles; N. Puerto Rico (Vink)
Habitat:-Found at depths of 10 to 20 m under coral heads
Description:-Source Vink
A small shell, 10 to 20 mm, with convex sides of the body whorl and a
straight-sided spire. Spire whorls flat, nucleus: 1.5 whorls. Shoulder
angulate, body whorl covered with regularly disposed spiral rows of small
granulations. Some specimens (variety beta) are not granulated. Colour uniform
orange to pale red or red, often with a somewhat lighter coloured band below
mid- section. On the lighter coloured band darker squares may be present;
similar dark reddish squares alternated with white maculations are then present
on the spire whorls. Some specimens have white axial flames on the body whorl.
Discussion:-C. anaglypticus
could be confused with C. mindanus
(which is larger with more concave tops of the spire whorls, less convex body
whorl and larger granulations in pustolose specimens), C. pusio ( which has a different coloration and pattern and is not
granulated) and C. selenae (which has
spiral ridges or at least one or two faint spiral cords on the tops of the
spire whorls and a more rounded shoulder of the body whorl.
After cone shells closely resembling the type material of C. anaglypticus were found off the northern coast of Puerto Rico,
Vink (1984) concluded that C.
anaglypticus is a valid species distinct from C. mindanus.
Tucker suggests that C. vanhyningi is
a synonym.
----------
Conus anceps A. Adams, 1854
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond. 1854, p. 119
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moluccas
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 78 x 36 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus consors
Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors anceps forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Form anceps occurs broadly in the Western Pacific.
Habitat:-Slightly subtidal to 200 m; in sand and silt
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. consors
Form anceps is narrowly to
ventricosely conical, not distinguishable from each other by shell shape, and
differ only in the colour pattern (shades of spiral banding yellowish to
orangish brown in form anceps)
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus andamanensis Smith, 1878
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 804, pl. 50, f. 1 & 1a
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Port Blair, Andaman Is.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-andamanensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Andaman Sea
Habitat:-Intertidal and shallow subtidal; in sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small, moderately light. Last whorl conical, ventricosely conical or
conoid-cylindrical, outline slightly convex; left side slightly concave at
base. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder subangulate to
rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of
about 2.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps
nearly flat to slightly convex, with 2 increasing to 3 rather weak spiral
grooves; late ramps either with obsolete spiral sculpture or 2-3 spiral
grooves. Basal third to half of last whorl with widely spaced punctate spiral
grooves and ribbons between; ribbons may grade to ribs at anterior end.
Ground colour white to bluish grey, may be suffused with pink. Last whorl with
variably numerous, orangish to dark reddish brown dots, spots, spiral bars and
small axial markings, irregularly scattered and sometimes additionally arranged
in 2-3 spiral rows, on each side of central third and sometimes also below
shoulder. Larval whorls white to beige. Late sutural ramps with orangish to
dark reddish brown radial lines or streaks. Aperture white, may be orangish
brown or violet-brown deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 26-31 mm
RW 0.07-0.13 g/mm
RD 0.54-0.60
PMD 0.77-0.87
RSH 0.10-0.16
Discussion:-The shells from the Philippines that are recently offered
are in fact C. balabacensis Filmer 2012.
----------
Conus andremenezi Olivera & Biggs, 2010
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NMPM Original Description
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Nautilus
124, 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Aliguay Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in NMPM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36.7 x 16.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kurodaconus Species:-andremenezi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Trawled about 200 m
Description:-Source Original description
Biconical shell. Last whorl is broadly conical, with raised spiral ribs that
are not smooth. Raised ribs on the body whorl. The body whorl ground color off
white.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus anemone Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ann.
du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 272
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Holland (Australia)
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 45 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone
Synonyms:- maculosus Sowerby ii,
1833; pallescens Sowerby ii, 1833; novaehollandiae A. Adams, 1854; superstriatus Sowerby ii, 1857; maculatus Sowerby ii, 1858; roseotinctus Sowerby ii, 1866; carmeli Tenison-Woods, 1877; flindersi Brazier, 1898; remo Brazier, 1898; peronianus Iredale, 1931; incinctus
Fenaux, 1942; nitidissimus Fenaux,
1942; singletoni Cotton, 1945; saundersi Cotton, 1945
Geographic Range:-Queensland southward and westward to W. Australia,
northward to King Sound; N. coast of Tasmania.
Habitat:-Intertidal and subtidal to about 40 m; on reefs, rock
platforms, sand bottoms or rock rubble, often sheltering beneath stones, rock
or boulders and among algae or eel-grass. In N. W. Australia, C. anemone is reported from the
intertidal zone to 6 m, and in S.W. Australia, to approximately 30 m. Some
variants from S. Australia are found even deeper: Form peronianus in 10-20 m, and form carmeli
to 40 m. However, intertidal populations also occur in the southern part of the
species range.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to large, moderately light to solid. Specimens from
shallow-water habitats in W. Australia smaller but relatively heavier than
deeper subtidal specimens from eastern localities. Last whorl ventricosely
conical to ovate, sometimes conoid-cylindrical or pyriform; outline slightly to
strongly convex, rarely sigmoid; left side often variably concave above base.
Shoulder angulate, occasionally subangulate. Spire low to high, outline
straight to concave; spire height of form carmeli
usually outside the range of all other variants (mean RSH 0.28). Larval
shell hooked, of 2-2.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 1.3 mm; surface with
irregularly arranged minute granules (at high magnification; Kohn, 1993). First
2-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate; in form carmeli, first 6-8 postnuclear
whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat and steep to horizontal, with
2-3 increasing to 7-10 spiral grooves. Last whorl variable in surface
sculpture: Often closely spaced and uniformly broad spiral ribs extending from
base to shoulder; occasionally a few more widely spaced and stronger ribs at
base. In largely smooth specimens, spiral ribs weak and restricted to base,
followed adapically by spiral threads up to shoulder. In some populations
(throughout entire range), distinctly sculptured shells intergrade with fairly
smooth ones; some variants are more constant in surface sculpture, e.g., the
relatively smooth form peronianus.
Ground colour white, cream, pale blue, pink, or light violet; usually several
of these colours merge on the same shell. Pattern of last whorl variable,
consisting of 2-3 spiral bands, variably sized blotches, flames, axial streaks
and lines. Pattern elements orange or brown to reddish and blackish brown.
Immaculate white or pink shells intergrade with shells largely overlaid with
solid dark brown, except for a central ground-colour band with brown
reticulation. Additional spiral rows of orangish, reddish or blackish brown
dashes vary considerably in number and arrangement; dark dashes may alternate
regularly with ground-colour dashes within the rows. Colour pattern typically
relatively sombre (dark brown markings on a bluish ground) in northwestern
populations and often exhibiting bright, light colours (orange, pink, light
violet) in populations from Southern Australia. Larval whorls white, cream,
orange or brown (for development, see Kohn, 1993). Postnuclear sutural ramps
variably maculated with brown radial streaks and blotches; immaculate spires
intergrade with heavily blotched ones. Aperture mainly pale blue or violet
variably suffused with brown, also dark brown or orange, pink or rarely white.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-93 mm
RW 0.08-0.30 g/mm (L 30-80 mm)
(L 30-80 mm)
RD 0.54-0.69
(form peronianus 0.54 - 0.63; form carmeli 0.57 - 0.75)
PMD 0.70-0.84
RSH 0.09-0.23
(form peronianus 0.09 - 0.13; form carmeli 0.21 - 0.34)
Discussion:-C. anemone may be
similar to C. cocceus, C. ardisiaceus, and C. clarus. For comparison with C. clarus, see the Discussion of
that species. C. cocceus is generally smaller and tends to have a broader last
whorl (RD 0.60-0.71); its shoulder is rounded to indistinct, its spire outline
convex rather than straight, and its postnuclear whorls are not tuberculate. C. ardisiaceus differs in its usually
broader last whorl (RD 0.65-0.73) that is distinctly smoother and has a
contrasting brown anterior end. The periostracum is smooth in C. anemone but bears tufted spiral
ridges in C. ardisiaceus. Diversity
of suitable habitats and benthic development with reduced vagility apparently
have led to a high intraspecific variability and the description of variants as
different nominal taxa. Rather the variants appear to be individual forms,
local forms or ecological variants of somewhat wider range. Form atractus is very similar to form carmeli. - C. carmeli: This variant has sometimes been considered a valid
species. More often, it is erroneously referred to as C. anemone f. compressus (Wilson & Gillett, 1971 ; Walls,
[1979]; Lauer & Richard, 1989), but this has been corrected by Kendrick
& Ryland (1981) and Coomans et al. (1985a). Specimens described as C. carmeli have biconic shells (RD
0.57-0.75) with a spire of moderate height to high. They differ from other
forms of C. anemone in spire height
(mean 0.28 vs. 0.14), larger number of tuberculate postnuclear whorls (6-8),
and yellowish brown aperture. Only extreme variants of C. carmeli have RD outside the range of other C. anemone variants (0.53-0.68); the mean values, however, are the
same. We consider the differences from C.
anemone insufficient to justify separation at species level. The form
described as C. carmeli occurs from
the Bass Strait (Victoria/Tasmania) westward to Ceduna (S. Australia). - C. compressus: A local form from the
Houtman Abrolhos (see Kendrick & Ryland, 1981 - C. maculosus: A shape and colour pattern variant occurring in
various parts of the species range. - C.
novaehollandiae: Considered a subspecies of C. anemone from northern W. Australia by Coomans et al. (1980) and
Richard (1990). Coomans et al. cited C.
a. novaehollandiae only as with a low spire. However, the shells from the
northwestern populations and the typical form of C. anemone cannot be separated by spire height (RSH 0.09-0.20 vs
0.10-0.23), nor by shape, sculpture and colour pattern. Therefore we favour the
taxonomic status of a form rather than that of a geographical subspecies:
Probably an ecological variant, growing larger, usually with a lower spire and
generally brighter in colour than other forms of C. anemone. It ranges from southern W. Australia eastward to
Tasmania and Sydney, New South Wales. Walls ([1979]), da Motta (1986), and
Richard (1990) considered C. peronianus
a valid species, but its shell morphometry characters are entirely within the
range of C. anemone, and there are no
constant differences in colour, number of larval whorls, or sculpture of spire
and last whorl. - C. remo: A colour
form (splashed with bright orange; Cotton, 1945) from South Australia and
Victoria (Cotton: Port Macdonnell to Western Port). - C. saundersi: A shape and colour pattern variant very similar to C. maculosus. - C. singletoni: A variant with a white shell. C. comptus, C. flindersi, C.
roseotinctus, and C. rossiteri
are based on subadult specimens. C.
rossiteri (holotype: L 14.5 mm) may be a juvenile of C. anemone or of C.
papilliferus.
Conus anemone
f. carmeli Tenison-Woods, 1877
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in TMH Mike
Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Pap.
Pr. Rept. Roy. Soc. Tasmania for 1876,
p. 134
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tasmania
Type Data: Holotype in TMH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone carmeli forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bass Strait Tasmania to Ceduna ( S Australia).
Habitat:-
Description:-Source Living Conidae C.
anemone
Specimens described as C. carmeli
have biconic shells (RD 0.57-0.75) with a spire of moderate height to high.
They differ from other forms of C.
anemone in spire height (mean 0.28 vs. 0.14), larger number of tuberculate
postnuclear whorls (6-8), and yellowish brown aperture.
Conus anemone f. compressus Sowerby
ii, 1866
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Thes.
Conch.. iii p. 325, pl. 25 (286), f. 602-3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-compressus
Synonyms:- atractus Tomlin,
1937
Geographic Range:-S Australia, Houtman Abrolhos
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Original description and type.
C. compressus has high stepped spire
with rounded margins of whorls. Early whorls are carinate. Slim long eliptical
shape of body whorl. White with pinkish orange bands breaking into axial
flammules on body and spire.
Sowerby notes that it similar to C.
anemone but slimmer with many more turns in given diameter than C. anemone.
Discussion:-RKK consider it a local form of C. anemone from the Houtman Abrolhos (see Kendrick & Ryland,
1981)
Conus anemone novaehollandiae A. Adams, 1854
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul kersten
Radula Picture:
Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1854, p. 119
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Swan River, Australia.
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone
novaehollandiae subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Northern W. Australia
Habitat:-Intertidal and subtidal to about 40 m; on reefs, rock
platforms, sand bottoms or rock rubble, often sheltering beneath stones, rock
or boulders and among algae or eel-grass. In N. W. Australia, C. anemone is reported from the
intertidal zone to 6 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae.C.
anemone
C. novaehollandiae: Considered a
subspecies of C. anemone from
northern W. Australia by Coomans et al. (1980) and Richard (1990). Coomans et
al. cited C. a. novaehollandiae only
as with a low spire. However, the shells from the northwestern populations and
the typical form of C. anemone cannot
be separated by spire height (RSH 0.09-0.20 vs 0.10-0.23), nor by shape,
sculpture and colour pattern
Discussion:-No Data
Conus anemone f. peronianus Iredale, 1931
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in AMS Mike Filmer
Picture Link:
Paul Kersten
Published in: Rec. S. Austral. Mus. 18, p. 224,
pl. xxv, f. 12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Sydney, Australia
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 62 x 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone peronianus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Southern W. Australia eastward to Tasmania and Sydney,
New South Wales.
Habitat:-Deep water
Description:- C. peronianus is
probably an ecological variant, growing larger, usually with a lower spire and
generally brighter in colour than other forms of C. anemone.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus anemone f. remo
Brazier, 1898
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in SAMA Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 22, p. 271
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: San Remo, Victoria, Australia
Type Data: Lectotype in SAMA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35 x 17.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone
remo forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South Australia and Victoria (Cotton: Port Macdonnell
to Western Port).
Habitat:-
Description:-Source Living Conidae C anemone
C. a.
remo color form splashed with bright orange from S Australia.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus anemone f. saundersi Cotton, 1945
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in SAMA Mike Filmer
Published in: Rec. S. Austral. Mus. 8, p. 264,
pl. 4, f. 8
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Edithburgh, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia
Type Data: Holotype in SAMA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 57 x 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone
saundersi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-S. Australia
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell pyriform, rather wide,spire short,sharp with concave sides; body whorl
and spire covered with regular spiral striae; body whorl sharply angled at
shoulder, the top of the spire whorls forming flat surface;outer lip convex,
aperture quite wide widening anteriorly. Anterior base of body whorl strongly
spirally lirate. Colour pattern of reddish brown axial flammules forming
arrowhead shapes at their margins. Ground colour cream; aperture violet within.
Discussion:-RKK assign as form of .C
anemone.
