Conus  babaensis  Rolán & Röckel,  2001

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Iberus 19 (2),  p. 64
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia do Baba, Angola
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 25.8 x 15.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-babaensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Shallow water under rocks
Description:-Source Original description
The shell is moderately small and solid with a last whorl ventricosely conical to broadly ovate; shoulder rounded. Outline convex at adapical third, almost straight below. Spire low to moderately high, convex, slightly sigmoid near apex; sutural ramps slightly convex with fine spiral striae. Last whorl smooth but not glossy with some weak spiral ribs near base.
Ground color white with two broad light brown spiral bands leaving white band of variable width at centre and base. The brown areas often show darker spiral lines. Spire white with brown along suture. Aperture white.
L 17-32 mm
RW 0.09-0.19 g/mm
RD 0.67-0.71
PMD 0.70-0.78
RSH 0.09-0.14
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  baccatus  Sowerby iii, 1877

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,  p. 753, pl. 75, f. 5
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Off Isla Parida, Golfo de Chiriqui, Panama
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Globiconus Species:-baccatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Western Panama
Habitat:-Found subtidally at depths of 10-30 m.
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell short, rather swollen, very minutely decussated with regular rows of granules, whitish with large orange blotches arranged in three bands; spire short acute , concave, nearly smooth, last whorl biangulated.
Iconography adds: paucispiral protoconch 1.75 to 2 whorls; whorl tops flat with no cords or nodules.The clour pattern also has spiral rows of brown dashes separated by white nodules
Discussion:-Specimens need compared to C. perplexus since it has  nodulose forms which may be confused with C. baccatus.

 

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Conus  badius  Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in collection Verreaux Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv.,  pl. 33,  f. 3

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,  p. 89, pl. 33, f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Designated Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Verreaux and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 60 x 37 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus namocanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-namocanus badius forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Red Sea
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C namocanus
C. n. badius geographic form from Red Sea thought to have wider shoulder and finer and more numerous spiral lines.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  baeri  Röckel  &  Korn, 1992

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Acta Conchyliorum 3,  p. 10,  pl. 1, f. 13-24
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Southern Mozambique
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44.5 x 26.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-baeri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-S. Mozambique
Habitat:-Found about 450 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl usually conical to ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, straight toward base; left side may be concave above base. Shoulder angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline almost straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls, maximum diameter 1.2-1.3 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps nearly flat, with 2 increasing to 3-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with distinct spiral grooves from base to centre or shoulder and ribbons between.
Ground colour white to pale orange. Last whorl usually with a light orangish brown spiral band above and below centre, occasionally with an additional smaller band below shoulder. 10-15 spiral rows of reddish brown spots or bars extending from base to shoulder, sometimes fusing into irregular axial markings. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with yellowish to reddish brown radial lines or streaks. Aperture brownish cream to pale orange.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-45 mm
RW 0.10-0.25 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.71
PMD 0.82-0.90
RSH 0.09-0.17
Discussion:-C. baeri is similar to C. angasi and C. sydneyensis. C. angasi can be distinguished by the presence of a strong tooth-like fold at the basal part of its columella and by the weaker sculpture of its last whorl (only a few fine spiral ribs near base). In addition, its spire has a slightly convex outline in late whorls and its late sutural ramps bear a finer spiral sculpture.

 

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Conus  bahamensis  Vink  &  Röckel, 1995

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Bill Fenzan

Picture link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Apex x,  no. 4, p. 99,  f. 1-3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Cat Cay Bahamas
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31.1 x 16.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Jaspidivonus Species:-bahamensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-Dredged in 40 fathoms.
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of moderate size (25-31mm). Last whorl pyriform. Spire of moderate height, slightly stepped, concave. Protoconch 8-9 whorls with the first 4-6 whorls of teleoconch slightly tuberculate. Ramp of last whorl with one broad spiral groove and many axial striae. Last whorl smooth except for with 8-12 spiral ribs near base. Colour yellowish white with broad hazy band of white at midbody and near shoulder.
Discussion:-C. mindanus can be distiguished from the new species by its conical last whorl, the straight outline of the spire, deep concave sutural ramp and lack of tubercles in the teleoconch whorls. Conus flavescens has a narrower last whorl with almost straight outline, and its spire has a straight outline and a concave sutural ramp. C. puncticulatus is smaller, has an ovately shaped last whorl and a carinated shoulder, and its anterior end is more twisted.

 

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Conus  baiano  Coltro,  2004

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZUSP Original Description

Picture Link: Paul kersten

 

Published in: Strombus 11, p. 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: 25 km SW Abrolhos Arch., off Alcobaca, Bahia State, Brazil (17deg 24 S, 38deg 20 W)
Type Data: Holotype in MZUSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus baiano forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brasil, Bahia State
Habitat:-Lives on rubble and coral sand bottom at 10-25 meters on offshore reefs on southern Bahia State, Brazil
Description:-Source: Original description
Description: Length: 23 to 30 m, concave-sided moderately elevated spire (1/8 of length). Shoulder of the body whorl smooth. Body whorl slightly convex with 6-8 incised lines on the base. Apex pink-white to white, nucleus with 1 1/2 to 2 whorls, fine ribs on the first whorls. Spire with 5 up 7 whorls, with medium deep suture with white and brown dots, each whorl with 3-5 distinct spiral ridges crossed by many fine curved axial threads. Color body bright red with white marks and brown dots lines, sometimes dark purple-brown and white. Pink red aperture on red specimens or purple aperture on the purple specimens..
Discussion:-Conus baiano seems to belong to the C. archetypus Crosse, 1865 complex. The shell of the new species resembles the shells of C. bertarollae Costa & Simone, 1997 and C. abrolhosensis Petuch, 1986 with regard to spire ridges, color and patterns. However, the shell of C. baiano has a spire comparatively more elevated and a brighter coloration. Conus bertarollae and C. abrolhosensis have variable white and red spire, while C. baiano has white and brown marks in red background spire. Conus baiano is restricted to a single reef complex, with the red population distributed on the north part of the reef and the purple (and more rare) in the southern part of the reef. Besides some species as Conus bertarollae and C. baiano may be closer, C.bertatollae and C .abrolhosensis are found together but C. baiano is found far south, has an allopatric distribution and no intermediate specimens were found between them, even checking some large quantities of shells from this area.

 

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Conus  baileyi  Röckel  &  da Motta,  1979

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: La Conchiglia xi,  no. 126-127,  p. 9
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Russell Is., Solomon Sea; 60 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-baileyi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Solomon Is., N. Queensland, New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.
Habitat:-In Solomon Is., in 100-150 m, in rubble and sand. In New Caledonia and Loyalty Is, in 120-390 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, light to moderately light. Last whorl conical; outline almost straight; left side concave near base. Shoulder carinate. Spire or moderate height to high, outline concave. Larval shell of 3 or more whorls, maximum diameter about 0.9 mm. About first 4 postnucelar whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 2-3 obsolete spiral striae in early and 3 increasing to 4-5 spiral grooves in late whorls. Last whorl with evenly spaced spiral grooves and ribbons between; elevations narrower below shoulder.
Ground colour white. Last whorl usually with spiral rows of yellowish brown dots. Spirally aligned brown blotches below shoulder, on both sides of centre and at base, forming 2 central spiral bands and a pale band below shoulder. Larval whorls white to light orange. Postnuclear sutural ramps with light brown radial blotches and regularly spaced darker brown spots at outer margins. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 21-32 mm
RW 0.04-0.09 g/mm
RD 0.51-0.63
PMD 0.88-0.94
RSH 0.18-0.24
Discussion:-The similar C. memiae can be distinguished by its broader (RD 0.62- 0.73) and often ventricose or pyriform last whorl, finer dots along the shoulder edge, and often pink ground colour. Shells of co-occuring C. memiae from Solomon Is. also have less carinate shoulders. C. baileyi also resembles C. wakayamaensis. C. baileyi differs in having a usually narrower last whorl (RD 0.51- 0.63c 0.59-0,73) and distinct spiral grooves on the late sutural ramps.

 

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Conus  bairstowi  Sowerby iii, 1889

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in OMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: J. Conchol. vi , p. 9, pl. 1,  f. 12
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in OMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 51 x 28 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-bairstowi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Cape Province (South Africa)
Habitat:-Not known
Description:-Source Iconography
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Shell ventricosely conical, sometimes pyriform. Shoulder gegerally subangulate to rounded in adults. In subadults the shoulder is rather more subangulate to angulate than rounded. Soire of low to moderate height, with a concave to straight profile and a prominent white to light brown protoconch. Flat teleoconch sutural ramps, late ones striated with 5-6 spiral grooves or many spiral striae. Last whorl with fine but distinct spiral ribs on basal half, stronger towards the base. Ground colour of the shell white, sometimes overlaid with yellowish or orange. Base brown or violet-brown. Aperture white, sometimes with an orangish tinge. The pattern of the last whorl consists of spiral rows of orange-brown to dark reddish-brown squarish spots, sometimes fusing into variably axial streaks of flames. Entirely white patternless specimens are also known. The spire has the same colour and pattern of the last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  bajanensis  Nowell-Usticke, 1968

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Lectotype in AMNH Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Caribbean Cones from St. Croix and Lesser Antilles,  p. 28,  pl. IV, f. 1020
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: South of Barbados near Guyana
Type Data: Lectotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31.5 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-bajanensis
Synonyms:- pseudoaustini Nowell-Usticke, 1968; guyanensis Van Mol, 1973
Geographic Range:-Off Guyana and Surinam on the north coast of South America
Habitat:-Dredged from muddy sand bottom in 30 to 250 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A light but strong shell, 25 to 35 mm, with the sides of the body whorl convex below the shoulder and then constricted to produce a narrow base, the spire high and concave sided, shoulder distinctly nodulose (with 20 to 22 nodules on the shoulder of the body whorl) or undulate, body whorl with broad ribs, which are somewhat pustulose. Grooves between the ribs with distinct growth lines. Nucleus: 1 1/2 to 2 whorls; spire whorls strongly nodulose, in some specimens nodules obsolete after the fifth postnuclear whorl,.margin then somewhat undulate. Tops of the first postnuclear whorls with two strong cords, one near the margin and one near the suture. The space between these cords is concave and crossed by distinct axial ribs. A third spiral cord is developed on the fifth and later whorls.
Discussion:-C. bajanensis could be confused with C. cancellatus (which has the sides of the body whorl below the shoulder parallel for a much longer distance, and which has irregular ridges which are not pustulose) and C. armiger (which is often spotted with brown and has the ribs on the upper part of the body whorl more distinctly pustulose. C. armiger has less than 20 nodules on the shoulder (Coomans et al., 1981, 21) and less distinct axial ribs, but rather strong growth lines, on the tops of the whorls).
Similar to C. cancellatus which has distinctly carinate shoulders without nodules, posterior ribs rarely pustulose, color pattern 3 distinct spiral bands of elongated brown retcangles;
C. armiger armiger Crosse relatively slender; the shoulder nodulose and all spire whorls; body ribs heavy usually with strong squarish beads, the interstices with brown spots; Gulf of Mexico;
C. armiger bajanensis Usticke Broader at shoulder and posterior; spire lower and straighter sides; shoulder weakly nodulose;body ribs beads weaker often just posterior; body whorl with brown nebulous band over posterior half not spotted; Barbados, Columbia, Surinam;
Comments by Tucker
Vink separated Dalliconus bajanensis from D. armiger by the number of nodules along the shoulder. The first species was said to have from 20 to 22 nodules, whereas D. armiger was said to have 18 to 20 nodules. I counted nodes on four of six specimens that I had available (two had the nodules obsolete in the outer whorl). These four ranged from 17 to 21 nodules.
Thus, D. armiger and D. bajanensis are more or less identical in shell traits. However, they may differ in radular morphology as pointed out by Vink. Certainly further study of the D. bajanensis radula is needed. It is possible that the radula drawn by Van Mol (1973) was not fully developed.

