Conus easoni Petuch & Berschauer, 2018
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN
Published in: Festivus
Vol. 50; p. 18-20; Fig. 1, 11 A-D
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Found under dead coral on a reef
platform in Taioha’e Bay, Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30 x 16.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-easoni
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:- At present, known only from the
Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Habitat:- At Taioha’e Bay on Nuku Hiva Island, Pionoconus easoni inhabits coral rubble
areas on carbonate platforms, in the intertidal zone and in shallow subtidal
depths (1 - 2 m)
Description:-
Shell small for genus, averaging around 30 mm,
cylindrical, stocky, with slightly convex sides, widest at area immediately
anterior of shoulder angle; shoulder sharply angled, bordered by large, broad,
rounded carina; spire low, broadly pyramidal, with spire whorls always being slightly
indented and subcanaliculate; body whorl smooth and shiny, ornamented with
12-14 small, low, evenly- spaced, thin spiral cords around anterior half; spire
whorls ornamented with 4 thin spiral cords; shell color dark khaki-brown,
overlaid with 18- 20 dark brown, widely spaced spiral lines; khaki-brown base color also overlaid with
scattered large light blue longitudinal patches and flammules, arranged in
zig-zag fashion or in widely-separated rectangular blotches; light blue zig-zag
flammules marked with rows of dark brown and white dots and dashes that correspond
to dark brown lines on khaki-brown areas; anterior tip of body whorl white;
spire whorls dark brown, marked with very numerous, evenly-spaced light blue
crescent-shaped flammules; edge of shoulder carina marked with conspicuous band
of alternating dark brown and light blue patches; aperture proportionally narrow,
widening slightly toward anterior end; interior of aperture white; early whorls
and protoconch colored pale tan- orange; protoconch exserted, mammilate,
composed of 2 whorls; periostracum thin, smooth, and translucent.
----------
Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in LSL Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Systema
Naturae 10th ed. 1, p. 715
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: India
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virroconus Species:-ebraeus
Synonyms:- quadratus Perry,
1811; judaeus Bergh, 1896
Geographic Range:-Entire Indo-Pacific except Red Sea; also W. coast of
Central America.
Habitat:-On intertidal benches and subtidal coral reef platforms, to
about 3 m; abundant in both types of habitat, with peak density of population
nearer to the shore or halfway across intertidal habitats. On patches of sand
bound by algal turf, in sand-filled depressions and crevices, on limestone
benches with algal turf, and among or beneath dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
broadly to broadly ventricosely conical, occasionally slightly pyriform;
outline variously convex adapically, straight or slightly concave toward base.
Shoulder angulate or subangulate, strongly to obsoletely tuberculate. Spire of
low to moderate height, outline straight to convex. Larval shell multispiral.
Postnuclear spire whorls strongly to weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat to concave, with 2 increasing to 4-5 often weak spiral grooves. Last
whorl with widely spaced, smooth or granulose ribs on basal half.
Ground colour white, sometimes suffused with pink, mainly in juvenile
specimens. Last whorl with 3-4 spiral rows of black blotches between base and
subshoulder area; blotches squarish to more or less axially elongate, sometimes
branching axially or spirally. Apex often pink. Later sutural ramps with rather
regularly set black radial blotches. Aperture white to bluish white, external
pattern often visible within.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-62 mm
RW 0.22-0.57 g/mm
(L 27-46 mm)
RD 0.69-0.78
PMD 0.78-0.95
RSH 0.06-0.20
Discussion:-C. ebraeus and C. chaldaeus are very closely related species. According to Bergh
(1895), C. ebraeus and C. judaeus do not differ in external and
internal morphology, except for the armature
of the radular teeth (C. judaeus:
tooth with an adapical barb opposing a sharp blade; serration present).
DNA studies appear to show C. ebraeus and
C. judaeus have same physical form of shell but
their DNA shows distinct separation.
----------
Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Tableau (1798, Pl. 324, fig. 1)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p.
640
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Indies
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau
(1798, Pl. 324 fig. 1)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-eburneus
Synonyms:- quadratulus Röding,
1798; alternatus Link, 1807; crassus Sowerby ii, 1858; turbinatus Sowerby ii, 1858; polyglotta Weinkauff, 1874
Geographic Range:-E. Africa except for Red Sea to Ryukyu Is., Polynesia,
and to Australia; absent from Hawaii.
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 65 m, mostly in 1-25 m. C. eburneus lives primarly in and on
sand bottoms of subtidal reef flats, in sand-filled channels, large patches of
sand and among weed on sandy or muddy substrate.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to heavy. Last whorl conical
to broadly or ventricosely conical, occasionally conoid-cylindrical; outline
convex to bulbous at subshoulder area and straight below; base truncate.
Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire low, outline concave to straight or
sigmoid. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter about 0.7 mm. Teleoconch
sutural ramps almost flat, with 2 narrow but deeply incised spiral grooves in
early whorls and 2-5 grooves in later whorls; intervening ribs and subsutural
ridge often pronounced, occasionally weak on last ramps. Last whorl with
distinct to weak spiral ribs and ribbons on basal fourth to half.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of variably spaced, reddish
brown to black squarish spots, rectangular bars or comma-shaped streaks. 3
yellow, orange or tan bands may underly spiral rows, below shoulder and on both
sides of centre. Typical form often with less densely spaced markings; occasionally,
colour bands obsolete or covering large parts of last whorl. In form
polyglotta, black bars or comma-like markings tend to fuse into solid narrow
spiral bands and wavy axial streaks. Form crassus
has red-brown markings and usually lacks spiral colour bands. Larval whorls
white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with reddish brown or blackish brown spots,
axial streaks or blotches; intensity of spire pattern matching that of last
whorl pattern. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-79 mm
RW 0.23-1.20 g/mm
RD 0.59-0.73
PMD 0.74-0.92
RSH 0.02-0.10
Discussion:-C. eburneus resembles C. litteratus and sometimes C. leopardus. C. litteratus differs in
its larger size, sharply angulate shoulder, bluish brown pointed base, and less
pronounced spiral sculpture of sutural ramps and last whorl; its last whorl is
less convex below the shoulder and tends to be narrower. C. leopardus attains much larger size, usually has a more angulate
shoulder and weak basal ribs (in contrast to more pronounced ribs and ribbons).
Both species differ from C. eburneus in
the colouration of the animal. RKK consider C.
crassus Sowerby to be a form or perhaps an ecotype of C.
eburneus, but this remains a matter of dispute without conclusive evidence.
Colour pattern intergrades are not known where both co-exist in the same
locality with overlapping depth ranges; the slight differences in shell
morphometry do not separate them. We consider C. eburneus var. polyglotta
a colour form, as described by Weinkauff (1874).
Conus eburneus f. crassus Sowerby ii, 1858
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Thes.
Conch. Iii, p. 25, pl. 12 (198), f.
254-5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Fiji. Lectotype (Walls) in BMNH
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44 x 28 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-eburneus
crassus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Fiji, New Britain
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 65 m, mostly in 1-25 m. C. eburneus lives primarly in and on
sand bottoms of subtidal reef flats, in sand-filled channels, large patches of
sand and among weed on sandy or muddy substrate.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. eburneus
C. e. crassus: Sides strongly convex
below shoulder then concave; producing pyriform outline; spire higher and
conical; spiral ridges developed; often has bright reddish brown or orange
spots; black spots also found; Fiji to New Britain; uncommon
Shell Morphometry
L 35-63 mm
RW 0.23-0.73 g/mm
RD crassus 0.63-0.72
PMD crassus 0.81-0.89
RSH 0.02-0.10
Discussion:-No Data
Conus
eburneus f. polyglotta Weinkauff,
1874
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Cited Figure Thes Conch., pl.
12, f. 248
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Jahrb.
Dtsch. Malak. Ges. I, p. 244
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not Known
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-eburneus polyglotta forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines; C. Pacific
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. eburneus
C. e. polyglotta: Spots tend to fuse
into long dashes or spiral bands in some or all rows; orange bands also fuse to
give dark appearance; mainly Philippines
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus echinophilus Petuch, 1975
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in CAS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Veliger
xviii, no. 2, p. 180, f. 1-3, 7
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Near N'Gor Village, Cape Verde, Senegal, West Africa
(14deg 43' N. 17deg 33' W)
Type Data: Holotype in CAS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 11 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-echinophilus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Senegal, W. Africa
Habitat:-Cracks in rocky substrate near sea urchins.
Description:-Source: Original Description
Shell small, compact consisting of 6 whorls. Spire elevated comprising one
third of total body length.Body whorl with 13-16 prominent raised spiral cords.
Some of these are marked with alternating black and white dashes. Spire with 3
deeply impressed spiral sulci. Color light blue with a variable number of long
dark brown or green flammules. Middle of body whorl encircled with white band.
Spire blue with some dark brown flammules.
Source Pin and Tack
Shell solid, biconical, of 6-7 whorls. Shoulder relatively large, well rounded.
Sides slightly convex, just a little bit narrowing at the base. Lip slightly
enveloping, rounded upwards, and oblique in respect to the shoulder. Spire of
medium height, regular. Suture quite deep. Aperture slightly flaring towards
the base. Starting from the base, 10 to 12 small spiral cords climb as far as
half or even two thirds of the last whorl. These cords are well rounded and, at
least the first ones, perfectly evident to the naked eye.