Conus anemone f. singletoni Cotton, 1945
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in SAMA Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Rec. S. Austral. Mus. 8, p. 263, pl. 4, f. 10
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Victoria, Western Port, W. Australia.
Type Data: Holotype in SAMA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43.5 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone singletoni forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W. Australia
Habitat:-
Description: C. singletoni: A variant with a white shell
----------
Conus angasi Tryon, 1884
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Man.
Conch. 1, p. 62, pl. 19,
f. 99
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Pt. Jackson, Australia. (C. metcalfei, Angas 1877)
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued (C.metcalfei)
Type Size: 20 x 10.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. metcalfei Angas, 1877.
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Plicaustraconus Species:-angasi
Synonyms:- rhododendron Jay,
1839; metcalfei Angas, 1877; advertex Garrard, 1961; the latter seen
as a valid species now.
Geographic Range:-New South Wales and Queensland, Australia, possibly
restricted to the area between Sydney and Fraser Id.
Habitat:-In 50-250 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid; form advertex (Pl. 60, Figs. 19, 20) of
smaller maximum size than typical form (Pl. 60, Figs. 16-18). Last whorl
conical or ventricosely conical to broadly conical or broadly and ventricosely
conical, form advertex often broader than typical form; outline convex at
adapical third, straight below. Basal part of columella with a strong dentiform
plait at its posterior end. Shoulder angulate, subangulate in large specimens.
Spire low and usually with concave outline in form advertex, of low to moderate
height and usually with slightly sigmoid outline in typical form. Larval shell
of 1.75-2 whorls, maximum diameter 1.1-1.3 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost
flat, with 1-2 increasing to 4-8 spiral grooves, with additional spiral striae
in latest whorls. Last whorl with rather closely spaced spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour white to pale pink. Last whorl with pinkish to light brown spiral
bands below shoulder, above centre and within basal third. Spiral rows of brown
dots, dashes, spots and bars extending from base to shoulder, usually
concentrated and partially fused near and within the spiral colour bands.
Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial streaks
usually extending beyond outer margins. Aperture white, tinged with cream and
pink deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-46 mm
RW 0.08-0.20 g/mm (L 27-46 mm)
(L 27-46 mm)
RD 0.65-0.71
PMD 0.77-0.89
RSH 0.08-0.19
Discussion:-
Conus angasi f. advertex Garrard, 1961
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in AMS
Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J.
Malacol. Soc. Aust. no. 5, p. 30, pl.
1, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Moreton Is., Queensland, Australia; 80 fathoms.
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Seen as a valid species now.
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Plicaustraconus Species:-angasi advertex forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-S Queensland, Australia; New South Wales
Habitat:-Deep Water. Form advertex
is reported from sand bottom and seems to have a more limited bathymetric range
(120-200 m).
Description:-Source Living Conidae.
C. angasi
Shell Morphometry
L 30-46 mm
(form advertex 27 - 37 mm)
RW 0.08-0.20 g/mm (L 27-46 mm)
(L 27-46 mm)
RD 0.65-0.71
(form advertex 0.66 - 0.75)
PMD 0.77-0.89
(form advertex 0.81 - 0.90)
RSH 0.08-0.19
(form advertex 0.01 - 0.09)
Discussion:-The conchological differences between C. angasi and C. advertex
do not justify separation at the species level. Because they occur
sympatrically, C. advertex should be
provisionally considered a form of C.
angasi (see Walls, [1979]; Coomans et al., 1979b; Richard, 1990); recently
seen as valid.
----------
Conus angioiorum Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1992
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Acta
Conchyliorum Nr. 3, p. 46, pl. 5, f.
12-18
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Djibouti
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35.1 x 17.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-angioiorum
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Djibouti; probably Eritrea, Kenya and Madagascar
Habitat:-To 30 m, on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely
conical to conical; outline convex at adapical third, less so to straight
below. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder subangulate
to angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of
1.75-2.25 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat
to slightly concave adaxially, with 0-1 increasing to 4-6 spiral grooves and
additional spiral striae. Last whorl with variably wide spiral grooves basally,
separating spiral ribs at base and ribbons above.Ground colour white. Last
whorl with variably arranged, well-separated spiral rows of rarely confluent
brown dots and spots. Larval whorls white to beige. Postnuclear sutural ramps
with sparse brown radial markings. Aperture white, sometimes pale yellow.
Shell Morphometry
L 26-45 mm
RW 0.11-0.20 g/mm
(L 26-36 mm)
RD 0.56-0.64
PMD 0.79-0.87
RSH 0.09-0.17
Discussion:-C. angioiorum
resembles C. jickelii from Djibouti.
Shells of the latter attain somewhat larger size than sympatric C. angioiorum, have a pattern of larger,
more confluent and darker brown markings, a yellow or brownish violet collabral
band within the aperture, and a brown apex; their last whorls are less
ventricose and more straight-sided.
----------
Conus
annegretae Schönherr, 2018
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MNCN C. Schönherr
Published in: Conchylia Heft 49 (3-4), Nov. 2018; p. 14-16; Fig. 1 & 2 (row 1); Pl. 1 row 1
Ocean geography:
East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia Equimina, Benguela, Angola
Type Size: 37 x 21,8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-annegretae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Dived at 3 m depth
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell medium in adult size (30-40 mm) and quite solid. The shell is
ventricosely conical. The outline is convex in the adapical third, almost
straight below. The left side is concave near the base. The aperture is wider
at the base than near the shoulder, Shoulder is rounded, the spire moderately
high; teleoconch whorl tops rounded and stepped with many microscopic spiral
threads. Suture area is recessed, without undulations. Many weak spiral threads
on spire whorls.
The ground colour
is white, typically with broad spiral band of yellow/orange sometimes with a
weak grayish tint covering most of the whorl while leaving a white spiral band
at the middle. Colour of spire and whorl similar. The interior of the aperture
is white, sometimes with a patch in the upper half with tones matching the
colour of the pattern. The periostracum is opaque gray-brown. The operculum is
small and elongated.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus anosyensis Bozzetti, 2008
Pictures:.
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Luigi Bozzetti
Published in: Mostra
Malacologica Mondiale 58 58, 15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Antsotso, SW Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30.8 mm x 17.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-anosyensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:-No Data
Description:- Last whorl widely conical, solid, spire low with straight
or slightly concave outline, shoulder subangulate; protoconch of the holotype
of about 2 1/2 whorls but eroded, teleoconch of 7 flat whorls, 4-5 little
spiral ribs on subsutural ramp, tubercled and waved on first 3 whorls of
teleoconch, than smooth; thick radical growth streaks; aperture narrow, larger
at base, surface of last whorl covered with little spiral ribs, wide and raised
at base, that fade progressively adapically and vanish near the shoulder, weak
axial growth streaks; grey-lilac colour on the last whorl, little sporadic
white dots irregularly distributed mainly on the front half, subsutural ramp of
last 4 whorls of teleoconch and shoulder of the last whorl covered with
alternate elongated brown and little white spots, protoconch and first whorls
of teleoconch white, aperture and inner lip blue-lilac, a vertical band on the
inner face of the outer lip. This species was compared with Conus carnalis from Angola but not with Conus balteatus or Conus rattus.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus anthonyi Petuch, 1975
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in CAS Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Veliger
xvii. no. 3, p. 263, f. 5 & 6
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia do Inferno, Sao Tiago Is., Cabo Verde Is. (15deg 00
N. 2 deg 33 W).
Type Data: Holotype in CAS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 13 x 6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Tenorio et al. 2020 a synonym of Conus cuneolus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-anthonyi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde
Habitat:-Rocky intertidal area
Description:-Source original description.
Shell solid, slightly pyriform, polished. Body of 8 whorls; shoulder smooth.
Color dark blue-grey covered by a series of elongate white flammules arranged
in an alternating zigzag pattern. This in turn is overlaid by 10 to 12
prominent, raised, black spiral cords. Anterior tip black; spire blue with
large amorphous black flammules. Aperture deep purple with a central white
band. Edge of lip white with alternating dark banding where the black spiral
cords show through. Periostracum smooth, transparent yellow. Operculum oval, as
is typical of the genus.
Discussion:-Africonus anthonyi
is the smallest member of the genus and bears a close resemblance to A. desidiosus ( A. Adams, 1853). However,
the black, raised spiral cords, and the black flammules on the spire of A. anthonyi make it easily separable
from A. desidiosus.
Proposed new species Conus cuneolus Reeve, 1843.
Taxonomic revision of West
African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020
----------
Conus antoni Cargile, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype Courtesy of Bill Cargile
Published in: Journal of American Conidae 1(1), 3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Dry Tortugas
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31.6 x 14.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum antoni subsp.
Synonyms:- tortuganus Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Geographic Range:-Florida
Habitat:-Approximately 10 meters depth, sand and rubble, near low
profile reef.
Description:-Source Original description.
The shell is conical with a slighty convex outline, more so above midbody. The
shoulder is angulate, or sharply angulate. The spire is moderate in height,
straight to moderately concave in outline. The last whorl is smooth and glossy above,
except for fine axial threads; the basal
third has numerous unevenly spaced radial grooves.
The color of the body whorl of juvenile shells is generally pale pink, white, yellow, orange,
or violet, with a discontinuous band of white axial streaks or blotches at the
midbody. With maturity, the colors become more intense, and may be overlaid
with axial brown streaks. The sutural ramp may develop regularly spaced dark
marks.. The aperture is white, pale
pink, or violet.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus antoniaensis Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Malacologia
83, p. 16 -17
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia Antonia,
Boa Vista
Type Data: Holotype in MMM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15.6 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: a synonym of boavistensis
Rolàn &Fernandes 1990; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-antoniaensis
Synonyms:- padarosae Cossignani
& Fiadeiro 2018
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde
Habitat:- the specimens
studied were found to be 0.5 to 5 meters deep, over and under rock
Description:-
Shell small (14 to 15.5 mm) profile elongated pear-shaped, almost biconical,
with spire moderately high, slightly stepped with sutures clear, slightly
convex whorl tops covered spirally with 6 small furrows; spire coloring
comprises dark greensish grey with white speckles. The aperture is wide with an
internal colour of brownish-reddish purple, characterized by 2 light bands
almost white; one immediately under the shoulder and the other placed at 3/5
down whorl length. The aperture aligned with the shoulder. The shell has a
gray-greenish plain background with dotted light grey ornamentation and irregular
White dashes; the two light bands are visible inside the aperture with two wide
darker bands.
Discussion:-
Proposed new species Conus boavistensis Rolàn & Fernandes, 1990
Taxonomic revision of West
African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020
----------
Conus antonioi Cossignani, 2014
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
a
Published in: Malacologia 82, p. 28 - 29
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia Pequeña,
Boa Vista, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 21,0 x 12,8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus
crotchii Reeve, 1843; see Disicussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-antonioi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- The specimens
studied were found at 0.3 to 8 feet deep, on rock
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Shell small (15 to 25mm) pear-shaped
profile , with gentle convexity in a low spire whose whorls are marked by four
spiral grooves evident , the shoulder is rounded and wide aperture begins at
shoulder, continuing the line of the spire . The color is white inside. The
profile of last whorl is moderately convex with a tendency to linearity in
siphonal area . The coloring is tawny - yellowish with minute spiral lines of
more intense color . Minute white speckles almost triangular with clockwise
orientation characterize the middle band and the shoulder; the area near the
siphonal canal is a more intense color tending to brown.
Discussion:-
Proposed new species Conus crotchii Reeve, 1949
Taxonomic revision of West
African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020
----------
Conus antoniomonteiroi Rolán, 1990
Pictures:.
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Iberus
Sup. 2, p. 47, pl. 1,
f. 16, pl. 2, f. 16, pl. 3
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Parda, Isla de Sal, Cape Verde Is.; 0.5 - l m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16.8 x 8.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-antoniomonteiroi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde. The oriental coast of the island of Sal:
Pedro de Lume and Parda.
Habitat:-Low rocks in a depth from 0,5 to 1 m. Rarely in greater depths.
Description:-Source Original description Iberus
Description: Morphology of the seashell. The maximum dimension is, usually,
between 10 and 18 mm. The largest specimen is of 20 mm. The silhouette is a
little peculiar with a not very long last whorl, shoulder very marked and spire
with concave profile that barely is elevated in the last whorls, but is sharp
in its beginnings; the whorls of the spire are not stepped and present a plain
striated spiral. Coloring brownish-green, varying tones from yellow to olive;
on this base color appear various marks of white color that are situated on the
shoulder and in a narrow band below the middle of the last whorl. One more
light band usually appears under the shoulder. Little variability with changes
of tones or of the quantity of spots. Aperture, somewhat colored when the last
whorl is not very developed, is white in most cases. Columella white or pink.
Periostracum yellow, transparent, fine, possesses frequently spiral lines with
bumps.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus aphrodite Petuch, 1979
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in DMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Nemouria,
no. 23, p. 11, f. 34 & 35
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Panglao, Bohol Is., Philippines; ca. 250 m.
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-aphrodite
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Ryukyus; Philippines; New Caledonia
Habitat:-In depths of 120-380 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small and light. Last whorl usually conical, outline almost straight; left side
slightly concave at base. Shoulder angulate to carinate. Spire usually of
moderate height, slightly stepped; outline concave. Larval shell of 3.25-3.5
whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-1 mm. First 2-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate,
following whorls carinate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat or slightly concave,
with arcuate radial threads; spiral striation obsolete or absent. Last whorl
glossy, with a few spiral ribs and ribbons at base and 1-2 fine spiral grooves
below shoulder.
Ground colour violet-grey or beige. Last whorl variably overlaid with brown
axial blotches and numerous variably broad spiral rows of alternating brown and
light dots and dashes. A narrow light spiral band located below centre, often a
similar but less prominent light band above centre. Larval whorls white to
beige. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial blotches and darker brown
dots along the outer margin. Aperture violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 15-24 mm
RW 0.03-0.06 g/mm
RD 0.61-0.68
PMD 0.84-0.96
RSH 0.17-0.24
Discussion:-C. aphrodite
resembles C. memiae and C. dayriti. The latter species differs
in its lower spire (RSH 0.07-0.17) and its spirally grooved sutural ramps; only
its first 0.25-2 postnuclear whorls are weakly tuberculate or undulate.
----------
Conus aplustre Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Conch.
Icon.. I, Conus, pl. 30, sp. 170
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: designated (C, M & W) Woody Head, N.S.W., Australia.
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-aplustre
Synonyms:- neglectus A. Adams,
1854; cooki Brazier, 1870
Geographic Range:-New South Wales and S. Queensland, Australia
Habitat:-In shallow water; under rocks
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely
conical to broadly and ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically,
straight toward base; left side may be concave near base. Shoulder angulate to
rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to sigmoid.
Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave; 3 increasing to 5-8 variably
fine spiral grooves on late ramps. Last whorl with rather widely spaced
distinct spiral ribs on basal third to half.
Ground colour greyish to light blue. Last whorl with 2-5 (usually 3) variably
broad, olive to brown or pink spiral bands. Variably spaced spiral rows of
small to large squarish brown dots extending from base to shoulder, sometimes
reduced and often with intermittent greyish to bluish white dashes. Postnuclear
sutural ramps with brown wavy radial lines and streaks, sometimes extending
over shoulder. Aperture brownish or dark violet behind a translucent marginal
zone, with a pale band at centre and shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 20-27 mm
RW 0.05-0.13 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.73
PMD 0.75-0.85
RSH 0.09-0.14
Similar to C. papilliferus which has
smaller brown spots in regular spiral rows, thinner, lighter with more angular
shoulder and flatter spire
Discussion:-C. aplustre is
similar to C. papilliferus in shape
and sculpture. The latter species is often larger and less straight in outline.
Its last whorl pattern lacks spiral colour bands but has olive to dark brown
axial markings, and the dotted spiral lines are more often incomplete or absent;
its last whorl sculpture is less prominent, and its periostracum has spiral
rows of tufts. The animals have a quite different colouration.
----------
Conus
apogrammatus Dall, 1910
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USMN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 38 (1741), p. 224, not figured
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Panama, (West coast)
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35.5 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus princeps
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Ductoconus Species:-princeps f. apogrammatus
Synonyms:
Geographic Range:- West coast of Panama
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately to very heavy, often cumbersome, with a low gloss; obconical, the sides nearly straight; basal ridges and axial threads; shoulder roundly angled, with heavy but low coronations, broad; spire low/flat, the early whorls erode; whorls heavily coronated, slightly concave above; body whorl deep pink to bright orange, rarely yellowish, with/ without narrow/broad irregular axial flammules/threads of black/dark brown;spire color as body with curved blackish lines; early whorls eroded white; aperture narrow, uniform; outer lip sharp, straight; mouth dull pink to orange often milky white within; columella short narrow
C. p. aprogrammatus lacks markings.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus arafurensis Monnier,
Limpalaër & Robin, 2013
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in the Illinois Natural History Survey Eric Monnier
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 1, 2013; p. 19 – 21, fig, 20; Pl. 2 & 3
Ocean geography: Indo Pacific
Type Locality: Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
Type Data: Holotype in INHS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42,60 x 21,20 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pioconus Species:-arafurensis
Synonyms:
Geographic Range:- Australia
Habitat:-Said to be collected in 140 m; other information indicates that it lived under a stone in a small pool.
Description:-Original Description
Moderately small to medium size varying from 25 to more than 50 mm. spire moderately high and rather straight to slightly concave. The last whorl shape is conical to ventricosely conical.
The adult shell has about ten whorls. The first teleoconch whorls are tuberculate and stepped. The suture attaches to the previous whorl below the angulate shoulder. The sutural ramp is sculptured with two spiral grooves that increase to nine or ten spiral striae on the last whorl. The shoulder of the teleoconch whorls remains undulate down to the aperture.
The last whorl has a conical to ventricosely conical shape. It is spirally sculptured with 10 to 30 raised and pustulose cords from base to shoulder. The sculpture tends to fade progressively with growth. The pattern of the last whorl has a background made of very light blue-grey covered by irregular orange and orange-brown patches more packed in two bands over and under the middle of the last whorl. The raised cords are covered by spiral lines of dark brown dots articulated with white spots which correspond to the pustules. The outer lip is sharp and bordered one or two millimetre inside with a brown to purplish axial band.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus araneosus [Lightfoot], 1786
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Martini (1773: Pl. 61 fig.676)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Cat.
Portland Mus. p. 76, no. 1714, p. 106,
no. 2328
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: China and Coromandel Coast
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini
(1773, pl. 61, fig.676)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-araneosus
Synonyms:- arachnoideus
Gmelin, 1791; araneosus Hwass in
Bruguiere, 1792; nicobaricus Hwass in
Bruguiere, 1792; reticulatus Perry,
1811; monstrosus Kuster, 1837; peplum Sowerby ii, 1857;
Geographic Range:-Sri Lanka and S.E. India.
Habitat:-Intertidal to 20 m, on limestone and sandy substrata. C. a. araneosus appears to feed on
gastropods.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical, generally
broader in C. a. araneosus outline straight to slightly convex. Shoulder
angulate, weakly to strongly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height,
consistently low in C. a. nicobaricus;
outline straight. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate. Later teleoconch
sutural ramps concave and nearly smooth. Last whorl with weak spiral ribs above
base.
C. a. araneosus: Ground colour white,
tinged with violet in shells from India. Last whorl with a fine network of
reddish brown lines outlining small white tents, usually with a dark brown
spiral band on each side of centre. Bands interrupted by bluish ground-colour
tents and a few brown tents. Teleoconch sutural ramps with fine reddish brown
zigzag lines and bluish brown marginal blotches between tubercles. Aperture
nearly white (shells from Sri Lanka) or outer part pale violet, interior deep
yellow (shells from southeast India).
Shell Morphometry
L 55-100 mm
RW 0.40-1.50 g/mm
RD 0.61-0.70
(C. a. araneosus; 0.61-0.70; -C. a. nicobaricus 0.54-0.63)
PMD 0.86-0.94
RSH 0.09-0.15
(C. a. araneosus; C. a. nicobaricus
0.04-0.09)
Discussion:-C. areneosus
‘relative broad; gloss low, whole shell coarse appearance; lacks dark spiral
blotch below shoulder; tenting fine irregular mouth exterior dark violet; no
coronations on shoulder; Northern Indian Ocean Red Sea NE Africa India Sri
Lanka;
C. nicobarius: narrower;gloss high
delicately patterned, well developed band of dark blotches below shoulder; tenting
very open, tents large continuing to mouth; coronations strong ,erect; Philippines,
Andaman, Nicobar.
C. araneosus resembles C. bandanus in shape, but the latter
species attains larger size (to 150 mm). Its last whorl colour pattern is a
much coarser network and has many fewer white tents. RKK consider C. a. araneosus and C. a. nicobaricus as subspecies, because they are nearly
indistinguishable in shell characters and colouration of the animal.
Conus
araneosus nicobaricus Hwass in
Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Brugiere Tableau (1798, pl. 318, fig. 9)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 612
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Indies, [presumably Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengal].
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 318, fig. 9)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus araneosus [Lightfoot], 1786
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-araneosus nicobaricus subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Moluccas to Philippines; probably also in Nicobar and Andaman Islands.
Habitat:-Shallow water, on sand substrate under corals and in coral rubble on subtidal reef platforms.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Spire of low to moderate height, consistently low in C. a. nicobaricus outline straight. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate. Later teleoconch sutural ramps concave and nearly smooth. Last whorl with weak spiral ribs above base.
Shell Morphometry
L 55-100 mm
RW 0.40-1.50 g/mm
RD 0.54-0.63
PMD 0.86-0.94
RSH 0.04-0.09
C. a. nicobaricus: Ground colour white, occasionally with a tinge of red or violet. Last whorl with a network of reddish brown to blackish brown lines outlining variously sized white tents that often coalesce. Usually with 3 discontinuous bluish or blackish brown spiral bands, on both sides of centre and below shoulder; central band more pronounced than other bands. Spire and shoulder with fine, dark brown zigzag lines and blue-tinged brown blotches between tubercles. Aperture white to light violet, yellow deeper within.
----------
Conus arangoi Sarasua, 1977
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paratype
ANSP Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Poeyana,
no. 165, p. 1, f. 1a-b
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Marianao, Habana, Cuba; 10-15 m.
Type Data: Holotype in IZAC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 34 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-arangoi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas, Cuba
Habitat:-10 m to 30 m
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell is light for genus not exceeding 35 mm in length. Protoconch of 2
papillose whorls; spire whorls and shoulder with small nodules; the last whorl
surface shiny with spiral striae, crossed by fine growth lines; Pattern is
hazy; colour yellowish, sometimes rose, base white; last whorl with three bands
of irregular orange marks, one band below the shoulder, one below the middle,
and one at the base; between these bands interrupted spiral bands of orange may
be present; spire the same colour
Discussion:-Vink:C. arangoi
differs from C. havanensis in being
larger, lighter in weight and more smooth (the spiral lines are only very
weakly sculptured and more widely spaced). C.
arangoi has the upper one of the three bands of orange maculations well
below the shoulder (where the diameter is maximum), in C. havanensis the upper band (if present) is near the shoulder .
----------
Conus arawak Petuch & Myers, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MZSP Petuch & Myers
Published in: Xenophora
Taxonomy 3, p. 31 – 32 with fig, fig. 3, J & K
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: Off eastern coast of Petit Martinique Island, Grenadines
(Dependency Grenada), Lesser Antilles Archipelago
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-JASPIDICONUS
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-arawak
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Petit Martinique, Grenadines
Habitat:-In carbonate sand, 3 m depth, near coral reefs
Description:-: Shell rotund and slightly inflated, with distinctly
convex sides; shoulder sharply angled, bordered by thin, rounded carina; spire
elevated, broadly pyramidal, with slightly convex outline; body whorl polished
and shiny, sculptured with 16 slightly incised, evenly-spaced, thin spiral
sulci; anteriormost 10 spiral sulci larger and more deeply-incised than
posterior 6 sulci; spire whorls smooth; body whorl pale salmon-pink with broad
bands of paler pink around mid-body and anterior end; shoulder carina marked
with 20 tiny evenly-spaced pale tan dots; spire whorls pale salmon-pink, with
few widely-scatered large orange-tan amorphous flammules; aperture
proportionally wide, becoming wider toward anterior end; interior of aperture
salmon-orange; protoconch proportionally large, rounded, mamillate, salmon-pink
in color, composed of 2 whorls.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus arbornatalis da
Motta, 1978
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Natural
Study (Thai). 2. no. 1. seq. 7 p. 7. figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled off Ranong, Thailand. towards Bay of Bengal;
40-60 fathoms.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 64 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
amadis Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-amadis arbornatalis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Andaman Sea
Habitat:-Found offshore in 70-100 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. amadis.
Discussion:-C. arbornatalis is
an ecological variant from deeper water than other forms, that has a higher
spire.
----------
Conus archetypus Crosse, 1865
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J.
Conchyl. xiii, p. 313, pl. x, f. 7
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Designated (Vink) Baia de Todos os Santos, Salvador,
State of Bahia, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus
Synonyms:- brasiliensis Clench,
1942; bertarollae Costa & Simone,
1997; baiano Coltro, 2004; cargilei Coltro, 2004; mauricioi Coltro, 2004
Geographic Range:-Brazil
Habitat:-Shallow water reef 10-14 m
Description:-Original description.
Shell quite solid, smooth and glassy, with traces of obsolete grooves on the
spire. Base colour solid fawn with numerous brown spiral dots plus two clear
bands of purplish rose colour, one below the shoulder and the other midbody.
Area of white irregular spots; the middle zone is encircled with two bands of
darker fawn.The spire is quite prominent with white and chestnut brown markings
of equal size. The base has grooves with the dotted markings of the main
whorl.The aperture is purplish.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus
archetypus f. baiano Coltro, 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZUSP
Original Description
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Strombus
11, p. 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: 25 km SW Abrolhos Arch., off Alcobaca, Bahia State,
Brazil (17deg 24 S, 38deg 20 W)
Type Data: Holotype in MZUSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus baiano forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brasil, Bahia State
Habitat:-Lives on rubble and coral sand bottom at 10-25 meters on
offshore reefs on southern Bahia State, Brazil
Description:-Source: Original description
Description: Length: 23 to 30 m, concave-sided moderately elevated spire (1/8
of length). Shoulder of the body whorl smooth. Body whorl slightly convex with
6-8 incised lines on the base. Apex pink-white to white, nucleus with 1 1/2 to
2 whorls, fine ribs on the first whorls. Spire with 5 up 7 whorls, with medium
deep suture with white and brown dots, each whorl with 3-5 distinct spiral
ridges crossed by many fine curved axial threads. Color body bright red with
white marks and brown dots lines, sometimes dark purple-brown and white . Pink
red aperture on red specimens or purple aperture on the purple specimens..
Discussion:-Conus baiano seems
to belong to the C. archetypus
Crosse, 1865 complex. The shell of the new species resembles the shells of C. bertarollae Costa & Simone, 1997
and C. abrolhosensis Petuch, 1986
with regard to spire ridges, color and patterns. However, the shell of C. baiano has a spire comparatively more
elevated and a brighter coloration. Conus
bertarollae and C. abrolhosensis
have variable white and red spire, while C.
baiano has white and brown marks in red background spire. Conus baiano is restricted to a single
reef complex, with the red population distributed on the north part of the reef
and the purple (and more rare) in the southern part of the reef. Besides some
species as Conus bertarollae and C. baiano may be closer, C. bertatollae and C. abrolhosensis are found together but C. baiano is found far south, has an allopatric distribution and
no intermediate specimens were found between them, even checking some large
quantities of shells from this area.
Conus
archetypus f. bertarollae Costa
& Simone, 1997
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MORG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Siratus
3, p. 4. fig.
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Alcobaca, Bahia, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MORG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 11.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus bertarollae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brazil, Bahia
Habitat:-Shallow water, reef
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for genus.Color bright orange red with white blotches on shoulder
and spire and a spiral band of irregular blotches at midbody.This band may be
missing in some specimens.Spire 12-15% of total length, sculptured with thin
spiral grooves.Suture deep giving spire a stepped aspect.Protoconch white
mamillate. Whorl with slightly convex outline covered with thin axial growth
lines crossed by circa 25 spiral lines that become stronger anteriorly.Shoulder
angular and smooth.
Discussion:-C. bertarollae can
be distinguished by its colour. It lives with C. archetypus which has a length width ratio of 1.74 compared to C. bertarollae at 1.94. The color of archetypus is paler and the spiral
structure weaker.
The common forms of C. ceruttii from
Honduras are very similar but typically C.
ceruttii is larger 40 mm v. 26 mm and its spiral groove structure is
limited to anterior third of shell.
Conus
archetypus brasiliensis Clench, 1942
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MCZ
Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Johnsonia
1, p. 24, pl. 12,
f. 2.
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Victoria, Espirito Santo state, Brazil.
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.9 x 12.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus brasiliensis subsp.