 

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Conus  balabacensis  Filmer,  2012

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK  Guido Poppe

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Visaya 3, no. 6, p. 22-25, p. 22, fig. 1, 2 a & b, 3, p. 23, fig 90-91, pt. 64 – 68, pt 69, fig. 5 & 15
Ocean geography: Indo Pacific
Type Locality: Olango, Balabac Island, southern Palawan, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25,65 x 13,10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-balabaccensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Palawan, Philippines, N. Borneo
Habitat:-In sand or coral rubble and sand, in 5 to 50 mtrs
Description:-Source Original description

Small ovate, shiny shell. Protoconch is bluish white; spire is pinkish white with some orange brown bars; shoulder is subangulate; body whorl convex; surface contains a number of irregular angled spiral grooves. Ground color is pale pinkish white to peach colored; some red-brown dashes and spots; aperture is white with peach-pink.
Discussion:-Most often offered as C. andamanensis by dealers in the past.

 

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Conus  balteatus  Sowerby ii, 1833

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Sowerby (1833: Pt. 37, fig. 58)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Conch. Illus.,  pt. 37, f. 58
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mascarenes
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby (1833: Pt. 37, fig. 58)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-balteatus
Synonyms:- pigmentatus A. Adams & Reeve, 1848; moussoni Crosse, 1865; cernicus H. Adams, 1869; propinquus Smith, 1877; concolor Barros e Cunha, 1933; circumclausus Fenaux, 1942; olgiatii Bozzetti, 2007; gilberti Bozzetti, 2012
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean: Mozambique to N. Somalia, Mascarenes, Maldives and Indonesia; Pacific: Japan to W. Australia and Queensland and to Fiji and Samoa.
Habitat:-Typical form occurs intertidally and slightly subtidally on coral reef platforms, living on rough limestone, dead coral rocks, rubble and rubble mixed with sand, often hidden beneath coral rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid; shells of form cernicus smaller than shells of typical form. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical to broadly conical or pyriform, narrower in form cernicus; outline slightly to distinctly convex adapically, less so, straight or somewhat concave below. Shoulder usually angulate, strongly to weakly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to concave. Larval shell of 1.7-2.0 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.7 mm. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate to faintly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1-2 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves. Entire last whorl with closely spaced spiral ribs, weak in some populations.
Ground colour white, sometimes bluish violet. Last whorl encircled with a colour band, of various shades of brown to brownish red or olive, on each side of centre. Specimens with separate colour bands and ground-colour zones at centre, shoulder and base intergrade with specimens having only shoulder tubercles partially with ground colour. Dark zones of last whorl often speckled with white dots or dashes arranged in spiral rows, either scattered or regularly arrayed. Larval whorls and a few adjacent sutural ramps reddish violet. Later sutural ramps often of immaculate ground colour, sometimes maculated with markings matching spiral bands of last whorl in colour. Aperture translucent in small shells, violet to brown in larger shells.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-47 mm
(typical form; 18-30 mm form cernicus)
RW 0.09-0.30 g/mm
( typical form (L 23-35 mm); 0.05 - 0.14 g/mm (L 17-29 mm) form cernicus)
RD 0.60-0.77
PMD 0.78-0.90
RSH 0.07-0.18
C. cernicus has more rounded shoulder, lower coronations and spire usually blotched heavily with dark brown, and speckled with white.
C.  pigmentatus typical pattern with tuberculate shoulders and body straight outline;
Discussion:-C. balteatus is similar to C. rattus. The intraspecific variability of C. balteatus has resulted in a number of synonyms that refer to individual variants or ecological forms.
C. pigmentatus is a typically patterned form with a tuberculate shoulder and the last whorl quite straight in outline. Such shells occur across the entire range of the species, although they are more common in eastern populations. C. p. concolor differs only in its violet colouration.
C. tenuisulcatus Sowerby III, 1873, corresponds with the original figure of C. balteatus except for a slightly different colour pattern. (Renamed propinquus)
C. moussoni may represent a comparatively slender (RD 0.61) colour variant with a largely yellowish cream last whorl.
The name C. cernicus applies to an ecological variant co-occurring with the typical form in the Mascarenes. Shells from this deep subtidal population closely resemble the original figure of C. circumclausus. If the high spire seen in the original figure of C. cernicus is considered to be somewhat aberrant, C. circumclausus can be synonymized with C. cernicus and hence with C. balteatus. Shells of this form differ only slightly from the typical form in their morphometry, less pronounced sculpture and often subangulate shoulder, and they intergrade in all characters with typical C. balteatus. A separation of the western and the eastern populations at the subspecies level is not justified, because the differences indicated by those authors are not geographically restricted.

C. olgiattii is a yellow color form from Madagascar.

 

 

Conus balteatus f.  cernicus  H. Adams, 1869

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Figure Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Pl. 19, f.1.

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1869 272, pl. xix,  f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Barkly Is., Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Barclay and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 25 x 12 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus balteatus Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-balteatus cernicus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mascarenes, Somalia
Habitat:-Reported in 20-30 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. balteatus
C.  cernicus has more rounded shoulder, lower coronations and spire usually blotched heavily with dark brown ,and speckled with white.
Discussion:-No Data

 

 

Conus  balteatus f. olgiatii  Bozzetti, 2007

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN L. Bozzetti

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 55,  16
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tulear, SW Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus balteatus Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-balteatus olgiatii forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-SW Madagascar
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source original description translated:
Species from the shell moderately small dimensions for the genus, the maximum height 36.35mm, ventricosely conical to conical profile, solid aspect, low spire with e straight or slightly concave profile, angled shoulder, last whorl convex ,with concave shape in anterior right third and convex on the left flank. The subadult specimens have apex with protoconch paucispiral, constituted from 2 embryonic turns, diameter of approximately 0.35mm, in the adult specimen, apex and protoconch is not analyzable due to the presence of erosions and incrustations. Narrow, opening wider to the base. Suture defined, undulated, subsutural ramps flat, carved from 5-8 furrows; last whorl in shoulder area is tuberculate Surface of the body whorl covered from faint spirals that are attenuated in adapical direction. Uniform, yellow brown, inner color yellow of the aperture and white siphonal fasciole, protoconca violet, the first whorls of teleoconch change in abapical direction from the lilac to white, subsequently assumes the yellow color of the last whorl; periostracum clear brown.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  bandanus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1,  p. 611
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Banda, Moluccas, Indonesia
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 77 x 45 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-bandanus
Synonyms:- equestris Röding, 1798; torquatus Röding, 1798; vidua Reeve, 1843; nigrescens Sowerby ii, 1859
Geographic Range:-Natal to Somalia and to Hawaii and Tuamotu Archipelago.
Habitat:-Shallow subtidal to 90 m ; mostly encountered in 5-20 m. On coral reef, in reef lagoons; in sand, on weedy sand, rocks, and rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to large, moderately light to heavy. Forms equestris and vidua smaller than other forms; form
nigrescens moderately small to medium-sized and moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; outline nearly straight, variably convex adapically. Shoulder angulate, moderately to strongly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, consistently low in forms vidua, nigrescens and equestris; outline straight to moderately concave. Larval shell of about 2.25 whorls. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave in late whorls, with 2-4 weak spiral grooves and additional spiral striae; spiral sculpture often obsolete. Last whorl with weak spiral grooves on basal third to three-fourths.
Ground colour white to pale violet or pale pink. Last whorl with a blackish brown network of lines, triangular areas and rhomboid blotches clustered in a spiral band on either side of central area; bands often with an orange to brown background. Base may be tinged with bluish grey. Apex white to light purple; larval whorls light yellow in Hawaiian shells. Postnuclear sutural ramps with a blackish brown network of lines and streaks. Aperture white, occasionally tinged with violet, pink or yellow; base of aperture may be brown.
Shell Morphometry
L 50- 150 mm
-form vidua 45 -80 mm
-form nigrescens 25 -65 mm
-form equestris 45 -60 mm
RW 0.08 -1.90 g/mm (L 25-123 mm)
RD 0.53 -0.66
RD -form vidua 0.57- 0.63
RD -form nigrescens 0.58- 0.66
PMD 0.82- 0.94
RSH 0.03- 0.20
-form vidua 0.03 -0.10
-form nigrescens 0.07 -0.11
-form equestris 0.07 -0.10
In form equestris, colour bands with larger blackish brown blotches, interspersed with white tents of various sizes.
In form vidua , last whorl with a broad blackish brown or occasionally bright orange spiral band above centre and another at basal third, both interspersed with small white to brownish white tents. Lower band often extends to base. White zones below shoulder and below centre with a variably incomplete network of fine zigzag lines and small spots; pattern ranging from obsolete wavy lines to continuous lines edging coalescent tents. Base tinged with bluish grey. Anterior end of aperture violet-brown or orange-brown; rest of aperture white, suffused with blue or orange.
In form nigrescens, colour pattern ranging from typically patterned to almost solid black shells. Aperture white to bluish white.
Discussion:-C. bandanus is a close relative of C. marmoreus, and some authors have included it in the latter species. The conchological differences are comparatively slight, consisting of more pronounced spire tubercles and a less regular pattern with 2 distinct dark colour bands in C. bandanus, while the pattern of C. marmoreus is generally uniform and lacks bands. Ecological differences also favour separation on the species level: C. bandanus usually lives in deeper water and often occupies a different microhabitat where both occur in sympatry. In Kwajalein, Marshall Is., C. marmoreus is found on inter-island coral reef and at the east side of the lagoon on sand bottom, while C. bandanus is restricted to rock and rubble bottoms of the ocean-side and the lagoon-side of the west reef; co-occurrence has not been observed. In New Caledonia, the bathymetric ranges differ (1-5 m in C. marmoreus; 5-18 m in C. bandanus).
Specimens agreeing with the description of C. vidua cannot be clearly separated from C. bandanus by conchological characters. In the western part of the central Philippines, they intergrade with C. bandanus. Their co- occurrence, with intermediate shells, favours the ranking of C. vidua as a form of C. bandanus.
Specimens agreeing with the description of C. nigrescens show a gradual transition from the typical C. bandanus pattern to almost black shells. In Western Samoa, 6% of the population have nearly black shells, while in American Samoa, the pattern is like that of C. bandanus elsewhere. Shell size is similar in American Samoa and Western Samoa. The habitat is very similar in American Samoa and Hawaii (Purtymun, 1977). RKK provisionally consider C. nigrescens a form, occurring in Samoa, Solomon Is. and Admiralty Is.