Last whorl dark or bright brown (Somone) in colour. Against this background, at
the inferior third of the world, a narrow white band is visible, and, around
this band, white axial spots that sometimes reach the shoulder. Almost the
entire surface of the last whorl is generally characterised by purple dashes
alternating with small white ones. The spire is usually faded, but in some rare
specimens the axial spots stay visible on almost all the whorls.
The interior of the aperture is purple, with two white bands: a larger one by
the inferior third, the other very high by the shoulder. The lip is bordered
inside by a narrow white band. In the specimens coming from Somone the interior
is bluish and the edge is purplish.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus echo Lauer, 1988
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in coll. C. Macca Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Rossiniana
xlv, p. 9, figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: North Somalia; See echo,
Macca
Type Data: Holotype in coll. C. Macca deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41.5 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-echo
Synonyms:- echo Macca, 1991
Geographic Range:-N & E Somalia
Habitat:-No data.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
ventricosely conical to conical in adult specimens, rather ovate in subadults;
outline convex adapically, straight (right side) to slightly concave (left
side) below. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate.
Spire low, outline concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell 1.1-1.2 mm.
Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 4 weak spiral grooves or obsolete
spiral sculpture in late whorls. Last whorl nearly smooth.
Colour orange to reddish or blackish brown. Last whorl pattern ranging from a
few scattered white tents to 2 spiral tentmark zones, below centre and at base,
and several axial groups of tents sometimes fusing into streaks. Darker spiral
lines sparsely articulated with small white tents may occur within the dark
zones. Basal part of columella white or orange-brown. Apex pink. Late sutural
ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-69 mm
RW 0.21-0.48 g/mm
RD 0.58-0.61
PMD 0.75-0.86
RSH 0.05-0.11
Medium sized and solid; ventricosely conical, ovate subadults; convex then
straight,left concave; aperture wider at base; shoulder angulate; spire low
concave; smooth whorl; orange to reddish brown with pattern ranging from few
scattered white tents to 2 spiral tent zones at centre and base with several
axial groups tending to fuse; Darker spiral lines articulated with small tents
may occur in dark zones; apex pink; spire as body; aperture white.
Discussion:-C. echo, previously considered a form or subspecies of C. pennaceus (Lauer, 1988), rather deserves recognition as a valid species (Macca, 1991). C. pennaceus differs in its distinctly narrower larval shell (0.7-0.8 mm) and its usually domed early postnuclear whorls.
Conus echo Macca, 1991
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Studio
Editoriale Programma, p. 1, f. 1-8
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East of Bosaso, region of Bari, Somalia
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 58 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: A homonym:- an invalid name, a homonym of C. echo Lauer, 1988
Taxonomy: An invalid synonym:- a synonym of C. echo Lauer, 1988
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name
----------
Conus edaphus Dall, 1910
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxviii, p. 223
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Clarion Is., Revillagigedo Is.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24.5 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus tessulatus
Born, 1778; raised to a valid species by Tucker, Tenorio & Chaney, 2011
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-tessulatus edaphus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Gulf of California to Panama
Habitat:-At depths of 5-30 m on coarse sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. tessulatus
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Last
whorl conical to broadly conical, sometimes ventricosely or broadly and
ventricosely conical; outline convex at subshoulder area, straight below.
Shoulder subangulate to angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline
concave. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter 0.7 mm. Teleoconch sutural
ramps with 1 increasing to 2-4 spiral grooves, often 2 major grooves and
additional spiral striae. Last whorl with variously spaced, weak or incised,
often punctate spiral grooves on abapical third.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of orange to reddish brown
rectangular spots or bars, often alternating with white markings. Dark markings
usually cluster or fuse into spiral bands on each side of centre. Base light
violet. Larval whorls grey to light orange. Teleoconch sutural ramps with
radial markings matching bars on last whorl in size and colour. Aperture white,
often suffused with violet or pink.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-82 mm
RW 0.13-0.83 g/mm
(L 30-67 mm)
RD 0.58-0.75
PMD 0.78-0.92
RSH 0.03-0.17
Discussion:- The Panamic shell C.
edaphus is considered a valid species in the Iconography. It differs from
the typical C. tessulatus by its
darker coloration of brick red to purple and its shape which is wider with a
lower spire.