Synonyms:- abrolhosensis Petuch, 1987 (According to Filmer)
Geographic Range:-Brasil
Habitat:-Shallow water reef
Description:-Source Original description
Shell relatively thin and small, probably reaching length of 25 mm. Color a
mottled reddish brown in two bands seperated by midarea of white which is well
invaded by patches of the brownish red. Spire low, obtuse at 125deg angle and
possessing fine spiral threads.Aperture oblique with thin outer lip.Sculpture
of 6-8 spiral threads near base; remainder of shell smooth with faint axial
threads.
Vink commented
The subspecies has a colour pattern somewhat similar to that of typical C. archetypus but with the lighter
patches on the upper half of the body whorl very distinct, so that the pattern
can also be described as consisting of two broad spiral bands of brown, tan or
orange on a whitish background, often connected by axial flammules and streaks;
Many specimens with spiral lines of brownish dots. Background often not evenly
coloured.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus archetypus
f. cargilei Coltro, 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Strombus
11, p. 5
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: 75 km NNE Abrolhos Arch., off Alcobaca, Bahia State,
Brazil (15deg 57 S, 38deg 01 W)
Type Data: Holotype in MZUSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus
cargilei forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brasil
Habitat:-Lives on rubble and coral sand bottom at 20-35 meters on
offshore reefs on southern Bahia State, Brazil
Description:-Source: Original description
Description: Length: 16 to 25 mm, concave-sided moderately elevated spire (1/6
of length). Shoulder of the body whorl smooth with a sharp angle. Body whorl
elongated, straight to slightly convex with 8-9 incised lines on the base on
adult specimens. Juvenile specimens have entire body covered by incised lines.
Apex pink or pink-orange, nucleus 2 to 2.5 whorls, smooth. Spire with 5 up 7
whorls, with two or three (light) weak spiral ridges, white and brown
dots.Color body extremely variable, from completely black, to dark brown with
lines, grey and green, red- brown, etc. The black or black and white specimens
are colorful when juveniles. Deep purple aperture with shell color margin.
Discussion:-The most variable shell from the Abrolhos Archipelago, it is
probably related to the Conus archetypus
Crosse complex of species. As most of the other related species, has an
ornamented top and an extremely variation of patterns and colors. The new
species could be confused with the very similar C. beddomei and C.
brasilensis, but C. cargilei is
more elongated and has straighter sides than C. beddomei and C.
brasiliensis, or even any other species from the complex. The shape and
proportions of the shell are very characteristic, and there are not found
intermediates between C. cargilei and
any other species that belong to the same complex. The new species lives in two
offshore reefs and no specimens were found outside these localities yet.
Conus archetypus
f. mauricioi Coltro, 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MZUSP Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Strombus
11, p. 6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Rio do Fogo, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZUSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 19 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus mauricioi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Habitat:-Lives on coral sand bottom at 10-25 meters on offshore reefs
Description:-Source: Original description
Length: 17 to 22 mm, concave-sided, almost straight moderately elevated spire
(1/5 of length). Shoulder of the body whorl smooth. Body whorl slightly convex
with 6-8 light incised lines on the base. Apex pink, nucleus with 2 to 2.5
whorls. Spire with 6 up 8 whorls. A medium deep suture between the whorls.
Color body extremely variable, from bright yellow or pink-red to brown, green,
purple and even bluish-grey. Always with white blotches or marks. Spiral cord
bands are present on 90% of the examined specimens. Top with white and brown
marks on shell color background. Pink white aperture, colored inner margin.
Discussion:-During many years this species was confused with the
Caribbean species Conus beddomei
Sowerby, 1901. Conus mauricioi is
very variable in color and patterns, the body whorl is comparatively shorter
and wider than in C. beddomei and
even in the others species of the C.
archetypus complex which occur in Brazil.
----------
Conus archiepiscopus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p.
747
Ocean geography : Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Indies
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 68 x 36 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus textile
Linnaeus, 1758; Monnier et al., 2018 in Xenophora Taxonomy 2018 revalidate it
to the status of a valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-textile archiepiscopus forma
Synonyms:- biancae Bozzetti, 2010;
communis Swainson, 1840; euetrios Sowerby iii, 1882; eumites Tomlin, 1926; panniculus Lamarck, 1810; priscae Bozzetti, 2012; pyramidalis 1810; sirventi Fenaux, 1943; suzannae
van Rossum, 1990
Geographic Range:-W. Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on coral reef from the reef crest to
deeper water inside the lagoon and sometimes also on flats of mainland coasts.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. textile
C. archiepiscopus : Last whorl
ventricosely conical to ovate, with a fine reticulate pattern and distinct
spiral colour bands. Ground colour white, sometimes suffused with blue. Known
from different localities within the W. Indian Ocean. RKK consider it a form of
C. textile very similar to form
euetrios. In Madagascar it intergrades with sympatric conoid-cylindrical
variants of C. textile. Shells
similar in shape and colour pattern sometimes occur in Melanesia.
----------
Conus architalassus
[Lightfoot], 1786
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Argenville, 1757, App., pl.
1, fig. M
Published in: Cat.
Portland Mus. p. 189, no. 4017
Ocean
geography: Indo-Pacific
Type
Locality: Amboyna, (Ambon,
Indonesia), designated unnecessarily (C, M & W) the Moluccas, Indonesia.
Type Data: A
representative type figure has been recorded as: Argenville, 1757, App. pl. 1,
fig. M. (fig. 48 x 24 mm. same figure as Martini, 1773, vignette 26, fig. 1).
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus ammiralis Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group
Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-ammiralis architalassus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic
Range:-Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Sand
coral
Description::
-C. architalassus refers
to granulose specimens of C. a. ammiralis
---------
Conus archon Broderip & Sowerby, 1833
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond. 1833, p. 54
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Bahia of Montija
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-archon
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W. Mexico - Panama
Habitat:-Offshore to 100 m
Description:-Source Walls
Heavy, solid, with low/moderate gloss; sides straight;weak basal ridges, numerous
axial lines;shoulder broad roundly angulate/carinate;spire moderate,sides
concave;early whorls bluntly pointed, middle ones coronate; tops of whorls
concave; body whorl opaque white or cream, overlaid with large blotches of tan,
chestnut, red brown often arranged in spiral or axial bands; whorl covered with
fine spiral lines of brown and white dashes/dots; axial growth lines stained
brown yellow; spire white/cream with rectangular red brown blotches;numerous
curved brown lines; aperture moderate uniform; outer lip sharp sloping below
shoulder; mouth white; columella indistinct.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus arcuatus Broderip & Sowerby, 1829
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Neotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Zool. Journ. 4, p.
379
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Near Mazatlan, Mexico
Type Data: Neotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Kohniconus Species:-arcuatus
Synonyms:- borneensis A.
Adams & Reeve, 1848
Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W Mexico - Ecuador-Peru
Habitat:-Moderate deep
Description:-Source Walls
Light in weight, fragile with moderate gloss; sides convex posteriorly then
pinched in to narrow base; body covered partially or fully by broad flat
ribs;grooves broad; shoulder broad, sharply carinate; spire high, pointed, sides
concave; whorls strongly stepped carinate, concave above; early whorls only
slightly nodulose; body whorl white/cream usually with three irregular bands
yellowish to red brown axial spots; Shoulder and later spire whorls with small
oval brown spots; early whorls pale pinkish; aperture narrow, uniform; outer
lip very thin sharp, convex; mouth white; columella indistinct
Discussion:-C. arcuatus can be
distinguished by its broad flat spiral ridges which can reach shoulder of
become obsolete at midbody. See C.
janowskyae from Caribbean which is similar species.
----------
Conus ardisiaceus Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Neotype in Naturalis, Leiden, Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Spec.
Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 316,
pl. 108, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Masirah Island, Oman
Type Data: Neotype in Naturalis Leiden, deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35 x 20 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-ardisiaceus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Muscat - Oman
Habitat:-Shallow water; on coral reef
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Description: Moderately small to medium-sized, usually moderately solid. Last
whorl ventricosely conical to broadly and ventricosely conical, sometimes
broadly ovate; outline convex, less so to straight toward base; left side
constricted at base or sigmoid. Shoulder rounded to angulate. Spire of low to
moderate height, outline concave to almost straight or slightly sigmoid. Larval
shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 1-1.1 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps
flat, with 3 increasing to 5-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with a few usually
weak spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour white to light greyish blue. Last whorl usually with brown,
olive, orange, or blackish brown flecks, variable in shape and arrangement and
often fusing into 3 spiral bands, at centre, below shoulder and at base, and
with axial streaks or blotches. Pattern varying from scattered flecks to solid
bands. Spiral rows of variably alternating brown and white to light grey dots
and dashes generally extending from base to shoulder; rows without light
markings intergrade with rows containing only a few dark dots and consisting
mainly of light dashes. Base, siphonal fasciole and columella light to dark
brown. Apex white to orange. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown to blackish
brown radial streaks and blotches, usually faded in early whorls. Aperture
light to dark violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-55 mm
RW 0.10-0.32 g/mm
RD 0.65-0.73
PMD 0.70-0.83
RSH 0.10-0.20
Discussion:-C. ardisiaceus
resembles C. anemone, C. tinianus and
C. papilliferus. C. tinianus differs in a narrower last whorl (RD about 0.53-0.66)
that is ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical rather than to ovate (PMD
about 0.76-0.84); the spiral sculpture on its late sutural ramps is finer and
weak to obsolete. C. tinianus has a yellow to orange-red or a black animal that
is heavily dotted with white. The taxonomic status of C. ardisiaceus was disputed until Coomans et al. (1981) designated
a neotype satisfactorily corresponding with Kiener's original figure. RKK agree
with these authors in applying the name to a Conus species endemic to Oman.
Not appropriate for the name arenaria
----------
Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. vol. 1 p. 621.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Puncticulis Species:-arenatus
Synonyms:- arenosus
Roding, 1798; stercusmuscarum Röding,
1798; granulosa Lamarck, 1822; punctisminutissimis Lamarck, 1822; mesokatharos Tryon, 1884; undata Dautzenberg, 1937; aequipunctata Dautzenberg, 1937; granulosa Dautzenberg, 1937; bizona Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils,
1981
Geographic Range:-Indonesia and Pacific
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 30 m, living almost exclusively in sand.
Mainly on wide stretches of sand on intertidal to shallow-subtidal reef flats;
occasionally also in rubble mixed with sand, in mud among mangroves or on
heterogeneous reef substrate
Description:-Source Living Conidae C.
arenatus
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy; maximum size
smaller in eastern populations. Last whorl usually ventricosely conical in
eastern populations, conical to sometimes broadly conical in the W. Indian
Ocean; outline convex, sometimes straight centrally. Siphonal fasciole
distinct, occasionally separated from basal zone by an incision. Shoulder
subangulate to rounded, weakly to strongly tuberculate. Spire of low to
moderate height, outline straight to moderately convex. Postnuclear spire
whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 1 increasing to 4-6
spiral grooves. Last whorl with weak spiral ribs at base; in subadults and
small adults, ribs may be granulose and extend to shoulder.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of brown or black dots,
clustered in 2-3 interrupted spiral bands or in axial zigzag flames; dotted
areas often with underlying grey shadows, most conspicuous within spiral bands.
Opaque white dashes often irregularly alternating with dark dots. Larval whorls
white. Teleoconch sutural ramps variably maculated with axial clusters of brown
and black dots. Aperture white, brown or pinkish orange deeper within.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-67 mm
(eastern populations; 35-90 mm W. Indian Ocean populations)
RW 0.20-1.10 g/mm
RD 0.60-0.72
PMD 0.75-0.85
(eastern populations; 0.84 - 0.89 W. Indian Ocean populations)
RSH 0.08-0.19
Discussion:-C. arenatus
resembles C. pulicarius in shell characters and often also in body colourationCoomans
et al. (1979, 1981, 1982) recognize 3 geographical subspecies: C. a. arenatus (Indonesia and Pacific); C. a. aequipunctatus (Red Sea; Gulf
of Aden) and C. a. bizona (Kenya to
Thailand). However, the pattern differences between the two western subspecies
are not constant. Although C. a. bizona
was described as having two bands and C.
a. aequipunctatus as having three, the third band is incomplete or lacking
in some specimens from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, and it is present in some
specimens from Sri Lanka. As noted above, W. Indian Ocean shells differ in size
and shape from those farther east. In form mesikatharos the central part of the
last whorl is unspotted, form granulosa bears granules on the entire last
whorl, and form undata shows dots arranged in flame- like axial clusters.
Conus arenatus f. aequipunctatus Dautzenberg,
1937
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Mem.
Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. Ii, fasc. 18, p. 31, pl. I, f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: designated (C, M & W) Red Sea coast at Jeddah, (Saudi
Arabia).
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53.3 x2 9.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
arenatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Puncticulis Species:-arenatus aequipunctata forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Red Sea, Gulf Aden
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 30 m, living almost exclusively in sand.
Mainly on wide stretches of sand on intertidal to shallow-subtidal reef flats;
occasionally also in rubble mixed with sand, in mud among mangroves or on
heterogeneous reef substrate
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. arenatus
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy; maximum size
smaller in eastern populations. Last whorl usually ventricosely conical in
eastern populations, conical to sometimes broadly conical in the W. Indian
Ocean; outline convex, sometimes straight centrally. Siphonal fasciole distinct,
occasionally separated from basal zone by an incision. Shoulder subangulate to
rounded, weakly to strongly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height,
outline straight to moderately convex. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate.
Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 1 increasing to 4-6 spiral grooves. Last
whorl with weak spiral ribs at base; in subadults and small adults, ribs may be
granulose and extend to shoulder.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of brown or black dots,
clustered in 2-3 interrupted spiral bands or in axial zigzag flames; dotted
areas often with underlying grey shadows, most conspicuous within spiral bands.
Opaque white dashes often irregularly alternating with dark dots. Larval whorls
white. Teleoconch sutural ramps variably maculated with axial clusters of brown
and black dots. Aperture white, brown or pinkish orange deeper within.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-67 mm
(eastern populations; 35-90 mm W. Indian Ocean populations)
RW 0.20-1.10 g/mm
RD 0.60-0.72
PMD 0.75-0.85
(eastern populations; 0.84 - 0.89 W. Indian Ocean populations)
RSH 0.08-0.19
Discussion:-Coomans et al. recognize 3 geographical subspecies: C. a. arenatus (Indonesia and Pacific); C. a. aequipunctatus (Red Sea; Gulf of
Aden) and C. a. bizona (Kenya to
Thailand). However, the pattern differences between the two western subspecies
are not constant. Although C. a. bizona
was described as having two bands and C.
a. aequipunctatus as having three, the third band is incomplete or lacking
in some specimens from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, and it is present in some
specimens from Sri Lanka. As noted above, W. Indian Ocean shells differ in size
and shape from those farther east.