 

 

Conus bandanus  f.  cuyoensis  Lorenz & Barbier, 2012

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Original Description

Picture Link: Paul kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten   White specimen

 

Published in: Acta Conch. 11, 3,  pls 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cuyo, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29.3mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus vidua Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-vidua cuyoensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Palawan, Philippines
Habitat:-Shallow, subtidal to 90 m, mostly encountered in 5-20 m.
Description:-Source Original description.
Small to medium sized, broadly conical, solid and heavy. Last whorl slightly ventricose, rather dull, the anterior half with densely spaced nodulose spirals. Orange colored.
Discussion:-The authors raised Conus vidua to the status of a valid species and described these orange shells as a subspecies of Conus vidua. C. vidua forma cuyoensis would have been unavailable name since forms named after 1960 are considered outside the scope of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

 

 

Conus bandanus f.  equestris  Röding,  1798

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in ZMUC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Museum Boltenianum 2: I-VIII,  p. 38
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype in ZMUC deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 47 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-bandanus equestris forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Moluccas, Indonesia
Habitat:-Shallow subtidal to 90 m ; mostly encountered in 5-20 m. On coral reef, in reef lagoons; in sand, on weedy sand, rocks, and rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae. C. bandanus
In form equestris, colour bands with larger blackish brown blotches, interspersed with white tents of various sizes.
Discussion:-No Data

 


Conus bandanus  f.  nigrescens  Sowerby ii, 1859

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten   The specimen in the middle of the picture shows a normal patterned specimen from the same location.

 

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,  p. 429,  pl. 49,  f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-bandanus nigrescens subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Solomon Islands, Admirality Islands, Samoa
Habitat:-Shallow subtidal to 90 m; mostly encountered in 5-20 m. On coral reef, in reef lagoons; in sand, on weedy sand, rocks, and rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. bandanus
In form nigrescens, colour pattern ranging from typically patterned to almost solid black shells. Aperture white to bluish white.

 

 

Conus bandanus f. vidua  Reeve, 1843

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Conch. Icon.. i. Conus,  pl. 8, sp. 45
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Capul, Philippines
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 72 x 41 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus bandanus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-bandanus vidua forma
Synonyms:- cuyoensis Lorenz &  Barbier, 2012
Geographic Range:-Southern and central Philippines
Habitat:-Shallow subtidal to 90 m; mostly encountered in 5-20 m. On coral reef, in reef lagoons; in sand, on weedy sand, rocks, and rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. bandanus
Discussion:-Orange colour specimens circulate under the names mozoii and cuyoensis. C. vidua forma mozoii is an unavailable name since forms named after 1960 are considered outside the scope of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


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Conus  baochauae  Thach, 2020

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Dr. Thach

 

Published in: New Shells of South Asia  N.N. Thach 2020, p. 30, pl. 29, fig. 355-356
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: off Southeast of Ninh Thuân Province, Central Vietnam
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 105.4 x 46.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Unsure
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-baochauae
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Vietnam
Habitat:-near sand on coral reef at 20 m depth
Description: - Shell large for the genus, heavy, body whorl slightly cylindrical with slightly convex outline at dorsal side and ornamented with broad spiral bands. Spire tall and conical with concave sides, sutures shallow. Shoulder of body whorl rounded, sutural ramp concave with closely-spaced axial ribs crossed by spiral grooves. Sculpture consists mainly of elevated, regularly-spaced spiral ribs, crossed by widely-spaced axial grooves. Aperture elongate, widening anteriorly and occupying 85% of shell height, outer lip moderately thick with distant, black dots at inner margin. Background chocolate-colored with many white, irregularly-sized triangles and elongate white stripes at interspaces of spiral bands.

 

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Conus  barazeri   Tenorio & Castelin,  2016

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN  Manuel Tenorio

Published in: European Journal of Taxonomy; p. 25 – 29; fig. 11 A-G
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bellona Reef, Chesterfield, New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 11.6 x 7.0 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONOLITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-barazeri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Bellona Reef, Chesterfield and Grand Passage, Coral Sea, New Caledonia
Habitat:-Found at depths of 333 - 386 m
Description:-Original Description
Shell very small (maximum length: 16.3 mm). Shell profile conical, with a spire low to moderate in height. Spire profile straight. Shoulder angulated, with a distinct rim. Last whorl with straight sides, smooth, with some grooves present in the basal quarter, which appears slightly deflected to the left. Protoconch white, porcellaneous of 1.5 whorls Early teleoconch whorls 640 with small nodules, which are lost after whorl 3. Sutural ramp flat to slightly concave, slightly stepped, bearing 3–5 strong cords, with a smooth ridge above suture. Spire white, with yellow-brown blotches on the ridge above the suture. Ground colour pale orange-brown to creamy white. Last whorl with a pattern of pure white dashes and dots arranged in spiral lines, often alternating with dashes of orange-brown. Sparse small diffuse rounded orange-brown spots occasionally present.

The holotype shows just below the midbody an orange-brown narrow band overlaid with white dashes arranged in spiral. This is however absent in other specimens examined, some of which are patternless. Columella and aperture white.

Discussion:-

 

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Conus  barbara  Brazier, 1898

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in SAM

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Vol. 22, p. 781, fig. 18

Ocean geography: Indo Pacific

Type Locality: Solomon Islands, corrected by Monnier, Limpalaër & Robin: Entrance Point, Broome, Western Australia

Type Data: Holotype in SAM deposited and catalogued

Type Size: 20,3 mm

Nomenclature: An available name

Taxonomy: Reestablished as a valid species

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Pioconus Species:-barbara

Synonyms:

Geographic Range:- Western Australia

Habitat:-Buried in sandy bottoms close to rocks at low tide

Description:-

Shell of medium to moderately large size sizethe outline is ventricosely to conical with a moderately high spire.

The first teleoconch whorls are neither tuberculate nor stepped. The suturel ramps have an adpressed suture. The sutural ramp is sculptured with 4 to 6 threads. Their number does not appear to increase with growth.

The last whorl is sculptured with shallow cords that become more conspicuous towards the anterior end.

The pattern of the last whorl has a background of light grey that  is marbled with darker bluish grey and irregular patches of olive green or greenish brown color organized in two bands. The wider one begins at the shoulder and extends down to onethird of the body whorl. The second begins under the middle of the last whorl and may extend down to the base in some specimens. This pattern is covered by 35 – 40 spiral lines of dark brown dashes that are more conspicuous in the brownish patches. These spiral lines are articulated with white specks in the brownish patches that become bigger, irregular and extend beyond the spiral lines within the greyish background.

Discussion:-

 

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Conus  barbieri  Raybaudi G. (Massilia), 1995

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: La Conchiglia xxvii, no. 274, p. 60,  f. 1-4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Leyte Gulf, South of Samar Island, Phillipines
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.6 x 12.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylindrus Species:-barbieri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal under rocks on muddy and rocky bottom, inside reef.
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell small, last whorl conic-cylindrical and gloss.. Sides not much convex, diminished at base. Shoulder subangulate and smooth. Protoconch smooth, globose, opaque and paucispiral, with.Background colour white to grey-bluish, last whorl covered by a thick network of brown or bluish axial and spiral lines, that make tents of background colour, of different dimension and often with two large dark brown bands above and below a central zone. The axial lines can merge up to give an evenly brown or blue shell, with one or two darker bands. Protoconch and first five teleoconch whorls white, the others with the same pattern of the last whorl. Aperture bluish. Periostracum smooth, opaque, brown.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  barrosensis  Cossignani & Fiadeiro,  2017

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima

 

Published in: Malacologia 94, p. 26 - 27
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Joăo Barrosa, Boa Vista island, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 11 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Uncertain
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-barrosensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- The specimens studied were found in 0.5 to 5 meters deep under rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Shell pyriform, small (9-12 mm), for the genus, with moderately raised spire slightly concave, almost linear, Whorl tops slightly stepped, gently sloping, rounded with widening  towards rounded shoulder.. The aperture is wide and the columellar margin follows the line of the outer lip. The protoconch is usually broken, dome-shaped, slightly flattened, almost clear white color.. 4 spiral grooves, are highlighted in the whorl tops that have background colour of gray-pink with whitish spots; brown irregular transverse flammules  that run over the shoulder slightly on to the last whorl. Last whorl, smooth, with just sparse abapical grooves;, it has a gray-reddish brown or caramel colour  with  whitish splotches in  two spiral bands found at  1/7 and 4/7 of the lip and two white bands that are visible inside aperture.

Discussion:-

 

 

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Conus  barthelemyi  Bernardi, 1861

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: J. Conchyl. 9,  p. 285
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Chagos Is.
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 70 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-barthelemyi
Synonyms:- paradiseus Shikama, 1977
Geographic Range:-Mascarenes, Comores, Seychelles, Chagos and Maldives, probably also Sri Lanka; Christmas Is. and Cocos (Keeling) Is. (S. E. Indian Ocean).
Habitat:-In 10-30 m, inhabiting sand and rock substrata
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to solid; Maldive shells smaller. Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical; outline convex at adapical fourth, straight below, occasionally slightly concave centrally; shells from Christmas Is. and Cocos (Keeling) Is. narrower than those from other areas. Siphonal fasciole prominent in larger shells. Shoulder broadly carinate to carinate. Spire low, of moderate height in Maldive specimens ; outline usually sigmoid, sometimes nearly straight. Larval shell projecting, maximum diameter 0.7-0.8 mm. First 4-7 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, late whorls broadly carinate. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, grading to deeply concave in late whorls, with 2 increasing to 4-9 spiral grooves that are often weak on latest ramps; prominent subsutural ridge as strong as or stronger than shoulder carina. Last whorl with weak to distinct, variably spaced spiral ribs and ribbons on basal fourth and with distinct to obsolete spiral striae to shoulder.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with variably broad, orangish to reddish or violet brown spiral bands usually leaving interrupted to solid narrow white bands centrally and at base. Spiral rows of blackish brown dots, spots, bars, and blotches from base to shoulder; number and arrangement of rows and markings within rows highly variable. Shells with immaculate last whorls almost completely overlaid with blending shades of orange to violet brown intergrade with shells that have their last whorls prominently mottled with white and black. In Maldives, last whorl lighter orange-pink. Siphonal fasciole white to pale orange. Larval whorls white. First 2-4 teleoconch sutural ramps immaculate white or cream; following ramps with light brown to black radial blotches usually extending over outer margin. Aperture white to bluish white.
Shell Morphometry
L 42-84 mm
RW 0.23-0.73 g/mm
(L 42-80 mm)
RD 0.55-0.65
PMD 0.82-0.91
RSH 0.06-0.12
(typical form; 0.11- 0.14 Maldives)
Discussion:-C. barthelemyi is very similar to and perhaps conspecific with C. gauguini; it may also be confused with C. gubernator from the Mascarenes and Amirantes.

 

 

Conus barthelemyi f.  jeanduvali  Bozzetti,  2010  A nomen nudum; only listed for reference

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Specimen L. Bozzetti

 

Published in: Malacologia 68,  3
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mahe
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum),described as form post 1960
Taxonomy: Not applicable; it is a color form of Conus barthelemyi (see there).
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name jeanduvali

 

Conus barthelemyi peterstimpsoni  Cossignani & Allary, 2021

 

Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 113

Holotype: 62 mm

Réunion

This should not be confused with Conus peterstimpsoni described by Cossignani and Allaryi in 2021.

 

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Conus  bartschi  Hanna & Strong, 1949

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CAS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 4. Xxvi,  no. 9,  p. 271, pl. 5, f. 5
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Off Cape San Lucas, Lower California; 20-25 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in CAS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Stephanoconus Species:-bartschi
Synonyms:- andrangae Schwengel, 1955
Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W Mexico - Costa Rica
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Walls
Solid moderately heavy, with a low gloss; low conical the upper sides straight/convex then pinched to base; few weak basal ridges, numerous axial lines flaws; shoulder broad sharply to roundly angled, strongly coronate with sharp projections; spire low to moderate, blunt, early whorls eroded; sides spire straight/concave; tops of whorls concave, margins strongly coronate; body whorl creamy white to pale straw covered with numerous fine spiral lines of brown dots dashes; this is overlaid with broad bands of dark brown blotches above base and midbody, the blotches often connected spirally; blotches may extend axially resulting almost in brown shell with white marks; dark brown areas have distinct spiral lines of darker dashes; shoulder and spire whitish, heavily eroded; shoulder and last 2 whorls few dark brown blotches and points; aperture moderately narrow uniform; outer lip thin sharp convex; mouth glossy white with yellow deeper; columella very narrow short internal.
Discussion:-Similar to C. brunneus which has strong spiral ridging on spire, deep brown body with small irregular patches, spiral lines of dashes longer, stronger.
C. bartschi has no spiral cords but only very numerous spiral threads along the spire whorls. C. brunneus has 3-6 well developed spiral cords that persist throughout growth.

 

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Conus  batarde  Prigent, 1983

 

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Rossiniana 21 11
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bourail, New Caledonia
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum),described as form after 1960.
Taxonomy: Not applicable
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name

 

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Conus  batheon  Sturany, 1904

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMW Mike Filmer

 

Published in: Denkschr. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien 74,  p. 227, pl. iv,  f. 6a-c,  7a-b
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Red Sea
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMW deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-batheon
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Red Sea (Dahlak)
Habitat:-200 meters muddy water
Description:-Comment
The original description of C. batheon illustrates 2 figures highlighting spiral ridges over the body whorl. One of the syntypes matches the second figure. It is a broad shell with pyriform shape with moderate height of concave spire. 3-4 spiral ridges on spire ramps. There are spiral ridges across all the last whorl. The colour is white with 3 bands of irregular orange axial flammules seperated by narrower white bands with orange dashes on ridges.The spiral is similarly coloured.
A second syntype is narrower with the same pattern on the spire, somewhat similar to C inscriptus. The last whorl has strong ridges on basal third gradually weakening and getting flatter/broader nearer the shoulder and has many square spots in spiral rows.
Discussion:- Specimens of Conus rolani are often offered as this species.

This shell is similar to C. grangeri. Its type specimen is similar in shape to the narrower form of C. batheon syntype with distinct flat ridges over the whorl to shoulder and a pattern of three bands of orange bands separated by narrower bands of orange dashes.

 

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Conus  bayani  Jousseaume, 1872

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Rev. Mag. Zool. 2,  p. 200, pl. 18, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Réunion (?)
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 51 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Stellaconus Species:-bayani
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-India, Sri Lanka, Red Sea to Somalia; probably in Madagascar.
Habitat:-In 20-100 m, on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid. Last whorl conical, outline nearly straight to slightly sigmoid. Shoulder carinate, often outwardly curved. Spire of low to moderate height, outline usually deeply concave. Larval shell of about 2.25-3 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.9 mm. First 5-8 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, usually forming a tall projecting cone above an otherwise nearly flat spire. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave; first 3 ramps may have 1-3 distinct spiral grooves, later ramps with inconspicuous spiral striae. Last whorl with distinct or weak spiral ribs and ribbons at base.
Ground colour white, often variably tinged with violet, occasionally with yellow. Last whorl with light to dark brown axial blotches, flames and streaks and with an overlying continuous or interrupted, brown spiral band on each side of centre; subshoulder area may have traces of an additional interrupted spiral band. Spiral rows of brown dashes may extend from base to shoulder, but vary widely in number and arrangement. Larval whorls brown. Early teleoconch sutural ramps immaculate white, later ramps with brown radial markings that may cross shoulder edge. Aperture white, occasionally shaded with pale violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 45-65 mm
RW 0.15-0.30 g/mm
RD 0.52-0.56
PMD 0.86-0.98
RSH 0.07-0.17
Discussion:-C. bayani is most similar to C. capreolus, C. voluminalis, C. generalis, C. maldivus and C. monile.

 

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Conus  bayeri  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM  Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas. p. 114, pl. 17,  f. 15. & 16
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Golfo de Morrosquillo, Colombia; 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-bayeri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Columbia to Panama
Habitat:-Found at depths around 30 m.
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell small for genus, slender with low spire; body whorl smooth, with 10 incised sulci around anterior tip; shoulder sharp-angled, carinated; spire whorls slightly canaliculate; 2 small spiral sulci on body whorl just below shoulder carina; shell color white, with 6 wide spiral bands made up of small, pale yellow-tan vertical lines; clear band around mid-body; anterior tip white; spire whorls with scattered pale yellow-tan flammules; interior of aperture white; early whorls with beaded carina.
Discussion:-Conus bayeri most closely resembles the Venezuelan C. paraguana Petuch, but differs in having a lower, canaliculate spire, in having two sulci around the shoulder below the carina, and in having bands of tiny vertical lines instead of rows of dots. Conus bayeri appears to be closer to members of the C. gradatus species complex from the Panamic Province-Eastern Pacific than it does to other Caribbean cones. A relatively non-descript little species, C. bayeri is apparently rare and has only been collected in the Golfo de Morrosquillo of Colombia.

 

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Conus  baylei  Jousseaume, 1872

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Rev. Mag. Zool. 2,  p. 198,  pl. 18,  f. 2
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Designated north coast of S. America
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 32 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lindaconus Species:- spurius baylei subsp.

Synonyms:- arubaensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968
Geographic Range:-In the Golfo de Venezuela, off the Guajira peninsula, Colombia, and off Aruba.
Habitat:-This subspecies is dredged in 10 to 20 m.
Description:-Source Original description
A solid shell quite thick and shiny. On a white background there is a pattern of light fawn nebulous spots separated by equal sized spaces. The spots are in four groups each separated by a thin band of white. In the middle zones the spots are joined to form irregular blotches. A the shoulder there is double row of spots. The spire has transverse striae on the later whorls and no sign of spiral striae.
Discussion:-Vink expands the description C. spurius baylei has a pattern of spiral bands of large black or dark brown maculations. It resembles C. spurius atlanticus from Venezuela, but the spiral rows of dashes to delimit the bands are very faint or absent. His interpretation does not match the original description in terms of colour but agrees in the lack of dashes in the pattern.
Tucker comments: Spuriconus spurius baylei makes up the eastern end of the group of three southern subspecies. It like S. s. quadratus (sensu Vink) has minute ridges on the anterior half of the shell. Other than the ridges it is difficult to distinguish shells of this subspecies from those of the three northern subspecies. However, shells from the range laid out by Vink really do look different from those of the northern subspecies. This may be due to the more rounded slightly swollen shoulder that accompanies at strongly elevated and concave spire. The color markings of this southern subspecies are often distinctly black. Black coloration does not occur to any great degree in the northern subspecies.

 

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Conus  bazarutensis  Fernandes  & Monteiro, 1988

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotye in NHMW Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paratype

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Publcoes Occ. Soc. Port. Malac. (10),  p. 19, figs A & B
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bazaruto Island, southern Mozambique
Type Data: Holotype in BMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46.4 x 25.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pennaceus
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus bazarutensis

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique
Habitat:-
Description:-Source Original description: Shell moderate in size, with slightly convex profile and rounded shoulder. The spire is short and often gently concave towards the last whorls. The body whorl presents many obsolete spiral cords, stronger on the anterior zone; some spiral striation is also present in the spire whorls, but can be seen only under magnification. The anterior end is twisted over the columella, the aperture is rather wide, particularly along the anterior half of the shell. The protoconch is dirty white, whereas the postnuclear whorls and the entire body whorl are grayish blue, covered with a complicated dark brown ornamentation which can form either a pattern of large bluish triangles bordered in brown, or a net of dark brown with small blue spots. The aperture is of a seep violet hue, slightly lighter towards the interior of the shell; near the lip, the outer brown pattern shows through.

Specimens from Bazaruto Island are smaller than the ones from mainland Mozambique and they are more glossy with a reddish brown pattern.