----------
Conus ariejoostei Veldsman, 2016
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NMSA Original Description
Published in: Malacologia
no. 92, July 2016; p. 28, fig. 4 & 5
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Off Coffee Bay, North East Coast Sub-Province, East Coast
Province, South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in NMSA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20.82 x 12.13 mm
Nomenclature: an available name
Taxonomy: A form
of Sciteconus brianhayesi Korn, 2001
or valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-ariejoostei
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-South Africa
Habitat:-Dredged on 110 m on sand
Description:-Source original description
Shell small, moderately high; profile conical; shoulder moderately convex, slightly
round and smooth. Spire moderately high, slightly stepped with a sharp
nipple-like protoconch with a moderately deep suture. Very fine ridges close to
suture, on inner part of the spire whorl, spire off-white with no markings. The
basal third has very fine ribs around the body whorl. Moderately narrow
aperture with rounded convex lip. No markings on shoulder, thin orange band
below the shoulder around the body whorl. The background color is off-white to
cream; in some specimens thin bands are visible. Broad orange band below the
thin dark orang band at shoulder, followed by a moderately broad orange band
around body whorl. The basal third has light brown band around body whorl
becoming darker at basal end.
Discussion:-C. ariejoostei is
found in a very localized area, in the northern Transkei region of South Africa.
They are a deep-water species, being dredged from about 70 to 100m deep. They
are only known from a very restricted area at present.
----------
Conus aristophanes Sowerby ii, 1857
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Thes.
Conch. iii, p. 9, pl. 4 (190), f. 81 & 82
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines and Sandwich Is.
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
coronatus Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Miliariconus Species:-coronatus aristophanes forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Tahiti, Fiji and Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal to 10m in sand.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C.
coronatus
Form aristophanes
has a narrower, less ventricose last whorl with a straighter outline, and fewer
spiral grooves on the later sutural ramps. It more often has a bluish or
greyish last whorl with more pronounced pale spiral bands.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus armadillo Shikama, 1971
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in KPMY Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Sci.
Rep. Yokohama Nat'l. Univ. sect. II, no.
18, p. 34, text f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Taiwan
Type Data: Holotype in KPMY deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 73 x 32.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-armadillo
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Taiwan; Philippines; Queensland; Loyalty Island
Habitat:-Deep Water. In 100-390 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large and solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical, outline convex at
adapical fourth to half, less so to straight below. Shoulder subangulate to
angulate. Spire of moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of >3
whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 3-8 postnuclear whorls tuberculate.
Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 0-1 increasing to 3-5 spiral
grooves. Last whorl with widely spaced spiral grooves; intervening ribbons
often with a central groove.
Ground colour white. Ribbons with closely spaced solid or furcate axial brown
dashes; paler brown background flecks often forming a broad spiral band on each
side of centre. Larval whorls white. First 2-3 postnuclear sutural ramps
immaculate. Following sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern;
radial lines continuous from shoulder to subshoulder area. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 60-79 mm
RW 0.30-0.41 g/mm
(L 60-72 mm)
RD 0.51-0.57
PMD 0.77-0.84
RSH 0.15-0.23
Discussion:-C. armadillo
appears to vary little within and between geographic regions. It is very
similar to C. australis: C. australis
gabryae differs in a more ovate last whorl (PMD 0.72-0.80), with a more
prominent sculpture of spiral ribs and ribbons, and a less regular colour
pattern with long, rather continuous axial lines and streaks. C. australis australis is generally
larger (L to 105 mm), has an usually narrower last whorl (RD 0.44-0.52) with a
more prominent spiral sculpture of ribs and ribbons, and its late sutural ramps
bear more spiral grooves. The aperture of
C. a. australis is
sometimes light violet and its last whorl colour pattern is more variable and
less regular. Coomans et al. (1981, 1985b) and Richard (1990) regarded C. armadillo as a valid species closely
related to C. australis, but Walls
[1979] considered the oldest name for C.
armadillo to be C. duplicatus
Sowerby I. However, the original figure of C.
duplicatus shows a shell with a rather straight-sided last whorl and a less
regular last whorl pattern including longer axial brown lines; it probably
refers to a deep subtidal form of C.
australis.
----------
Conus armeniaca Bozzetti, 2009 (Only listed for reference; a nomen nudum)
Pictures: No pictures
Published in: Malacolgia
64, 12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lavanono, Madagascar
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum), described
as a form post 1960
Taxonomy: Not applicable
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name
----------
Conus armiger Crosse, 1858
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in collection Lorois Kiener (1845, pl.
109, fig. 1)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Rev.
Mag. Zool. 2, p. 200
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: designated (C, M & W) coast of Louisiana, Gulf of
Mexico.
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Lorois (C. crenulatus) and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 32 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C.
crenulatus Kiener, 1845.
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-armiger
Synonyms:- crenulatus
Kiener, 1845; clarki Rehder &
Abbott, 1951; frisbeyae Clench & Pulley, 1952
Geographic Range:-W. Florida, southern USA, Mexico
Habitat:-Dredged from sand or mud bottom in 40 to 100 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A rather light but strong shell, 25 to 40 mm, with a typical outline: the sides
of the body whorl strongly convex below the shoulder and then greatly
constricted to form a long narrow anterior canal, the spire high and concave
sided. Shoulder weakly carinate and distinctly nodulose (with 18 to 20 nodules
on the shoulder of the body whorl) or at least undulate, body whorl with broad
squarish ribs which are pustulous, at least on the upper half of the whorl.
Grooves between the ribs with microscopic axial threads. Tops of the whorls
rather flat with about three spiral ridges crossed by axial growth lines.
Nucleus: 1.5 whorls; spire whorls strongly nodulose, in some specimens only the
first three to four post-nuclear whorls nodulose, later whorls with undulated
margin. Colour white or cream, often with distinct brown spots on the ribs and
spire, or with pale brown clouds.
Discussion:-C. armiger could
be confused with C. cancellatus
(which has the sides of the body whorl below the shoulder parallel for a much
longer distance, and which has less pronounced ribs on the body whorl which are
not pustulose and of irregular size) and C.
bajanensis (which is never spotted with brown, and has the ribs on the body
whorl less distinctly pustulose. C.
bajanensis has more than 20 nodules on the shoulder and more pronounced,
wider spaced, axial ribs on the post- nuclear whorls).
C. armiger armiger Crosse relatively
slender;the shoulder nodulose and all spire whorls; body ribs heavy usually
with strong squarish beads, the interstices with brown spots; Gulf of Mexico;
C. armiger bajanensis Usticke Broader at
shoulder and posterior;spire lower and straighter sides; shoulder weakly
nodulose;body ribs beads weaker often just posterior; body whorl with brown
nebulous band over posterior half not spotted; Barbados, Columbia, Surinam.
----------
Conus armillatus C. B. Adams, 1850
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Published in: Contrib.
Conch. 4, p. 59
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Jamaica
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15 x 8.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
hieroglyphus Duclos, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gladioconus Species:-hieroglyphus armillatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Netherland Antilles Aruba
Habitat:-Found at depths of 2 to 4 m under coral heads far out in sea
Description:-Source Vink
A small shell, 15 to 20 mm, with convex sides of the body whorl and a
straight-sided spire. Spire whorls slightly stepped, somewhat convex, with
three to four distinct spiral ridges separated by deep grooves. Nucleus: 1.5
rather large whorls (spire bluntly pointed). Shoulder rounded, body whorl
covered with about 15 widely spaced beaded cords extending to shoulder, the
small beads being spirally elongated. Body whorl black or black brown (reddish
brown in faded specimens) with spiral rows of rectangular white markings.
Sometimes only one row is present at mid-body, but mostly two or even many rows
of white markings can be distinguished, which may fuse axially. The beads and
base of the shell are violet (fading away in old shells). Spire whorls white
with black brown markings, this pattern extending to below the shoulder. C. hieroglyphus cannot easily be
confused with other species: the beads of C.
selenae and C. anaglypticus are
never spirally elongated as to form a distinct narrow spiral ridge. In some
extreme cases the background colour can be recognised as white with rows of
black brown markings, e.g. as in the lectotype of C. armillatus.
Discussion:-There was much confusion after Adams deposited a juvenile
specimen of C. regius as the type,
later corrected. The type locality is questionable.
----------
Conus articulatus Sowerby iii, 1873
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in collection van Lennep Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 146, pl. 15,
f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype was in collection van Lennep and currently assumed
to be lost
Type Size: 18 x 10 mm fig.
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-articulatus
Synonyms:- lombei Sowerby
iii, 1881; nadaensis Azuma &
Toki, 1970; tosaensis Shikama, 1970
Geographic Range:-E. Africa to W. Thailand and Indonesia; Japan to
Philippines; Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Queensland.
Habitat:-Sand coral rubble 30-60 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, light to moderately light. Last whorl usually
conical to broadly conical; outline variably convex adapically, straight (right
side) or concave (left side) below. Shoulder angulate to sharply angulate.
Spire of moderate height to high, slightly stepped; outline slightly to deeply
concave. Larval shell of 3.0-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8- 1.0 mm. First
3-6 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave,
without spiral sculpture. Last whorl with punctuate spiral grooves below centre
and variably broad ribbons between.
Colour variable, primarily brownish orange, red, or olive. Last whorl with a
variably broad, axially maculated white spiral band below centre, mostly edged
by darker flecks or bands and usually with a variable number of dotted brown
spiral lines. Occasionally conspicuous solid brown spiral lines from base to
shoulder. Base and columella often tinged with violet. Larval whorls pink to
violet; early postnuclear sutural ramps of the same colour and immaculate.
Following ramps white, variably marked with brown radial blotches and marginal
spots; shoulder edge regularly ornamented with brown spots. Aperture
translucent.
Shell Morphometry
L 18-29 mm
RW 0.04-0.11 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.74
PMD 0.83-0.95
RSH 0.16-0.30
Discussion:-C. otohimeae
resembles C. articulatus, but it
differs in its larger size (to 40 mm), often tuberculate shoulder, lower spire
(RSH 0.12-0.20), and narrower last whorl (RD 0.59-0.64). It does not have a
violet base.Juvenile specimens of C.
lischkeanus from E. Africa may be very similar to C. articulatus, but can be distinguished by the presence of spiral
grooves on sutural ramps and the absence of tuberculate whorls. C. hamamotoi has a generally broader
last whorl (RD 0.70-0.79) and a generally lower spire (RSH 0.15-0.22); its
early postnuclear sutural ramps have 1-2 spiral grooves, its larval shell is
pale orange rather than pink to violet, its base consistently white, and its
late sutural ramps are brownish red but not white.
C. articulatus is very variable in
shape, especially colouration and spire height, irrespective of locality.
Specimens described as P. nadaensis from
Japan falls within the range of variation observed in C. articulatus from Philippines and W. Thailand. C. lombei refers to a colour pattern variant of C. articulatus with an evenly reddish
brown last whorl. The holotype of C.
tosaensis was collected dead and most probably represents a very large
specimen of C. articulatus.
----------
Conus artoptus Sowerby ii, 1833
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Illus. pt. 33, f. 35
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: South Seas; restricted (C, M & W) to Biak, New Guinea
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby I
(1833: Pt. 33, fig. 35)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Hermes Species:-artoptus
Synonyms:- spectabilis A. Adams, 1854
Geographic Range:-Indonesia and Sulu Sea to Queensland, Papua New
Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
Habitat:-Sand 10-50 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae.
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately light to moderately solid. Last
whorl narrowly cylindrical to narrowly conoid-cylindrical; outline almost straight
and nearly parallel-sided at adapical two-thirds, with attenuated sides below.
Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of moderate height; outline straight or
concave. Larval shell of about 2.25 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.85 mm.
First 4-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly
convex, with 3-4 spiral grooves. Last whorl with fine, closely spaced spiral
ribs from base to shoulder.
Ground colour white, sometimes tinged with pink or violet. Last whorl with
irregular light reddish brown blotches usually fusing into 3 broad transverse
bands, below shoulder, at centre and within basal third. Spiral bands
occasionally connected by axial streaks. In some localities (e.g. Vanuatu,
Solomon Is., New Caledonia), the last whorl also has spiral rows of tiny brown
dots or dashes. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with scattered
brown spots. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-79 mm
RW 0.05-0.15 g/mm
(L 33-47 mm)
RD 0.39-0.47
PMD 0.72-0.84
RSH 0.12-0.15
Discussion:-C. viola
Cernohorsky a grey to purplish red ground colour, a smooth last whorl except
for a few spiral ribs basally, and only the first 1-3.5 postnuclear whorls
weakly tuberculate. C. austroviola
differs in its generally broader last whorl (RD 0.45-0.51), generally higher
spire (RSH 0.14-0.19), bluish grey to brown colouration, and in its smoother
last whorl with a few spiral ribs at base. C.
nussatella can be distinguished from C.
artoptus by its convex spire outline, distinct brown blotches on the
teleoconch spire, and its last whorl pattern predominantly of spiral rows of
reddish brown spots. In addition, C.
nussatella has the maximum diameter of the last whorl generally closer to
the base (PMD 0.60-0.77) and more postnuclear whorls tuberculate.
----------
Conus arubaensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in AMNH Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Caribbean
Cones from St. Croix and Lesser Antilles,
p. 12, pl. I, f. 995
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Aruba; 25 feet. Restricted to Barcadera, Aruba, by
Usticke (1971)
Type Data: Lectotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38.5 x 22.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of baylei
Jousseaume, 1872 which is a subspecies of Conus
spurius Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name
arubaensis
----------
Conus asiaticus da Motta, 1985
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: La
Conchiglia xvii, no. 192-3, p. 25
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Tai-chung, Strait of Taiwan, E. China Sea
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41.5 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-asiaticus
Synonyms:- lovellreevei Raybaudi
G. (Massilia), 1993
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines and Vietnam, Queensland
Habitat:-In depths of 25-60 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Usually medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical,
sometimes also conical in C. a. asiaticus
and slightly ovate in C a. lovellreeve;
outline convex adapicall less so below; left side slightly to distinctly
concave near base. Siphonal fasciole sometimes very prominent and basal part of
columella deflected to left in C. a.
asiaticus. Shoulder angulate to carinate. Spire of moderate height, outline
concave. Larval shell of 2- 2.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7-0.8 mm. First 3-6
postnuclear whorls tuberculate in C. a.
asiaticus, first 1-6 in C. a. lovellreevei. Teleoconch sutural ramps nearly
flat, with 0-1 increasing to 6-10 spiral grooves in C. a. asiaticus and 5-8 grooves in C. a. lovellreevei. Last whorl with strong, widely spaced major
spiral ribs and ribbons, sometimes weakly granulose in C. a. lovellreevei and often strongly granulose in C. a. asiaticus; interspaces with
distinct axial striae crossing spiral threads and 1-3 additional minor spiral
ribs and/or ribbons.