 

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Conus  beatrix  Tenorio, Poppe, Tagaro,  2007

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMPM Original Description

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Visaya 2(2), 80
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Aliguay, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in NMPM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.3 x 9.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kurodaconus Species:-beatrix
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Aliguay, Philippines
Habitat:-Between 50 and 150 m on sand
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell small to moderately small; light and rather thin. The profile is biconical, with a very high spire and with a carinate shoulder. Outline of the last whorl rather pyriform. Last whorl with a satin gloss, covered with distinct equally-spaced spiral grooves leaving flat ribbons between. Ground color white or creamy-white. Most shells essentially patternless. However, scarce faint golden brown blotches may be present, especially on the upper part of the spire and near the siphonal channel. Occasionally, diffuse brown streaks often arranged in form of a faint band near the mid-body of the last-whorl, or small brown spots on the shoulder, may also be present. The aperture is pure white

 

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Conus  beddomei  Sowerby iii, 1901

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn

Published in: J. Malac. Viii, p. 101,  pl. ix,  f. 1
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: West Indies; restricted to Grenadines, Lesser Antilles by Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils (1982)
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus ziczac Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1816 although this status is disputed by some.
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name beddomei

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Conus behelokensis  Lauer,  1989

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Copyrights MNHN Paris, France

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Rossiniana (43),  p. 13, no 72, figs 63a-c

Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: 50 kms South of Tuléar, Madasgascar

Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued

Type Size: 48.3 x 25 mm

Nomenclature: An available name

Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pennaceus

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus behelokensis

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:-Madagascar

Habitat:- On coral Reef

Last whorl ventricosely conical to sometimes conoid-cylindrical; early postnuclear whorls with straight to slightly convex sides. Ground colour grayish blue to grayish violet. Shells overlaid with olive, yellowish or orangish brown except for scattered groups of rather small ground-colour tents intergrade with shells with separate brown blotches and spirally as well as axially grouped tents between. Darker brown spiral lines prominent, dotted to solid, and variably articulated with small ground-colour markings.

 

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Conus  belairensis  Pin & Leung Tack in Pin, 1989

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Paratype Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolan

 

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 14, p. 33, pl. IIA,  f. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Pointe de Bel-Air, Senegal
Type Data: Holotype was in MNHN and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 36.7 x 20. 5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-belairensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W Africa, Senegal
Habitat:-At rocks in 50 m.
Description:-Source Pin and Tack
The shell, of 9 whorls, is solid and turbinate, with a very large and regularly rounded shoulder. The sides are slightly convex, or even almost straight after the curve of the shoulder. The spire is regular, with a well marked suture. All along the last whorl there are about 15 small axial ribs, mostly visible to the naked eye, while smaller spiral cords are visible under magnification on the whole last whorl, the last three near the base being more evident than the others. The regular columella shows a small plica in its upper part and six rough cords at the base. The lip has a very rounded profile by the shoulder. The average size is 25- 30 mm. The biggest known specimen is 45.4 mm high and 23-24 mm wide. The surface of the last whorl is bright reddish brown at the superior three quarters and creamy near the base. A brown-purplish band by the sutured continues as a spiral almost up to the last whorl and is sparkled with white spots. On the lower 3 fourths of the last whorl, there is a spiral of white spots that are larger than high and more numerous at mid-body. On the upper part of the last whorl these spots are less thick but form a sort of band towards the lower third. Apart from the brown- purplish band mentioned above, the spire is white.
The last whorl can be entirely cream brown in its upper part and lighter in its lower part, the two areas being separated by a more or less neat band and white traces being visible only towards the aperture. It can also be greenish yellow, with two lighter and fairly large bands about the lower third and on the shoulder, the interior of the shell being then purplish with those two bands. More seldom, the background can be entirely dark brown except near the base, with white spots always larger that high occupying the whole surface of the last whorl. It can be brown, dark above and light below, with a more or less large band very light brown in colour; some white spots are then sprinkled on the whole shell, particularly near the aperture. In all these cases a subsutural purplish brown band extends from the last whorl as far as the spire when this is not too severely eroded. The periostracum is light brown, not thick, and allows the ornamentation to show through.
The interior of the shell is a solid brilliant white; the lip is interiorly bordered with a light purplish band, visible only in its upper part.
Discussion:-Now extinct in Bel-Air near Dakar, Senegal but found in N'deyane, Petit Cote and Madeleine Is, Senegal.
The most common variety of C. belairensis is fairly close to C. mercator in both shape and ornamentation. But the last whorl of C. belairensis is more turbinate and its sides are hardly convex and almost straight, while those of C. mercator are narrower towards the base. The spire of C. mercator is mucronate and often concave, while that of C. belairensis is regularly sharpened. As for the ornamentation, the young specimens of C. belairensis often show small white spots situated as in C. mercator, either in bands by the lower third or on the whole surface of the last whorl. But in C. belairensis these spots are larger and tend to disappear in adult specimens, leaving just a trace near the aperture or a band more or less evident by the lower third.
C. belairensis used to live together with the often bluish specimens of C. cacao that represented the northern limit of the distribution of the latter; but these were never more that 30 mm long, while C. belairensis can exceed 40 cm. In C. belairensis the shoulder is more rounded, the base wider, and the sides straighter than in C. cacao. In C. cacao the interior of the aperture is slightly purplish, reddish or both, with a band in the middle, while in C. belairensis this band clearly separates the colours, purplish with of without some reddish towards the top, whitish at the bottom. Finally, C. cacao always has 2 nets of white spots near the shoulder and towards the lower third of the last whorl, while in C. belairensis these spots are either barely visible (and becoming a band by the lower third of the last whirl) or altogether absent.

 

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Conus  belizeanus  Petuch & Sargent,  2011

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in LACM Dennis Sargent

Published in: Visaya 3(3), 41
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Belize Atolls
Type Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15.5 x 9.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-belizeanus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Belize
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small, broad across shoulder, stocky, pyriform in profile; spire low. Glossy shell; color uniform bright orange-red overlaid by prominent wide white band and small brown flammules and dots around mid- bodyl;  protoconch bright orange, mamillate. Shoulder sharply-angled, subcarinate, ornamented with 14-15 irregular undulations .Aperture interior deep pinkish-orange with paler central area that corresponds to white mid-body color bands.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  bellocqae  van Rossum,  1996

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in Naturalis, Leiden  Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paratype 1  Bill Fenzan

Picture Link: Paratype 2  Bill Fenzan

 

Published in: World Shells,  no. 12,  p. 59,  figs. 1-6
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Conakry, Guinea, West Africa; 50-60 m.
Type Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 60.4 x 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus ambiguus Reeve, 1844
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Monteiroconus Species:-ambiguus bellocqae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Guinee
Habitat:-Trawled at 50 m
Description:-Source original description
Shell heavy, glossy, sides of whorl almost straight, not inflated at shoulder, smooth, shoulder roundly angled. Ground colour of body whorl whitish violet covered with numerous irregular reddish axial lines interrupted by two whitish violet spiral bands. Spire low to flat covered with reddish lines like body whorl.
Protoconch sharp pointed with 2 whorls; teleoconch over three whorls and spire of 6-7whorls with no nodules or grooves. Aperture narrow and straight; outer lip thin. Violet white inside aperture.
Discussion:-A shell similar to C. ambiguus with wavy reddish brown axial flammules.

 

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Conus  bellulus  Rolán, 1990

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Iberus Sup. 2,  p. 44,  pl. 1,  f. 14,  pl. 2, f. 14,  pl. 5
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Curral, Isla de Santa Luzias; Saragossa, Isla de San Vicente, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18.9 x 10.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-bellulus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Santa Luzia, San Vicente Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-It is found among rocks in 0,5 m of depth, in zone of broken water.
Description:-Source Original description Iberus
Morphology of the seashell. The maximum dimension is from 15 to 20 mm. The silhouette is somewhat slender, with straight profile, shoulder well formed and angulate. Spire somewhat elevated, clearly stepped, no striations, somewhat eroded and of white color with small brown spots. In the coloring of the seashell white is mixed with yellow tones, siena (with greenish tones) and dark brown. The distribution of the colors is very characteristic: the white is situated in three places: on the spire and in the shoulder, in a band on lower half of the last whorl and in another between the two; in these bands the dark brown color appears silhouetting the white spots; among these white bands are situated areas of siena or yellow that have also some irregular white spots; the nearest one to the base is normally the widest one. On the base, the color is lighter. The pattern has little variability, but some specimens of San Vicente have the edges among the bands less marked giving the impression that are mixed. The interior of the aperture has some brown color very diffused. The lip edge reveals the exterior color. Columella bluish white with light violet color in rare cases. Periostracum fine, transparent, yellow and without shine.
Source Iconography
The shell is small to very small, with an angulated shoulder and a straight profile. Spire moderately high, clearly stepped, white with small brown dashes, the sutural ramps with very weak spiral striae. Shell in shades of white, yellow and greenish brown. There are usually three white areas; the spire and shoulder, a spiral band below the central portion of the last whorl and another one between the two previous zones; on these white bands, brown lines delimit the white areas. Between the white bands there are brownish or yellow bands, also with some irregular white blotches. Aperture brownish, with two light bands.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus  bengalensis  Okutani,  1968

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in TRFR Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Venus Vol. xxvi,  nos 3 & p. 66, pl. 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bay of Bengal; 50 m.
Type Data: Holotype in TRFR deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 96.7 x 31.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylindrus Species:-bengalensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Andaman Sea, Bay of Bengal, S.E. India
Habitat:-In 50-130 m, on mud and sand bottoms
Description:-Source Living Conidae.
Large, usually solid. Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical to narrowly conical; outline almost straight, often slightly concave centrally. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder; exhalent notch about 1/3 of maximum diameter. Shoulder subangulate to angulate. Spire usually of moderate height, stepped; outline almost straight. Larval shell of about 3 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1.1 mm. First 4-7 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with 0-2 increasing to 2-6 fine spiral grooves, generally with obsolete spiral striae in late whorls. Last whorl with very weak spiral ribs or ribbons at base.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with fine light to dark brown reticulated lines and yellowish brown flecks and blotches. Blotches grouped in spiral rows, interspersed with broad brown axial and fine to coarse spiral lines. Lines producing very small to medium-sized tents arranged in 3 spiral bands, below shoulder and centre and at base. Larger tents concentrated between or near brown zones. Larval whorls beige to pinkish violet. First 2-3 postnuclear sutural ramps pale pink or white, immaculate. Following sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 85-132 mm
RW 0.25-0.65 g/mm
RD 0.36-0.44
(-India 0.46 - 0.47)
PMD 0.80-0.96
RSH 0.16-0.24
Discussion:-C. bengalensis is similar to C. gloriamaris and C. milneedwardsi. C. gloriamaris can be distinguished by its broader last whorl (RD 0.45-0.50), less angulate shoulder, more convex outline below shoulder, and by its finer pattern with smaller tents and 3 rather than 2 broad spiral bands of yellowish brown blotches on the last whorl. Shells from S. E. India differ from typical C. bengalensis in having a broader last whorl (RD 0.46-0.47). Specimens from the Red Sea are so close to C. bengalensis, that RKK tentatively assign them to this species. The adult shell is smaller (L 65 mm) than typical C. bengalensis, has a broader last whorl (RD 0.48) and a more angulate shoulder; its colour pattern rather resembles that of C. milneedwardsi in its widely meshed arrangement and the absence of broad axial lines from the yellow-brown blotches.

 

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Conus  berdulinus  Veillard, 1972

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Of Sea and Shore 4,  p. 176,  pl.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Pointe des Galets, Reunion; 140 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 68.3 x 36.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virgiconus Species:-berdulinus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Natal to Mascarenes, Somalia, S. Oman
Habitat:-In 40-140 m; holotype reported from muddy sand bottom
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to heavy. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical, outline convex at adapical fourth to third and straight below. Shoulder angulate to subangulate or almost rounded, usually with a fine carina. Spire low, outline concave to slightly convex or sigmoid. About first 5 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly sigmoid, with 3-4 spiral grooves, changing to many striae in late whorls. Last whorl with obsolete spiral ribs at base.
Colour bluish violet or white shaded with violet or cream. Last whorl usually with a paler spiral band at centre; in shells from India and Oman, a weak to prominent, variably broad, violet to orange spiral band on each side of centre. Larval whorls white. Teleoconch spire tinged or radially streaked with pinkish orange or pinkish violet. Aperture white, pale violet or pale orange.
Shell Morphometry
L 48-100 mm
RW 0.26-1.00 g/mm
(L 48-78 mm)
RD 0.51-0.59
PMD 0.83-0.90
RSH 0.05-0.10

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Conus  bermudensis  Clench,  1942

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MCZ Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Johnsonia 1, p. 34,  pl. 13,  f. 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Dyer Is., Bermuda
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43 x 22.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus mindanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-mindanus bermudensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bermuda, E. Florida
Habitat:-Found at depths of 5m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell up to 50 mm in length, heavy and smooth. Colour porcelain white with pinkish irregular blotches or bands. Aperture tinged with pink. Some specimens have spiral rows of many very fine reddish dots. Whorls tapering and slightly convex. Sculpture of numerous incised lines which are most visible at base.

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Conus  bernardii   Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv.,  pl. 100,  f. 2

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,  p. 220, pl. 100, f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Holotype was in MNHN and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 46 x 20 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus cinereus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-cinereus bernardii forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines, Indonesia
Habitat:-Subtidal
Description:- C. bernardii is a reddish brown colour variant with spirally arrayed grey or white markings at shoulder, within adapical third and near centre. It occurs sympatrically with the typical form in Philippines and Indonesia.

 

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Conus  bernardinoi  Cossignani,  2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Malacologia 82, p. 24 - 25
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia da Parda, Sal, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 23,5 x 12,7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym cuneolus Reeve, 1843: see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-bernardinoi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- The specimens studied were found at 0.5 to 8 meters deep, among rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Shell of small size ( 14 to 35 mm ) with a pyriform profile, with background pattern of white -black-gray webbing giving the effect like 'scale of the snake', two spiral bands around central area are lighter. Spire slightly elevated, slightly tuberculate and almost linear profile; dome-shaped protoconch with sutures lightly engraved in darker color; wide aperture, dark blue inside, with darker medial band ;attachment of lip to the shoulder creates a small step. The aperture occupies 4/5 of height of shell.

Discussion:-

 

Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231

Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes

New species proposed:  Africonus cuneolus  Reeve, 1843

 

 

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Conus  berschaueri  Petuch & Myers, 2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP  Petuch & Myers

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 3, p. 32; fig. 2 D, E & F
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: Great Bay, Philipsburg, Sint Maarten Island, Lesser Antilles
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-JASPIDICONUS
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-berschaueri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sint Maarten Island, Lesser Antilles
Habitat:-Found in coral rubble and beach drift along shore
Description:-: Shell fusiform, with slightly rounded, convex sides and high pyramidal spire; shoulder sharply angled, bordered by thin, low carina; body whorl shiny, ornamented with 16 – 17 low, evenly-spaced, beaded spiral cords; beads on low cords elongated in shape; body whorl color pale salmon pink, overlaid with scattered, widely-separated, narrow longitudinal flammules of pale orange-tan color; elongated beads on spiral cords pale pinkish-white in color, with some interspersed beads being pale tan; shoulder carina pale pinkish-white, marked with 10-12, widely-separated dark orange-brown spots; spire whorls salomn-pink, marked with large, narrow, amorphous, dark orange-brown, widely-separated flammules; dome dark spire flammules connect with dark spots along carina’early whorls pale yellow; aperture proportionally wide, becoming wider at anterior end; interior of aperture pale pinkish-salmon color; protoconch proportionally large, ver rounde, mamillate.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus bertarollae  Costa & Simone, 1997

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MORG Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Siratus 3,  p. 4. fig.
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Alcobaca, Bahia, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MORG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 11.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-archetypus bertarollae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brazil, Bahia
Habitat:-Shallow water reef
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for genus. Color bright orange red with white blotches on shoulder and spire and a spiral band of irregular blotches at midbody. This band may be missing in some specimens. Spire 12-15% of total length, sculptured with thin spiral grooves. Suture deep giving spire a stepped aspect.Protoconch white mamillate. Whorl with slightly convex outline covered with thin axial growth lines crossed by circa 25 spiral lines that become stronger anteriorly.Shoulder angular and smooth.
Discussion:-C. bertarollae can be distinguished by its colour. It lives with C. archetypus which has a length width ratio of 1.74 compared to C.  bertarollae at 1.94. The color of archetypus is paler and the spiral structure weaker.

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Conus bessei  Petuch, 1992

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CMNH Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: La Conchiglia xxiii, no. 264,  p. 36,  figs. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Cayo Caratasca, Honduras, 20 m.
Type Data: Holotype in CMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-bessei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Honduras
Habitat:-On coral rubble bottom at depths of 20 m.
Description:-Source original description.
Shell small for genus, stocky, broad; shoulder sharply- angled, subcarinated; spire flattened; body whorl smooth and shiny; aperture narrow; protoconch mammillate, distinctly projecting above flattened spire; anterior tip of shell with 7 large rounded spiral cords; color white, overlaid with 2 wide bands of bright red-orange irregular flammules, one above mid-body line and one below; white areas below shoulder and around midbody overlaid with rows of tiny orange-brown dots (holotype with 4 rows of dots around shoulder and 5 rows of dots around midbody); spire whorls white, with regularly-spaced, triangular, reddish-brown flammules; protoconch and early whorls bright pink; interior of aperture white; anterior tip of shell white with scattered large very pale orange-red flammules; periostracum unknown.
Discussion:-Conus bessei is a member of a large complex of small, reef-dwelling Caribbean cones that characteristically exhibit a high degree of endemism. Most members of the complex do not have planktotrophic larvae and are, therefore, confined to relatively small ranges, particularly around small platforms and islands. The new Honduran cone is most similar to C. kirkandersi Petuch 1987, particularly in size and shape, but differs from the Cozumel Island endemic in having a smoother, shinier shell, in having bright red-orange flammule bands, and in having the rows of tiny orange-brown dots. The new species is also similar to the Roatan Island endemic, Conus kalafuti da Motta, 1987 , but differs in being a stockier, less elongated shell with a proportionally wider shoulder. Conus kalafuti, with its yellow and yellow-orange flammules, differs markedly from the bright red-orange flammuled C. bessei. The Roatan endemic also lacks the distinctive rows of tiny dots seen on the Caratasca species.
Tucker suggests that this species should be grouped with C.  havanensis.

 

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Conus  betulinus  Linnaeus, 1758

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in LSL Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Systema Naturae 10th ed. 1,  p. 715
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Type locality not known, designated (C, M & W) Java, Indonesia.
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 101 x 67 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dendroconus Species:-betulinus
Synonyms:- medusa Gmelin, 1791; medusae Röding, 1798; tigris Röding, 1798; immaculata Dautzenberg, 1906; paucimaculata Dautzenberg, 1937; plurizonata Dautzenberg, 1937; scripta Dautzenberg, 1937; tabulata Dautzenberg, 1937; alternans Dautzenberg, 1937; zulu Petuch, 1979; rufoluteus Bozzetti & Ferrario, 2005; deprehendens Giovanni Prelle, 2009
Geographic Range:-South Africa to Oman and to the Ryukyu Is., New Caledonia, Solomon Is. and Queensland; absent from the Red Sea.
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; in sheltered bays and on reefs, inhabiting sand pockets, sand flats and muddy sand. Typical form lives mostly above 20 m; form zulu is reported from 30-50 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl ventricosely conical to broadly and ventricosely conical, less frequently conical, broadly conical or approaching pyriform; outline usually straight at abapical two-thirds and convex to strongly convex above, sometimes slightly concave near base. Shoulder subangulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline variably concave. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly convex, with numerous spiral striae. Basal third of last whorl with variably broad spiral ribs.
Ground colour yellowish tan to orangish brown, less often cream white mottled with yellow or orange; occasionally, ground overlaid with grey. Last whorl generally with spiral rows of brown markings, varying from a great number of closely set rows to absence of rows. Markings vary from narrow spiral dashes to rectangular bars and from dots to round or squarish spots and axial flecks. Dark markings alternate regularly with white markings that are often absent from adapical two-thirds. Basal part of last whorl may be of darker colour. Early teleoconch sutural ramps immaculate; later ramps variously maculated with dark brown spots or radial streaks and blotches. Aperture white, sometimes pale yellow or violet; smaller shells often suffused with violet-brown deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 55-177 mm
RW 0.50-4.60 g/mm
(L 55-165 mm)
RD 0.63-0.81
PMD 0.77-0.87
RSH 0.03-0.14
Discussion:-C. betulinus is similar to C. suratensis, C. figulinus, C. loroisii, and C. glaucus. C. suratensis is often difficult to distinguish from C. betulinus. It does not attain as large size as the latter species, generally has a narrower last whorl (RD 0.59-0.69) as well as a lower spire (RSH 0.02-0.06); the spiral sculpture of its last whorl consists of ribbons, and its pattern has more but smaller brown markings that are also axially aligned. RKK assign specimens from the E. African coast between Natal and Mozambique described as C. zulu to C. betulinus, although they may represent hybrids between C. betulinus and C. figulinus. At these localities and Madagascar and India, C. figulinus (L 45-90 mm), typical C. betulinus (L 75-175 mm) and moderately large adults (L 55-80 mm) appearing intermediate in shape and colour pattern co-occur in the same habitat. Should the latter shells be assigned to C. betulinus or be regarded as hybrids? Their last whorl, which may be slightly pyriform, often has a mixed grey, greenish and brownish ground colour with a contrasting shoulder band and variably fine dashed and dotted spiral lines; their spire may be relatively higher (0.05-0.14 vs. 0.03-0.10 in more typical C. betulinus). The morphometry of their last whorl (RD 0.66-0.78; PMD 0.82-0.86), the pronounced intermittent white dashes of their abapical spiral rows and the axial blotches of their sutural ramps suggest that they are assignable to C. betulinus rather than representing true intermediates with C. figulinus (RD 0.52-0.74; PMD 0.74-0.84).
The shells from Natal and Mozambique described as C. zulu differ from the shells from Madagascar in a less conical last whorl, a mostly steeper shoulder ramp and a consistently fine pattern. Although these characters make C. zulu slightly more similar to C. figulinus, RKK provisionally regard all the questionable Indian Ocean shells as forms of C. betulinus.
However, the possibility of hybridization between C. betulinus and C. figulinus cannot be excluded.
The variants described by Dautzenberg all refer to colour pattern forms.