Ground colour white. In C. a. asiaticus,
last whorl sparsely to heavily overlaid with light brown axial streaks and
blotches, mostly concentrated in adapical half and arranged in 1-2 spiral
bands. In C. a. lovellreevei, last
whorl usually adapically with sparse brown dots and axial streaks arranged in
1-2 spiral bands. Larval whorls white or grading to beige in C. a. asiaticus,
white to brownish beige in C. a.
lovellreevei; early postnuclear sutural ramps white to brownish beige in C. a. asiaticus, darker in C. a. lovellreevei. Late ramps with
brown radial streaks and blotches, paler in C.
a. asiaticus. Aperture white.
Discussion:-C. asiaticus is
similar to C. mucronatus, C. alabaster,
C. pagodus, C. sculpturatus, and the typical form of C. sculcatus. C. mucronatus
differs in its last whorl pattern with prominent brown spiral lines, its weaker
spiral sculpture on the adapical part of the last whorl, and its generally more
conical and straight-sided last whorl. C.
alabaster has a lower spire (RSH 0.10-0.14) with a more concave outline
that is rather flat in the late whorls; the spiral elevations on the last whorl
are narrower and the color pattern lacks the brown axial streaks.
Conus
asiaticus lovellreevei Raybaudi G. (Massilia), 1993
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link:
Paul Kersten
Published in: Gloria
Maris xxxii, no. 1, p. 3, pl. 1, f. 4 &
5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Madras, India.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42.5 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
asiaticus da Motta, 1985
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-asiaticus lovellreevei subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-SE India
Habitat:-In depths of 25-60 m.
Description:-
See above.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus assimilis A. Adams, 1854
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, p. 118
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Australia
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 27.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus assimilis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indo Pacific, Australia
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C.
magus
C. assimilis: Last whorl ventricosely
conical. Greyish blue and white clouds with spiral lines of alternating brown
white dashes. Spire white with brown markings.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus ateralbus Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype
in coll. Lorois Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv.,
pl. 108, f. 4 & 4a
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Spec.
Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 313, pl. 108, f. 4 & 4a
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Not Known
Type Data: Syntype was in coll. Lorois and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 45 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Trovaoconus Species:-ateralbus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde
Habitat:-Intertidal and subtidal; on reefs, rock platforms, sand bottoms
or rock rubble, often sheltering beneath stones, rock or boulders and sand.
Description:-Source Iconography.
Shell with a straight profile; the spire is low and gently stepped, with
well-marked suture and obsolete spiral grooves. The shoulder is angulated. The
shell is normally black, with white dots forming a broad spiral band on the
central portion of the last whorl. The spire is black, with white dots. Brown,
yellow-orange and white specimens can be found too. Aperture is purplish,
especially in fresh specimens, with a lighter central zone.
Discussion:-.
----------
Conus athenae Filmer, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in BMHH Mike Filmer
Published in: Hawaii
The Sea Shells Addendum
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Hawaii
Type Data: Holotype in BMHH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22.65 x 11.15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-athenae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Hawaii
Habitat:-Found at 105 fathoms
Description:-Source original description
Shell distinguished from its congeners by its sculpture. The body whorl has a
dull shine and is white or very faint yellow-tan with no distinguishing marks.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus atimovatae Bozzetti
, 2012
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype Luigi Bozzetti
Published in: Malacologia,
77, p. 24, pic.
Ocean geography: Madagascar
Type Locality: Lavanono, South Madgagascar
Type Data: Holotype in the Bozzetti collection
Type Size: 21.39
x 10.63 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus
achatinus Gmelin, 1791; a juvenile specimen
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Pioconus Species: achatinus f. atimovatae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar; only known from the type locality
Habitat:-
Description:-Source original description
Shoulder angulate, body whorl convex on right side, very slightly concave on
left side; body whorl covered by evenly spaced spiral ribs; background color
orange, lighter on the spiral ribs where are discontinuously present rows of
black dashes, two lighter spiral bands under the shoulder and on the central
area; on body whorl background color white oddly suffused by a grayish shade,
the brown sutural band previously present turns in dark brown blotches evenly
distributed.
Discussion:-Monnier, Limpalaër & Robin in Xenophora Taxonomy 1: a
synonym (juvenile) of Pioconus achatinus Gmelin, 1791.
----------
Conus atlanticoselvagem Afonso & Tenorio, 2004
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNCM Manuel Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: La
Conchiglia xxxvi, no. 310, 33
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Joao Valente Bank, 30 mi. SW of Sal Rei, Boavista, Cape
Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of trochulus
Reeve, 1844; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Trovaoconus Species:-atlanticoselvagem
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Banco Joao Valente, Cape Verde; Endemic to a seamount
30 miles from Sal Rei, Boavista, CVI
Habitat:-Found partially buried in sand patches among small rocks, shelI
debris and pink coralline algae in an area subjected to strong to moderate
currents, in depths between 23 and 38 meters
Description:-Source Original description
Shell morphology.
L = 28-44 mm (Largest specimen: 55.7 mm)
RD =0.66-0.69;
RSH = 0.09-0.15;
PMD = 0.89-0.93.
Moderately small to medium-sized shell. The profile is conical, similar to that
of Conus trochulus Reeve, 1844, but
with a more slender shape and slightly higher spire. The last whorl has
straight sides, slightly convex on the shoulder and near the base. The shoulder
is angulated. The aperture is narrow, somewhat wider toward the base. The lip
is straight or slightly concave, particularly in smaller specimens. The spire
is moderate. distinctly convex (domed) with a mammillate pinkish protoconch.The
suture is well-marked, with the late sutural ramps essentially flat. The spire
is white to lavender, always with golden brown radial flecks. The last whorl is
pinkish violet, darker towards the base, around the columellar region. Axial as
well as spiral lines of contrasting darker pink-violet color are often present.
The pattern elements consist of golden brown to purple brown blotches, arranged in up to three interrupted spiral
bands, one around the mid-body, one in the region of maximum diameter below the
shoulder, and the other one near the base, approximately at 1/3 of the aperture
height. Sometimes, the brown blotches appear overlaid with tiny white dashes.
Occasionally the pattern is reduced to two or three broad faint purplish-brown
spiral bands, or alternatively the pattern is very dense and covers most of the
last whor1. The aperture is intense pink-violet within with the inner edge of
the outer lip white. In some specimens, faint spiral lines of darker violet
color may be present. The columella has the same intense pink-violet color of
the aperture. The periostracum is thin, translucent, smooth and pale yellowish.
Shell characters do not vary much. The pink-violet ground color and pinkish
protoconch; the intense pink-violet aperture and columella, and the golden
brown radial flecks on the domed spire are constant features. The degree of
variation among specimens comes from the amount and distribution of the brown
blotches around the last whorl, as well as the fact that some shells are more
slender, with higher spires than others.
Source Iconography
Medium sized , the shell has a straight profile with a moderate distinctly
convex spire with mamillated pink protoconch. The suture is well marked with
flat late sutural ramps; The shoulder is angulated.
The shell is pinkish violet darker towards the base with golden brown to purple
brown blotches, usualyy arranged in three interrupted spiral bands. Variants
include weaker bands and occasionally very dense bands covering much of the
whorl. The spire is white to lavender with golden brown flecks. Color of the
aperture is very intense pink within and outer edge of lip is white. Columella
is also intense violet pink.
Discussion:-The general shape and aspect of the shell are consistent
with those of the C. venulatus group,
the spire of C. atlanticoselvagem is
quite distinctive. The suture and the late suturaI ramps are very similar in
aspect in C. atlanticoselvagem and in
the other species of the venulatus complex. The light pink-violet background
color of C. atlanticoselvagem
together with the vivid pink-violet color of the aperture and columella are
possibly the most immedately distinctive features that allow separation. This
color remains and does not fade under normal circumstances.
Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes
New species proposed: Trovaoconus trochulus Reeve, 1844
----------
Conus atlanticus Clench, 1942
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MCZ Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Johnsonia
1 p. 20, pl. 10, f. 1-3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Bonita Springs, Florida.
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size :48 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus spurius
Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lindaconus Species:-spurius
atlanticus subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E Florida, USA - Mexico
Habitat:-Found on sand bars and grass covered flats in shallow water
which is often turbid. Also dredged from sandy silt bottoms at depths of 30 to
40 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A heavy shell, 40 to 80 mm, with low to moderate strongly concave sided spire.
Body whorl straight to slightly convex, and smooth. In some populations
distinct spiral ridges near the base which may cover nearly the whole body
whorl.
Shoulder roundly angulate, spire whorls smooth with rounded margins, slightly
stepped and concave above. Nucleus: 1.5 whorls; first 2 to 4 postnuclear whorls
coronated, coronation gradually diminishing in subsequent whorls and often not
apparent because of erosion. Animal cream-coloured, operculum ungulate and
large, often longer than 1/3 of aperture height. Radula tooth with serration
over 1/2 length of tooth and very short blade (Warmke, 1960). Periostracum
light brown to red brown, mostly transparent but also thick and obscuring the
contrasting colour pattern underneath.
In C. spurius atlanticus the spiral
rows of dots, squares or oblongs are always regular. Frequently adjoining rows
coalesce to form the typical 'chinese alphabet' shapes. Coalescence to larger
maculations can also be seen, however, these maculations are always within a
number of well delimited bands, and not, as in typical C. spurius, covering broad areas above and below mid body. In
specimens from the Campeche area in Yucatan, Mexico, rows of smaller black
brown spots can be observed. Specimens from Sanibel Is. have a pattern with
large blotches regularly disposed in a number of bands.
Discussion:-Tucker comments: Spuriconus
spurius atlanticus has always been a diffuse concept among authors.
Generally, the only distinguishing trait is that there are brown blotches
overlaying the brown spots. Unfortunately this trait occurs in all of the
northern races recognized by Vink (1985C). Vink cites records for this
subspecies in Yucatan, Venezuela, and Sanibel Island, Florida, which overlaps ranges of nearly all
the other subspecies. Tucker thinks the range should be limited to Florida and
continental areas of the northern Gulf of Mexico. The range of S. s. spurius then should be limited
to the central Caribbean. Vink presented no method that can be profitably used
to distinguish these two subspecies and it t seems unlikely that one will be
found. S. s. atlanticus possibly
should be regarded as a synonym of S. s.
spurius.
----------
Conus attenuatus Reeve, 1844
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, pl. 47, sp. 263
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Curacao
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Reeve
(1844: pl. 47, fig. 263)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-attenuatus
Synonyms:- bifasciatus Sowerby ii, 1857; ustickei
Miller in Nowell-Usticke, 1959 aureonimbosus
Petuch, 1987
Geographic Range:-Martinique
Habitat:-Shallow Water 10-30 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A very elongate shell, light in weight, 20 to 30 mm, with a rather low sharply
pointed spire and straight sides. Shoulder angulate, body whorl smooth except
for a number of fine spiral ridges near the base. Tops of whorls with fine
spiral threads. Nuclear whorls smooth. Animal yellowish white, operculum very
small. The brownish periostracum is very thin, sometimes with a spiral line of
hair-like processes. Most specimens of c. attenuatus are orange-yellow or orange-red
with lighter bands below the shoulder and at midbody, but specimens may also be
uniform yellowish white. A rare form with irregular lighter axial blotches is
more common on Martinique.
Discussion:-Most specimens of C.
attenuatus are orange-yellow or orange-red with lighter bands below the
shoulder and at midbody, but specimens may also be uniform yellowish white. A
rare form(type) with irregular lighter axial blotches is more common on
Martinique.
C. attenuatus could be confused with
c. daucus (which is less elongate and widened just below the shoulder), C. flavescens (which has the sides of
the body whorl somewhat more convex and lacks distinct spiral threads on the
spiral whorls) and C. flamingo (which
is slightly turnip shaped).
----------
Conus augur [Lightfoot], 1786
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Knorr (1772, pl. 13, fig. 6)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Cat.
Portland Mus., p. 44, no. 1046
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: not mentioned, designated (C, M & W) Island of
Ceylon, (Sri Lanka).
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Knorr
(1772, pl. 13, fig. 6)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-augur
Synonyms:- punctatus Gmelin,
1791; augur Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792;
pulverulentus Röding, 1798
Geographic Range:-E. Africa to W. Thailand; probably Moluccas
Habitat:-In 3-25 m; living in muddy sand, on coral rubble and beneath
rocks
Description:-Source Living Conidae.
Medium-sized to moderately large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical; outline
convex at adapical third, slightly concave at central third and almost straight
below. Shoulder subangulate to sharply angulate. Spire usually low; outline
concave to convex. Larval shell of about 2 wide whorls. Teleoconch sutural
ramps concave, with densely set, fine to pronounced axial threads crossing 3-4
major spiral grooves in later whorls; additional spiral threads on last ramps.
Last whorl with closely spaced spiral threads from base to shoulder.
Ground colour cream, suffused with yellow or orange. Last whorl with numerous
spiral rows of fine reddish brown dots from base to shoulder and with a spiral
band of reddish brown to dark brown axial blotches on each side of centre.
Larval shell white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with moderately dense, reddish to
dark brown, curved axial streaks, often reduced to a pre-sutural and a
sub-sutural row of spots. Aperture white, often variously tinged with orange.
Periostracum greyish brown to blackish brown, thick, opaque, and axially
ridged.
Shell Morphometry
L 50-76 mm
RW 0.53-1.27 g/mm
(L 50-68 mm)
RD 0.57-0.69
PMD 0.85-0.93
RSH 0.05-0.13
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Lectotype in MSNP Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Systema
Naturae 10th ed., 1, p. 717
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Type locality Asia, restricted (C, M & W) to the
Moluccas, Indonesia
Type Data: Lectotype in MSNP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 91 x 36 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-aulicus
Synonyms:- auratus Hwass
in Bruguiere, 1792; aurifer Röding,
1798; particolor Perry, 1810; propenudus Melvill, 1900; aurantia Dautzenberg, 1937; gracianus da Motta & Blöcher in da
Motta, 1982
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific excl. Hawaii
Habitat:-In 1-30 m; on reef flats and coral reefs near dead and living
corals, sand substrates or sometimes coral rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Form gracianus
(Pl. 61, Fig 6) moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid. Last
whorl narrowly cylindrical to narrowly ovate, sometimes cylindrical to ovate;
outline straight and parallel-sided to slightly convex; left side concave and
right side straight at basal fourth. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder.