 

 

Conus betulinus  f. deprehendens  Prelle,  2009

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Luigi Bozzetti

Published in: Malacologia 62 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MMM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 76.4 x 45 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: a form of Conus figulinus
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dendroconus Species:-betulinus deprehendens forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-SW. Madagascar
Habitat:-Intertidal and uppermost subtidal; in semi- sheltered or protected sites, living on fine to very fine sand of flats, often among vegetation.
Description:-Source Original description.
Considered to be an all brown form of C. figulinus The basic body color is ochre-orange, furrowed from thin spiral lines, some clearer and others more like the background colour that get confused with the sculpture; while, lengthwise, are bands darkening, as indicated, following the lines of growth. The aperture is white-rosy in the base color.
Discussion:-

 

 

Conus betulinus f.  rufoluteus  Bozzetti & Ferrario, 2005

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Image MNHN

 

Published in: Visaya 1-4 54
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tulear, Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 82 x 50 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus betulinus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dendroconus Species:-betulinus rufoluteus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:-Shallow water inside coral reef
Description:-Source Original description
Big heavy pyriform shell with straight sides and aperture. Basal part of body whorl with a dozen of regularly spaced fine spiral drills, rest of the whorl smooth apart eventual spiral growing marks. Broad rounded shoulder not distinct from the spire that is very low, almost flat except the protruding very first whorls. Body whorl uniformly yellow-orange, covered with spiral rows of pale orange-reddish spots , sometimes alternate with light yellow dashes. The spire presents larger and more evident orangish blotches. Aperture uniformly wide, white inside and orange at the edge, outer lip sharp but thick and strong. Narrow columella.
Discussion:-

 

 

Conus betulinus f. zulu  Petuch, 1979

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Nemouria, no. 23,  p. 19,  f. 28-31
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off mouth of Umfolozi R., Zululand coast, Natal, South Africa; ca. 40 m.
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 62 x 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus betulinus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dendroconus Species:-betulinus zulu forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Natal, Mozambique
Habitat:- form zulu is reported from 30-50 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae    C. betulinus
The shells from Natal and Mozambique described as C. zulu differ from the shells from Madagascar in a less conical last whorl, a mostly steeper shoulder ramp and a consistently fine pattern. Although these characters make C. zulu slightly more similar to C. figulinus, RKK provisionally regard all the questionable Indian Ocean shells as forms of C. betulinus.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  biancae  Bozzetti,  2010

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Luigi Bozzetti

Picture Link: Paratype: Luigi Bozzetti

 

Published in: Malacologia 66,  15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: SE Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of archiepiscopus Hwass, 1792: see Monnier et al., 2018 in Xenophora Taxonomy 19
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-biancae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-SE Madagascar
Habitat:-Intertidal
Description:-Source Original description
Shell medium sized for its genus, maximum length 42.90 mm, profile ventricosely conical, spire of medium height with sligthly concave outline, shoulder subangulate, body whorl convex on right side of apertural view, convex adapically and straight at the base on left sideSurface of body whorl covered by spiral cordlets becoming evaneshing adapically and add axial growth striae, spiral cords on the basal area and siphonal fasciole. colour pure white.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus bianchii  Petuch & Berschauer, 2018

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP

 

Published in: Festivus Vol. 50; p. 29-30;  Figures 9, 13 G, H
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: at 120 m depth on the Minerva Seamount due 30 north of the Abrolhos Platform, Bahia State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 11.2 x 5.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy:
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Coltroconus Species:- bianchii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Known only from the Minerva Seamount, to which the new species is endemic
Habitat:- prefers sea floors composed of fine carbonate muds mixed with coral rubble, in depths of 100 - 200 m
Description:-Source: Original description
Description: Shell tiny, of average size for genus, slender, elongated, with slightly convex sides; shoulder sharply angled, edged with row of 12 very large rounded knobs that extend beyond carinal area; spire elevated, pyramidal, distinctly scalariform and stepped; spire whorls heavily coronated; body whorl ornamented with 15-16 very large, raised spiral cords that are heavily pustulose, giving shell rough appearance; body whorl base color bright orange, overlaid with scattered small white patches and dots and often with wide white band around the mid-body; spire whorls white with scattered small dark orange patches; early whorls and protoconch pale yellow-white; protoconch proportionally very large, round, mammilate, composed of 2 whorls; aperture narrow, pale orange within interior.

 

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Conus  biliosus  Röding,  1798

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Chemnitz (1788: Pl. 139, fig. 1294)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

 

Published in: Museum Boltenianum 2: I-VIII,  p. 39
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Mannar (Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils, 1982)
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Chemnitz (1788: Pl. 139 fig. 1294)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-biliosus
Synonyms:- parvulus Link, 1807; piperatus Dillwyn, 1817; sapphirostoma Weinkauff, 1874; imperator Woolacott, 1956; meyeri Walls, 1979; neoroseus Da Motta, 1993
Geographic Range:-S. Africa to Somalia and to India and Sri Lanka, absent from Red Sea and Persian Gulf; Indonesia to Philippines and to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is. and Queensland.
Habitat:-Intertidal and slightly subtidal. In Mozambique and South Africa, at and below low-tide level in sandy crevices and caverns.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately light to solid. Last whorl conical, ventricosely conical or broadly and ventricosel y conical, occasionally pyriform; outline variably convex at adapical fourth to half and straight to moderately concave below; left side often sigmoid. In Indian populations, last whorl most conical, RD most variable. Shoulder angulate to subangulate, distinctly tuberculate to irregularly edged. Spire of low to moderate height, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Postnuclear spire whorls variably tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 1 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture may be weak in last whorls. Entire last whorl with rather evenly spaced, wrinkled spiral ribs and alternating wrinkled threads; spiral sculpture may be weaker toward shoulder, and some specimens are quite smooth.
Ground colour pale greyish blue or pale pink. Last whorl spirally banded with tan to olive brown or orangish brown, usually with variably broad ground-colour bands at centre and shoulder. In Indian Ocean populations, last whorl often maculated with bluish brown axial streaks; overlying spiral rows of brown dots sparsely to heavily developed on ribs. Basal part of last whorl and columella dark brown; in Indian shells, basal part mostly orange or tan, often similar to adjacent parts. Apex light brown or pink. Teleoconch sutural ramps radially maculated with orange to blackish brown, varying from sparse spots between marginal tubercles to solid dark brown colouration. In small adults, aperture bluish violet, edged with brownish violet, with a pale central band and a translucent marginal zone; aperture white in large adults.
Discussion:-C. biliosus is most similar to C. hyaena. Most authors regard C. parvulus as a distinct, valid species. Coomans et al. (1982) provisionally separated C. biliosus, C. imperator, and C. parvulus at the species level, while da Motta (1 993) did so with C. biliosus, C. parvulus (C. imperator as synonym), and C. neoroseus (shells from Philippines and Indonesia). The South Indian population is distinctive in its size and colour, but shows no clear differences in other shell characters. Walls ([1979]) described populations from South Africa and Mozambique as a separate subspecies (C. b. meyeri). These shells tend to be smaller than Indian shells and have a more convex outline of the last whorl, and more often weak tubercles. However, they intergrade with shells from southern India and the differences in shell morphometry are minimal. Our results suggest a clinal variation, in agreement with Kilburn(1982). C. biliosus refers to a specimen from the Gulf of Mannar, India, C. punctatus and C. piperatus seem to be synonyms. C. neoroseus is based on a specimen assumed to be from Philippines (da Motta, 1993); we know of similar shells from Indonesian populations. Specimens matching the lectotype of C. parvulus are known from Philippines and the W. Indian Ocean. C. imperator represents the Queensland population. The original figure of C. concinnus (= C. sapphirostoma) shows a small shell with smooth last whorl as occurring in Queensland and S. Africa (see Coomans et al., 1985a).
C. imperator often used for darker specimens from New Guinea/Queensland;
Specimens from Queensland to New Guinea often brightly colored reddish brown or bluish brown the base contrasting blackish and spire dark higher gloss and higher spire;
Specimens from Philippines paler straw, pale tan sometimes pinkish, the base less contrasted spire whitish spire lower sculpture heavier, gloss low; C. neoroseus).

 

 

Conus biliosus f.  meyeri  Walls, 1979

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Pariah, no. 5,  p. 3
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Genezano, Natl. South Africa.
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44 x 24.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus biliosus Röding, 1798
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-biliosus meyeri forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-S Africa; Madagascar; Mozambique
Habitat:-Intertidal and slightly subtidal
Description:-
Discussion:- form meyeri Walls; South Africa; smaller, convex dome spire and flared aperture; weaker tubercules.

 

 

Conus biliosus f.  neoroseus  da Motta, 1993

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul kersten

 

Published in: La Conchiglia xxiii,  no. 265,  p. 29,  f. 3-6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Designated Tayabas Bay, Luzon
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued(C. roseus)
Type Size: 30 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. roseus Lamarck, 1810.
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus biliosus Röding, 1798
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-biliosus neoroseus forma
Synonyms:- roseus Lamarck, 1810
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. biliosus.
C .b. neoroseus is a short shell strongly coronate on spire whorls with brown in interstices; ground colour rose tinted white with fine reddish dots and lighter band at midbody.
Discussion:-No Data

 

Conus  biliosus f. parvulus  Link, 1807

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Martini (1773: pl. 63 fig. 707)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Besch. Nat.-Samml. Univ. Rostock. 3e Abth., p. 106
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini (1773, pl. 63, fig. 707)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus biliosus Röding, 1798
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-biliosus parvulus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Australia
Habitat:-Intertidal and slightly subtidal
Description:-Source Living Conidae  C. biliosus
C. parvulus is shorter and wider, the spire whorls more coronate, the brown flecks sparse in axial forms, the base darker, spire unmarked except for small brown spots between coronations;
Discussion:-Similar to C.  biliosus which is larger, more elongate, base same color as shell, spire heavily/sparsely streaked dark brown, and usually flammules of dark brown.