Shoulder subangulate to rounded. Spire usually of moderate height, outline
straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 2.5-3 whorls, maximum diameter
about 0.8 mm. First 2-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, sometimes weakly
tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave to slightly convex, with
1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves in early whorls; late ramps with numerous
spiral striae. Last whorl with fine, closely spaced spiral ribs on basal fourth
to third and spiral threads above.
Ground colour white, often variably suffused with pink. Last whorl overlaid
with reddish to blackish brown, leaving small to moderately large ground-colour
tents and blotches. Brown areas interspersed with darker brown to black spiral
lines often articulated with ground-colour dots. Predominantly brown shells
intergrade with predominantly white shells. Form aurantia with an orange-brown
pattern. Larval whorls and first 3-5 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate
white. Late ramps with radial streaks and blotches matching last whorl pattern
in colour. Aperture cream to yellow or orange, white in subadults.
Shell Morphometry
L 65-163 mm
(form gracianus 30 - 60 mm)
RW 0.20-1.00 g/mm
(form gracianus 0.10 - 0.25 g/mm)
RD 0.40-0.51
PMD 0.63-0.75
RSH 0.11-0.17
Discussion:-The conchological differences between C. aulicus and shells described as C. gracianus do not justify separation at the species level. The
latter shells match subadults of C.
aulicus in morphometry, sculpture and colouration. RKK therefore consider C. gracianus to represent a dwarf local
form of C. aulicus from Madagascar.
Specimens referred to as var. aurantia differ
from typical C. aulicus in their
colouration and smaller maximum size (to about 95 mm). This form is recorded
from Maldives, Indonesia, Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. C. a. propenudus refers to a colour
pattern form with reduced brown network pattern.
Conus aulicus
f. gracianus da Motta & Blöcher in da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1, p.
16, f. 15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Deeper fringes of Grand Reef, Tulear, Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size:44x15mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
aulicus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-aulicus gracianus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:-In 1-30 m; on reef flats and coral reefs near dead and living
corals, sand substrates or sometimes coral rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C.
aulicus
The conchological differences between C.
aulicus and shells described as C.
gracianus do not justify separation at the species level. The latter shells
match subadults of C. aulicus in
morphometry, sculpture and colouration. RKK therefore consider C. gracianus to represent a dwarf local
form of C. aulicus from Madagascar.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus aulicus f. propenudus Melvill, 1900
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
NMWC Mike Filmer
Published in: J.
Conchol. Ix, no. 10, p. 310
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Khor Fakkau, Oman
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 88 x 40 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
aulicus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-aulicus propenudus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Oman and other places
Habitat:-In 1-30 m; on reef flats and coral reefs near dead and living
corals, sand substrates or sometimes coral rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. a. propenudus refers to a colour
pattern form with reduced brown network pattern.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus aurantia Dautzenberg, 1937
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Knorr (1772, pl. 5, fig. 3)
Published in: Mem.
Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. Ii, fasc. 18, p. 14
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not Known
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Knorr
(1772, pl. 5, fig. 3)
Nomenclature: A homonym:- An available name, an invalid name, a homonym
of C. aurantius Hwass, 1792.
Taxonomy: An invalid synonym:- a synonym (colour form) of C. amadis Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name aurantia
----------
Conus aurantius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p.
606
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Curaçao; Asiatic Ocean to the Philippine Islands,
(erroneous), corrected (Clench & Bullock) Island of Curacao, Netherlands
Antilles
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-aurantius
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Curaçao, Bonaire
Habitat:-In daytime normally found partly or completely buried in
sediment under coral slabs or rubble at depths of 3 to 10 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A slender shell, 50 to 70 mm, with mostly moderately elevated rather
straight-sided spire with strorigly coronated spire whorls. Body whorl nearly
straight- sided with coronated shoulder of the body whorl. Surface with
granulated spiral threads, mainly near the base. Protoconch sharply raised as a
small knob on the rather bluntly rounded first teleoconch whorls (Vink &
Cosel. 1985-b: pl.12,f ig. 10), a typical feature. Aperture only very slightly
broadening towards the base, no 'internal restriction' within the aperture.
Animal bright red, operculum tiny and elliptical, about 1/9 of aperture height.
Colour purplish white with irregular large coalescing or occasionally isolated
patches of bright orange, golden brown, wine red or black (Bonaire) and black
or golden brown with dark outline (Curaçao). Some specimens are nearly
completely dark coloured. In addition spiral lines of dark dots and dashes on
the light areas, and of white dots on the dark areas, coinciding with the
granulated spiral threads.
Vink & Cosel:
Shell 50-70 mm high, granulated, protoconch sharply raised as a small knob on
the bluntly rounded first teleoconch whorls, base not unusually broad, shoulder
knobs pronounced...Conus aurantius.
Shell 25-40 mm high, only weakly granulated, first teleoconch whorls less
bluntly rounded, base broader more rounded, spire shorter, shoulder knobs
smaller and less articulate....C.
pseudaurantius.
Discussion:-In the Western Atlantic slender C. aurantius with its typical coronated shoulder cannot easily be
misidentified. It could be confused with C.
pseudaurantius (which is smaller with a more rounded base, a shorter spire
and less articulate shoulder knobs).
----------
Conus auratinus da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac., no. 1, p.
2, f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Fakarava Is., Tuamotus.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 82 x 29.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-auratinus
Synonyms:- roseus Sowerby ii, 1834
Geographic Range:-Tuamotu Archipelago, Society and Marshall Is.,
Philippines, Vanuatu, and Solomon Is.
Habitat:-Shallow subtidal. In Marshall Is.found in 13-18 m on lagoon
pinnacles and at the ocean-side of coral reefs, in caves and coral rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to solid; relative weight of
similarly sized specimens may vary by 40%. Last whorl narrowly ovate or
narrowly cylindrical to ovate or cylindrical; outline slightly convex or
straight and parallel-sided at adapical two-thirds; left side variably concave
at basal fourth to third. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder
indistinct. Spire of moderate height, outline straight. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat to slightly convex, with 1-2 spiral grooves grading into numerous
spiral striae. Last whorl with closely spaced weak spiral ribs at base and weak
spiral threads above.
Ground colour white, usually suffused with pink. Last whorl overlaid with brown
to reddish brown, leaving small to moderately large ground-colour tents. Brown
areas interspersed with spiral rows of alternating darker brown dots or dashes
and very small ground-colour markings. Larval whorls and about first 4
postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate white. Late ramps with connected radial
blotches, streaks and lines matching last whorl pattern in colour. Aperture
white, usually pale pink or yellow deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 55-102 mm
RW 0.12-0.35 g/mm
(L 55-90 mm)
RD 0.40-0.55
PMD 0.56-0.65
RSH 0.14-0.18
Discussion:-C. auratinus had
been considered a variety of C. aulicus
by Sowerby I and was assigned to C.
auricomus or referred to as C.
auratus Hwass by subsequent authors.. As C. auratus Hwass proved
to be a synonym of C. aulicus (Kohn,
1968), da Motta redescribed C. aulicus
var .roseus as C. auratinus.
The shoulder of C. aulicus is more
distinctly demarcated from the last whorl, its PMD is closer to the shoulder
(0.63-0.75), and the spire sculpture is more prominent on both its last whorl
and in early teleoconch sutural ramps. At localities the species live together,
no intermediate specimens have been found.
----------
Conus aureofasciatus Rehder & Abbott, 1951
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Published in: Rev.
Soc. Malacol. 8, p. 64, pl. 9,
f. 3 & 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Dry Tortugas, Florida; 20 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 67.5 x 36.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
spurius Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lindaconus Species:-spurius
aureofasciatus subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Yucatan, Gulf of Mexico; Florida, USA
Habitat:-Shallow to deep
Description:-Source Vink
A heavy shell, 40 to 80 mm, with low to moderate strongly concave sided spire.
Body whorl straight to slightly convex, and smooth. In some populations
distinct spiral ridges near the base which may cover nearly the whole body
whorl.
Shoulder roundly angulate, spire whorls smooth with rounded margins, slightly
stepped and concave above. Nucleus: 1.5 whorls; first 2 to 4 postnuclear whorls
coronated, coronation gradually diminishing in subsequent whorls and often not
apparent because of erosion. Animal cream-coloured, operculum ungulate and
large, often longer than 1/3 of aperture height. Radula tooth with serration
over 1/2 length of tooth and very short blade (Warmke, 1960). Periostracum
light brown to red brown, mostly transparent but also thick and obscuring the
contrasting colour pattern underneath.
The pattern of the type specimens consists of a number of pale orange bands on
a white background. Most authors are of the opinion that aureofasciatus merely
represents a colour form of C. spurius.
It is true that forms with a few more or less solid bands can be found in
populations of typical C. spurius,
but C. spurius aureofasciatus is
different, having numerous orange bands, being larger (up to 90 mm) and lighter
in weight. Most specimens of C. spurius
aureofasciatus dredged off Yucatan have spiral rows of reddish brown spots
in addition to the orange banding, and the type specimens must be considered
extreme forms with only orange banding. c. spurius aureofasciatus somewhat
resembles c. spurius quadratus, but has a less pointed spire and a smooth body
whorl.
Typical C. spurius aureofasciatus
without spiral rows of reddish brown spots is very rare. Clench (1953) and Abbott
(1974) figure the holotype, Lozet & Petron (1977) and Walls (1979) show
worn specimens.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus aureonimbosus Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Published in: New
Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 17, pl. 2, figs.
7 & 8
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Gulf of Mexico, 50 km S of Apalachicola, Florida; 150 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym colour form of Conus attenuatus Reeve, 1844
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-attenuatus aureonimbosus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W. Florida, Florida Keys
Habitat:-70 meters
Description:-Source Original description
Shell thin fragile, slender and elongated; body whorl highly polished; numerous
fine spiral cords around anterior end; shoulder sharp, obsoletely coronated
with low undulations and rounded bumps; spire low; protoconch needle-like,
protracted, projecting above spire; shell color pale cream yellow overlaid with
large, amorphous, flammules of bright golden-yellow; mid-body with white band
containing rows of pale tan dots and dashes; spire whorls white with dark
orange and tan flammules; protoconch yellow; interior of aperture white;
anterior tip of shell yellow; periostracum thin, yellow, transparent.
Discussion:-Conus aureonimbosus
is closest to C. amphiurgus Dall (=
C. juliae Clench) from the Gulf of Mexico and Carolinian Province, but differs
in being a much smaller, more elongated and slender shell, by having I
coronated spire, and by having a protracted, mammilate protoconch. By having an
obsoletely coronated spire, C.
aureonimbosus may actually be closer to the C. cardinalis complex from the Caribbean. If this is the case, then
C. aureonimbosus represents the deepest- dwelling member of that normally
reef-dwelling species group. The brilliant yellow patches on this new species
certainly sets it apart from all other western Atlantic cone shells. Conus aureonimbosus and C. amphiurgus are compared on Plate 4.
Tucker suggests that it is synonym of C.
attenuatus.
----------
Conus aureopunctatus Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: New
Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 110, pl. 25, f.
5 & 6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: off Puerta Cortez, Honduras, on mud bottom, 3 m depth
(emended 2013 Petuch)
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 17 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-aureopunctatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Venezuela, Nicaragua
Habitat:-Found at depths around 35 m.
Description:-Source Original description
Description: Shell small for genus, turnip-shaped, with wide body whorl and
prominent constriction around anterior one-third, producing distinct anterior
canal; shell shiny, polished; shoulder sharply carinated, with bladelike
carina; spire elevated, scalariform; anterior third of shell ornamented with 10
thick, raised spiral cords, each separated from others by deeply- incised
sulci; base color of shell white; smooth portion of body whorl with 4 rows of
pale yellow-orange dots; spiral cords on anterior end marked with yellow-orange
dots; spire whorls smooth, with numerous crescent-shaped orange flammules;
interior of aperture white; periostracum brown, thick, and smooth.
Discussion:-Discussion: This distinctive little species is similar to
only two other western Atlantic cones, C.
sennottorum Rehder and Abbott from the Gulf of Mexico and C. gibsonsmithorum Petuch from Venezuela
(PETUCH,1986) (Plate 25, Figure 7). From the former, C. aureopunctatus differs in being a smaller, more slender species
with stronger, more regular cords on the anterior end. From the sympatric C. gibsonsmithorum, the new species
differs in being a more slender shell, with a higher, more protracted spire,
and by having rows of evenly-spaced, yellow-orange spots. The anterior spiral
cords of C. aureopunctatus are also
larger and better-developed than those of C.
gibsonsmithorum. This species appears to be endemic to the Gulf of Venezuela
area.
----------
Conus aureus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Neotype
in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p.
742
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Indian Ocean
Type Data: Neotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 56 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-aureus
Synonyms:- auricomus Lamarck,
1810; paulucciae Sowerby iii, 1877
Geographic Range:-Japan and Philippines to Queensland and New Caledonia
and to Tuamotu Archipelago.
Habitat:-Found in 3-30 m on coral reef, in coral rubble and beneath
coral rocks
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl usually
narrowly conoid-cylindrical to conoid-cylindrical in C. a. paulucciae, also narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical,
ventricosely conical or ovate in C. a.
aureus. In C. a. paulucciae,
outline of last whorl convex at adapical fourth, almost straight below; in C. a. aureus, outline convex to almost
straight and parallel-sided at adapical two-thirds, concave at left side below.
Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate to
rounded, usually more angulate in C. a.
aureus. Spire of moderate height, outline straight. Larval shell of 2.5-3
whorls and maximum diameter 0.75-0.9 mm in C.
a. aureus, of about 3 whorls and with a maximum diameter of 0.8-0.9 mm in C. a. paulucciae. First 4-6 postnuclear
whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 0-2
increasing to 4-10 weak spiral grooves; additional spiral striae on latest
ramps. Last whorl with closely spaced, granulose to smooth spiral ribs from
base to shoulder, sometimes weak to obsolete toward shoulder; in C. a. paulucciae, ribs usually smooth
and generally obsolete above centre.
Ground colour white, often suffused with pink in C. a. paulucciae. Last whorl with a network of fine light to dark
brown lines and yellowish brown blotches. Lines forming zones of many tiny to
small and a few larger tents, arranged in 3-5 axial and 3 interrupted spiral bands,
below shoulder and centre and at base. Blotches grouped in 2 broad and often
some additional narrow spiral bands, interspersed with broad blackish brown
axial lines. Larval whorls and first 2.5-4 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate
white in C. a. aureus; in C. a. paulucciae, apex cream to pink,
larval shell and about first 2.5 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate.