 

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Conus  binghamae  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas,  p. 29,  pl. 5, figs. 1. & 2
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Dania, Broward Co., Florida; 61 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-binghamae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-East Florida
Habitat:-Found at depths around 60 m
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell small for genus, thin and delicate; spire low, with early whorls protracted; body whorl shiny, sculptured with fine spiral cords; spiral cords become stronger and larger around anterior one- third of body whorl; shoulder sharply- angled; aperture narrow; shell color pattern comprising darkly-colored anterior one-third and mid-body band of large, square-shaped flammules; unpatterned posterior one- half of body whorl with rows of tiny dots; color varying from red, orange, apricot-yellow, to pink and bluish-purple (holotype reddish-orange with darker red-orange mid-body band and anterior tip); spire whorls with numerous crescent shaped flammules; aperture of holotype dark orange red; protoconch and early whorls bright yellow on all specimens, regardless of body whorl colour.
Discussion:-Conus binghamae is closest to the sympatric C. patae Abbott, in both shape and size, but differs in being a smoother shell by lacking axial plications and heavy beading, and by having a different color pattern, consistently composed of a checkered mid- body band and darker anterior tip. The base color of C. binghamae is also more variable than that of C. patae, which is consistently in shades of pink or lavenders with dark orange scattered flammules. Conus patae also lacks rows of tiny dots seen on C. binghamae. While the two species occur together along eastern Florida. C. patae is more wide-ranging, being found in Jamaica, Honduras, and the Virgin Islands, while C. binghamae is known only from southeastern Florida.

 

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Conus  biraghii   Raybaudi,  G.  (Massilia),  1992

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Acta Conchyliorum,  Nr. 3, p. 31,  pl. 3,  f. 16-22
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ooja, 600 km North of Mogadishu, Somalia, W. Indian Ocean.
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 10 x 6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Lilliconus Species:-biraghii
Synonyms:- congruens Korn, W. & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993; omanensis Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1993
Geographic Range:-Somalia, from Mogadishu to Obya
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. b. biraghii is very small and light. Last whorl broadly and ventricosely conical to broadly conical, sometimes ventricosely conical to conical in form A; outline convex adapically, less so to straight below; left side usually slightly concave at base. Shoulder angulate to carinate, smooth to usually undulate due to axial costae on subshoulder area, consistently smooth in form B. Spire usually of moderate height, stepped; outline almost straight. Postnuclear spire whorls weakly tuberculate to undulate due to axial subshoulder costae (form A) or consistently smooth (form B). Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with obsolete spiral striae. Last whorl with spiral grooves on basal fourth and 1-2 weak spiral grooves just below shoulder.
In C. b. biraghii form A, ground colour white to grey. Last whorl with a broad dark grey to olive grey spiral band within adapical third and at base, edged with brown to blackish brown spots and interspersed with scattered to regularly arranged ground-colour spots. Ground-colour band below centre usually with an indistinct meshwork of white spots. Sparse spiral rows of brown dots between subshoulder area and base. Specimens of form B with lighter, bluish to brownish grey spiral colour bands, more prominently edged and overlain with dark brown spots; ground-colour band below shoulder narrower than in shells of form A, subcentral ground-colour band with a more indistinct pattern of white background spots. Spiral rows of brown dots and dashes often more prominent, sometimes extending to shoulder. Final part of larval shell white to pale beige, initial part eroded. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial markings crossing outer margins. Aperture showing exterior pattern.
Shell Morphometry
L 9-12 mm
RW 0.01-0.04 g/mm
RD 0.68-0.80
PMD 0.77-0.91
RSH 0.12-0.19
Discussion:- C. b. omanensis was provisionally described as a geographical subspecies. This status seems to be justified by intermediate specimens occasionally occurring within the population from Masirah Id. C. b. congruens is conchologically more similar to C. b. omanensis than to C. b. biraghi.

 

 

Conus  biraghii congruens  Korn, W. & G.  Raybaudi Massilia, 1993

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer

Published in: La Conchiglia xxv,  no. 268,  p. 33,  f. 1,  1a-1c,  3 & 6, pl. 1, f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Aden, off northern Somalia.
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 10.9 x 5.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus biraghii Raybaudi, G.(Massilia), 1992
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Lilliconus Species:-biraghii congruens subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Djibouti, Gulf of Aden
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. b. congruens with an often less ventricose last whorl. Shoulder often irregularly undulate due to weak axial subshoulder costae. Spire high, stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls, with widely spaced fine radial ridges; maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Postnuclear spire whorls usually smooth, sometimes irregularly undulate due to very weak axial subshoulder costae. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, often with 1 increasing to 2-3 weak or distinct spiral grooves in early whorls; spiral sculpture obsolete on late ramps. Last whorl with spiral ribs basally and 1-2 distinct spiral grooves just below shoulder; subshoulder grooves may be visible in stepped preceding spire whorls.
Discussion:-No Data

 

 

Conus  biraghii omanensis  Moolenbeek  & Coomans,  1993

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in Naturalis, Leiden   Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Apex 8,  p. 21,  f. 11-16 & 18
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Masirah Island, Oman
Type Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 7.7 x 3.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus biraghii Raybaudi, G.(Massilia), 1992
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Lilliconus Species:-biraghii omanensis subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Oman
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. b. omanensis with an often narrower, ventricosely conical last whorl. Shoulder angulate. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, with fine radial ridges on final part. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1 increasing to 3 distinct spiral grooves pronounced also in late whorls. Spiral subshoulder grooves consistently visible in stepped spire whorls. C. b. omanensis otherwise matching C. b. congruens in morphology. Some shells of C. b. omanensis closer to C. b. biraghii due to concave teleoconch sutural ramps and prominent axial subshoulder costae.
Conus biraghii omanensis Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1993 (Apex, March, 1993, p.21) - Length of holotype 7.7mm; shell biconic, slender, rather solid. Protoconch of 1.5 whorls, initially mostly white with brown sutures, then brown with minute axial folds. Body whorl smooth, with a groove just below the shoulder; white, with a grayish upper band ornamented with spiral white/brown lines; a second grayish band, equally ornamented, occurs near the base. Between the two bands there are spiral lines spotted with brown and white. It differs from the nominate species in having less pronounced coronations and in being more obconic. The spirals on the teleoconch are lacking on C. b. biraghii.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  bitleri  da Motta, 1984

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: La Conchiglia xvi, no. 178-9,  p. 24, f. 1a-b
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Baliungan Id., Tawi Tawi Group, Celebes.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41.2 x 24.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus cordigera Sowerby ii, 1866
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Eugeniconus Species:-cordigera bitleri forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Tawi Tawi, Palawan, Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal to 20 m; on sand or mud
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. cordigera

Last whorl conical to conoid-cylindrical, broader and conical to ventricosely conical in specimens described as C. bitleri; outline convex at adapical fourth, less so or straight below. Shoulder angulate. Spire low, outline concave.
Shell obconical to low conical, squat and and moderately heavy, having nine flat surfaced spire whorls, finely threaded, topped by a projecting apex, with closely coiled suture; shoulder subangulate, concave on top, with ovately convex sides. Body whorl is white, decorated with light coffee-brown reticulations of rhomboid and heart shapes linked closely together throughout its surface, with two narrow clusters of coffee brown patches forming an interrupted spiral band below the shoulder, and another, above the anterior end. Occasional over-sized and distorted white patches disarange the otherwise regular pattern of the reticulations. Spire is entirely white in the earlier whorls, but the last three are tessellated with brown-and-white. Body whorl is smooth-surfaced with a dull gloss, but the basal end is incised with about seventeen rows of transverse sulci. Aperture is white and is slightly arching and flaring towards the base.

Shell Morphometry
L 30-43 mm
RW 0.13-0.42 g/mm
form bitleri 0.22-0.32 g/mm; (L 30-36 mm)
RD 0.59-0.68
RSH 0.05-0.13
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  blanfordianus  Crosse, 1867

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: J. Conchyl. Xv, p. 66,  pl. ii,  f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38 x 18.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-blanfordianus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Found in 20-100 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Light-coloured form moderately small, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl conoid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical third, less so below; left side convex near base. Aperture wider below centre than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate to subangulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline deeply concave. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1-2 increasing to 4 wide spiral grooves. Last whorl with axially striate spiral grooves from base to centre; intervening ribbons grade to ribs near base. Shoulder angulate. Spire of moderate height; outline concave, with late spire whorls more raised than in light-coloured form. Larval shell of 2 or more whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps with 1 increasing to 6-8 spiral grooves; ribs between variably broad. Last whorl with spiral grooves to centre or shoulder; intervening ribbons grade to ribs below shoulder.
Ground colour white. In light-coloured shells, last whorl with about 15 spiral rows of brown spots that may fuse axially; markings somewhat concentrated below shoulder, and on each side of centre. Larval whorls and adjacent postnuclear sutural ramps white. Following ramps with brown radial markings. Aperture white. Additional fine brown dots and axial dashes on subcentral band and sometimes at shoulder. Larval whorls and adjacent postnuclear sutural ramps white to light brown. Radial markings on following ramps large and dark brown. Aperture white, becoming orange deep within in large specimens.
Discussion:-Filmer in Visaya 2011 defined a lectotype which clarified that the light brown shells are C. blanfordianus.

 

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Conus  blatteus  Shikama, 1979

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NSMT Mike Filmer

Published in: Sci. Rep Yokosuka City Mus., no. 26,  p. 1,  pl. 1,  f. 1-2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Taiwan
Type Data: Holotype in NSMT deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33.6 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus viola Cernohorsky, 1977
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Hermes Species:-viola blatteus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Taiwan to Philippines
Habitat:-In 20-240 m, associated with corals and in coral rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Form blatteus: Ground colour reddish purple. Last whorl with 3 spiral rows of brown blotches, below shoulder, at centre and within basal third. Dotted to dashed brown spiral lines from base to shoulder, often reduced. Larval shell pale yellow to beige. Postnuclear sutural ramps grading from grey to purple, maculated with reddish brown radial blotches. Aperture matching last whorl in colour.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to all images remains with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals. The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on home page.


Last update December 2021