Following sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white
in C. a. aureus, white to light pink
in C. a. paulucciae.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-80 mm
RW 0.13-0.36 g/mm
RD 0.46-0.53
PMD -
(-C. a. aureus 0.70 - 0.81;-C. a. paulucciae 0.75 - 0.84)
RSH 0.12-0.23
Discussion:-C. a. aureus has a
West and Central Pacific distribution, while C. a. paulucciae is restricted to the Indian Ocean. Intermediate
specimens (shape, sculpture, apex colour) are known from the Indian Ocean and
from Philippines. The conchological differences between C. aureus and C. paulucciae
are often considered to justify separation at the species level. With regard to
the generally disjunct geographical ranges, the different bathymetrical ranges,
and to the intermediate shells, RKK favour the status of geographical
subspecies.
Conus
aureus paulucciae Sowerby iii,
1877
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
collection Paulucci PZS , pl. 75, f. 3
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 752, pl. 75, f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Paulucci and currently assumed to
be lost
Type Size:
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
aureus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-aureus paulucciae subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique, Mascarenes, Seychelles, Maldives, Chagos
Is., W. Thailand, and N. W. Australia.
Habitat:-Found in 30-50 m in sand or coral rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C aureus
See above.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-80 mm
RW 0.13-0.36 g/mm
RD 0.46-0.53
PMD -
(-C. a. aureus 0.70 - 0.81;-C. a. paulucciae 0.75 - 0.84)
RSH 0.12-0.23
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus auricomus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p.
742
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Grandes Indes; East Indies, restricted (C, M & W) to
the Sulu Sea, (Philippines)
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 56 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-auricomus
Synonyms:- dactylosus Kiener,
1845; debilis Fenaux, 1943
Geographic Range:-E. Africa to Tuamotu Archipelago and Hawaii
Habitat:-In 3-40 m; on coral reefs, on sand slopes, in sand pockets and
in caves.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
narrowly ovate or narrowly cylindrical to narrowly conoid-cylindrical; outline
slightly convex to straight and parallel-sided at adapical two-thirds, straight
to slightly concave below. Aperture wider near base than at shoulder. Shoulder
rounded to subangulate. Spire of moderate height, outline usually sigmoid.
Larval shell of about 3.25 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. First 4-5
postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave to
slightly convex within the same specimen, with 1 increasing to 3-5 spiral
grooves, usually weaker or sometimes replaced by many spiral striae on latest
ramps. Last whorl with fine, closely spaced spiral ribs from base to shoulder;
sculpture sometimes weak.
Ground colour white, suffused with rose in specimens from Tuamotu Archipelago.
Last whorl overlaid with brown leaving numerous very small (Indian Ocean
shells) to medium-sized (Pacific shells) ground-colour tents, edged with brown
lines at frontal sides and arranged in 2-4 spiral bands. Brown zones usually
with darker brown spiral lines sometimes articulated with ground-colour dots
and tents. Larval whorls white to cream. First 3-4 postnuclear sutural ramps
immaculate, white to cream or pale pink. Following sutural ramps matching last
whorl in colour pattern. Aperture usually white.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-69 mm
RW 0.10-0.31 g/mm
(L 40-65 mm)
RD 0.40-0.46
PMD 0.69-0.78
RSH 0.12-0.18
C. dactylosus and C. debilis refer to finer pattern
specimens from Indian Ocean
Discussion:-C. auricomus is similar to C. aulicus form gracianus, C. auratinus
and C. aureus aureus. C. aulicus form gracianus differs in its straight to slightly concave spire
outline, less prominent spiral sculpture on the late sutural ramps and on the
last whorl, and its more convex sided last whorl. C. auratinus attains larger size and has a generally broader last
whorl, the position of its maximum diameter is distinctly closer to the base
(PMD 0.56-0.65), its spire outline is straight, and its spire sculpture is less
prominent. C. aureus aureus can be
distinguished by its broader last whorl (RD 0.46-0.53), straight-sided rather
than domed early spire whorls, and by its last whorl pattern with broad,
blackish brown axial lines. Indian Ocean shells of C. auricomus have a finer recticulate pattern than Pacific shells. C. dactylosus and C. debilis refer to specimens with such fine networks.
----------
Conus aurisiacus Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Representation of Lectotype Rumphius, 1705, pl. 34, fig. A
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Systema
Naturae 10th ed., 1 p. 716
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Type locality not known, designated (C, M & W) Island
of Amboina, (Ambon) Moluccas, (Indonesia).
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Rumphius,
1705, pl. 34, fig. A,
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-aurisiacus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Moluccas, Sulawesi, and Philippines south of Mindanao
Habitat:-Found in 20-80 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical or conical;
outline convex at adapical fourth, almost straight below. Shoulder sharply
angulate. Spire usually of moderate height, outline straight to convex, apex
domed. Larval shell of about 2.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7-0.8 mm. First 4-6
postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, to deeply
concave in late whorls, with 3-4 increasing to 5-8 sometimes weak spiral
grooves. Last whorl with rather evenly spaced spiral ribs on basal third, or
extending to adapical part.
Ground colour white, variably suffused with pink. Last whorl usually with 2-3
variably broad, pinkish brown spiral bands. Spiral rows of alternating white
dashes and reddish to blackish brown dots, dashes and bars from base to
shoulder; rows variable in size and number of brown markings. Base yellow. Apex
immaculate white. Late sutural ramps largely light pinkish violet, usually with
sparse brown blotches, occasionally with sparse white blotches; outer and inner
margins of late sutural ramps barred with blackish brown. Aperture white or
pale pink.
Shell Morphometry
L 45-95 mm
RW 0.24-0.46 g/mm
RD 0.57-0.62
PMD 0.81-0.87
RSH 0.10-0.16
Discussion:-C. aurisiacus closely
resembles C. circumcisus, which can
be distinguished by its distinctly narrower (RD 0.44-0.57) and more cylindrical
last whorl, its subangulate to rounded rather than sharply angulate shoulder
and by its less concave sutural ramps with a less pronounced spiral sculpture.
----------
Conus aurora Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in MNHN Mike Filmer
Published in: Ann.
du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 423
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 56 x 29 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
tinianus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Ketyconus Species:-tinianus aurora forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Cape Agulhas, RSA - Mozambique
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-
Discussion:-C. t. aurora is used to refer to orange beach shells.
----------
Conus austini Rehder & Abbott, 1951
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in USNM Mike Filmer
Published in: J.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 41, p. 22, f. 7
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Southwest of Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida; 40-46
fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 55.5 x 25.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus cancellatus
Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name austini
----------
Conus australis Holten, 1802
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Chemnitz (1795, pl. 183,
figs. 1774, 1775)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Enum.
Syst. Conchyl., p. 39
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Chemnitz
(1795, pl. 183, figs. 1774, 1775)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Graphiconus Species:-australis
Synonyms:- australis
Lamarck, 1810; duplicatus Sowerby i,
1823; gracilis Sowerby i, 1823; alabasteroides Shikama, 1963; cebuganus da Motta & Martin, 1982
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines and Vietnam; India and W.
Thailand, probably also Fiji.
Habitat:-Found in 35-240 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. a. australis moderately large to
large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical to
ventricosely conical, to conical in subadults; outline variably convex
adapically, less so to straight below. Shoulder subangulate to sometimes
angulate. Spire of moderate height, outline slightly concave to slightly
sigmoid. Larval shell of about 3.25 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First
2-7 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly
concave, with 0 increasing to 3-8 spiral grooves. Last whorl usually encircled
with variably spaced, variably granulose ribs sometimes grouped in pairs or
replaced by ribbons; intervening grooves narrow to wide and axially striate. C. a. gabryae smaller. Last whorl
ventricosely conical to ovate, also narrowly conoid-cylindrical in subadults.
Shoulder angulate. First 3-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat to concave, with 1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves. Last whorl with
granulose ribbons or pairs of granulose ribs from base to shoulder; shells with
strongly granulose prominent spiral elevations intergrade with shells with a
preponderance of axially striate incisions. Otherwise, C. a. gabryae matching C. a.
australis in shell morphology.
Shell Morphometry
L - 64-105mm
RW - 0.20-0.53g/mm
RD - 0.44-0.52
PMD - 0.76-0.85
RSH - 0.14-0.21
Discussion:-RKK provisionally recognize C. a. gabryae as a subspecies restricted to the Solomon Is. It
differs from C. a. australis mainly
in having a more ventricose to ovate last whorl, and some specimens have colour
patterns not known in C. a. australis.
In 1989, L. Raybaudi Massilia described the subspecies C. a. gabryae under the name Conus
(Asprella) armadillo gabryae. However, this name is not available under
ICZN Art. 7A, and redescription was required (Korn & Röckel, 1992).
C. alabasteroides and C. cebuganus are based on subadult
specimens of C. a. australis and are
synonyms.
C. duplicatus matches deep subtidal
shells from the Philippines in shape and sculpture (Rockel, 1987b). We
therefore consider it an ecological form of C.
a. australis, characterized by strong, paired ribs on the last whorl, weak
spiral colour bands, predominant short axial lines and dashes, and a rather
straight last whorl outline.
Conus australis
f. cebuganus da
Motta & Martin, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG
Mike Filmer
Published in: Carf. Phil. Shell
News 4(3), p. 1, fig. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Visayan Sea between Malapascua Is. & Bantayan Is.,
Philippines; 20-40 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 14.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym, juvenile of Conus australis Holten, 1802
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-AGraphiconus Species:-australis cebuganus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-40m
Description:-S.
Discussion:-
C. cebuganus is considered the juvenile form of C. australis.
Conus
australis f. duplicatus Sowerby i, 1823
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Sowerby i (1823, pl. 267, fig. 5)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Gen.
Rec. & Foss. Shells. pt. xvi, pl. 267,
f. 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Solomon Is.
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby i
(1823, pl. 267, fig. 5)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
australis Holten, 1802
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Graphiconus Species:-australis
duplicatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Deep Water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. australis
C. duplicatus matches deep subtidal
shells from the Philippines in shape and sculpture (Röckel, 1987b).RKK
therefore consider it an ecological form of C.
a. australis, characterized by strong, paired ribs on the last whorl, weak
spiral colour bands, predominant short axial lines and dashes, and a rather
straight last whorl outline.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus
australis gabryae Röckel & Korn, 1992
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS
Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Acta
Conchyliorum 3, p. 13, pl. 2,
f. 11-20
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Russell Is., Solomon Archipelago.
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 62.7 x 26.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Graphiconus Species:-gabryae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Solomon Islands
Habitat:-120-180 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae. gabryae
was considered a subspecies of australis.
C. a. gabryae smaller. Last whorl
ventricosely conical to ovate, also narrowly conoid-cylindrical in subadults.
Shoulder angulate. First 3-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat to concave, with 1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves. Last whorl with
granulose ribbons or pairs of granulose ribs from base to shoulder; shells with
strongly granulose prominent spiral elevations intergrade with shells with a
preponderance of axially striate incisions. Otherwise, C. a. gabryae matching C. a. australis in shell morphology.
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Conus austroviola Röckel & Korn, 1992
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Acta
Conchyliorum 3, p. 8, pl. 1, f. 1-12
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Darwin, northern Australia.
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52 x 21.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Hermes Species:-austroviola
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-N Australia
Habitat:-Found about 8-12 m under rocks
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl usually narrowly
conoid-cylindrical to narrowly ovate; outline slightly convex at upper
two-thirds, tapering towards base. Shoulder subangulate to rounded. Spire of
moderate height; outline almost straight or slightly domed with an elevated
apex. Larval shell of 2.0-2.25 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9 mm. First 4-6
postnuclear whorls tuberculate; later whorls distinctly stepped. Teleoconch
sutural ramps flat to slightly convex, with 2 increasing to 4-6 spiral grooves.
Last whorl with several widely spaced spiral ribs toward base, more closely
spaced at base.
Ground colour bluish grey to dark violet-brown. Last whorl encircled with a
variable number of darker brown bands, usually leaving intervening
ground-colour bands near centre and below shoulder. Median area bearing dark
brown markings varying in size and number. Overlying variably spaced solid,
dotted or dashed brown spiral lines from base to shoulder. Larval whorls light
brown. First postnuclear sutural ramps pale brown to pale violet; following
ramps bluish grey, with brown radial blotches. Aperture white or violet behind
a translucent marginal zone.
Discussion:-In 1977, Cernohorsky renamed C. violaceus Reeve as C.
viola (q.v.) and gave a new description on the basis of the type specimens
in the BMNH. He included shells from northern Australia in this taxon and
referred to them as the banded form or dark coloured specimens of C. viola. In 1992, Röckel & Korn
described this form as C. austroviola.
It differs from C. viola in the following characters: C. viola has a smaller shell with its last whorl colour pattern
dominated by reddish violet instead of dull brownish tones, a smaller number of
tuberculate spire whorls (first 0.5-3.5), a greater number (about 3) variably
red or pale yellow larval whorls, and less pronounced spiral sculpture on the
late sutural ramps.
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Conus axelrodi Walls, 1978
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in DMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Pariah
no. 2, p. 1, pl. (on p. 5)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Palawan, Philippines.
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-axelrodi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Taiwan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Taiwan to New Guinea
Source Walls
Thick, light in weight, with a low gloss;low conical,the upper sides strongly
convex; body whorl with narrow spiral ridges at base extended by broad rounded
spiral ridges to shoulder seperated by deep narrow grooves; entire whorl
granulose, crossed by fine axial threads; shoulder broad, sharply angulate with
many small but sharp coronations; concave above; spire moderate/tall sharply
pointed, the sides straight/concave,the whorls often slightly stepped; early
whorls nodulose, later ones with small strong erect coronations;body whorl
yellow; grey; pink; tan with many small brown dots on spiral ridges; spire like
body with scattered large brown spots; early whorls pink; aperture moderately
narrow posteriorly widening; outer often very thick at edge, convex, posterior
edge below shoulder; mouth white tinted yellow/pink; columella narrow hidden
Shell Morphometry
L 15-20 mm
RW 0.05-0.06 g/mm
RD 0.69-0.79
PMD 0.77-0.90
RSH 0.16-0.30
Discussion:-C. axelrodi is
similar to the Caribbean C. puncticulatus.
C. puncticulatus and its close
relatives C. jaspideus (Caribbean)
and C. perplexus (E. Pacific) are all
clearly distinguished by their non-tuberculate postnuclear whorls, smooth
sutural ramps, and spiral ribbons rather than ribs on the last whorl. C. axelrodi has often been identified as
C.
papillosus Kiener (e.g. Richard, 1990). It conforms generally to the description
of that species; however, the original figure of C. papillosus, now lost, is 25 mm long, and it is more likely a
specimen of C. puncticulatus Hwass
(Vink, 1990).
----------
Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to all images remains with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals. The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on home page.
Last update Novmber 2020
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