----------
Conus ednae Petuch, 2013
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in FMNH D. Sargent
Published in: Biogeography
and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks; p. 218-219; p. 171, fig. 11.6, C
& D
Ocean geography: Western Pacific
Type Locality: off Farol de São Tome, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in FMNH. deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:- PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sandericonus Species:-ednae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Western Atlantic, Brazil
Habitat:-Trawled from 50 m depth
Description:-Source Original Description
Shiny, polished shell, slightly truncated in outline, with proportionally wide
shoulder; early whorls of spire excerted and scalariform, with later whorls
becoming distinctly flattened; shoulder sharply angled, edged with large
rounded carina, producing distinctly canaliculated spire whorls; spire whorls
ornamented with 3 thin spiral threads; anterior third of body whorl ornamented
with numerous very low, faint spiral cords; shell color pale pinkish-white with
3 wide bands of pale orange amorphous flammules, one around edge of shoulder,
one around midbody, and one around anterior third; 4 widely separated rows of
pale orange-tan dots present on body whorl, with one row along anterior side of
orange shoulder band, 2 rows on either side of midbody band, and one row along
posterior side of anterior band; spire pinkish-white, with numerous evenly
spaced orange crescent-shaped flammules; aperture uniformly narrow; interior of
aperture white; protoconch proportionally large, rounded, composed of 2 whorls,
tan in color.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus edpetuchi Monnier, Limpalaër, Roux & Berschauer, 2015
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MNHN Eric Monnier
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: The
Festivus, Vol. 47, p. 51 -59, fig. 2 & 3
Ocean geography: Brazil
Type Locality: Off Cabo de Santa Marta Grande, Santa Catarina State,
Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 60. 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILTHIDAE SubFamily:- CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-edpetuchi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brazil
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original Description
The new species is moderately large and the spire varies between 24 and 35% of
the total length of the shell. The shape is very narrowly conical fusiform /
aculeiform with a very high slightly concave turriculate spire, narrow
shoulders, spiral ribs. The teleoconch whorls are piled and detached with about
5 to 6 spiral grooves on the sutural ramps. At two thirds (from top to base of
the shell) of each teleoconch whorl a prominent subsutural ridge is undulated
with around 25 to 30 small irregular beadlike nodules. The adult shells have
about 13 to 15 whorls.The anal notch is deep and U-shaped and the origin of the
lip has a receding profile.
The last whorl has sigmoid sides, convex between the slightly sucarinated shoulder margin and the mid last whorl then concave between the mid last whorl and the base. The surface of the entire is covered by numerous very tight spiral ribs (about 60) separated by deep axially very finely axially striated grooves. The aperture is very long, almost straight to slightly sinusoidal and does not widen anteriorly
The siphonal lip
outline is straight. The ground color of the shell is white. The pattern of the
last whorl is made of spiral bands of irregular interrupted spiral brown
blotches ( giving the appearance axial flammules). The width of these bands is
higly variable and vary from 1 mm to more than 1 cm. The spire is white with
the same color blotches rather regularly scattered.
Discussion:- On the market as Conus
mcgintyi which is apparently a different species.
----------
Conus eduardi Delsaerdt, 1997
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in coll. Dr P. G. Stimpson Bill Fenzan
Published in: Gloria
Maris xxxv, no. 4-5 , p. 57, f. 1, pl.,
f. 2 & 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Red Sea, S. of Quseir, Egypt
Type Data: Holotype in coll. Dr P. G. Stimpson. deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 109.6 x 41.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species or a subspecies of Conus milneedwardsi
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-eduardi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Red Sea
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original Description
The holotype is a solid shell with elevated stepped spire; number of whorls is
12; last whorl slightly convex, moderately glossy and smooth. A pattern of
white tent marks arranged in four bands ; on shoulder, base and two bands in
middle. Three orange brown spiral bands, interrupted by axially arranged white
tent marks. Aperture white.
Discussion:-Similar to forms of C.
milneedwardsi and C. bengalensis
Distinguishing features of the species are the broad angle of the spire; a
slightly concave sutural ramp with only radial threads; a smooth last whorl and
its pattern.
----------
Conus edwardpauli Petuch, 1998
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in FMNH C. Meyer
Published in: La
Conchiglia xxx, no. 287, p. 32, figs. 13 & 14
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Moro Tupo Is., San Blas Is., Panama; 3-5 m
Type Data: Holotype in FMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 12 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus kulkulcan Petuch, 1980
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-kulkulcan edwardpauli forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Panama (E)
Habitat:-In sand under coral rubble, 3-5m depth on coral reefs
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for subgenus, squat, stout, shiny, with higher protracted spire,
stepped; shoulder sharply angled, carinated; shoulder carina undulating,
obsoletely coronated, ornamented with 12-15 low, oblong knobs per whorl;
anterior end encircled with 6-8 large cords; spire whorls ornamented with 5-6
very fine spiral threads; shell color, bright pinkish-salmon with narrow, pale
whitish-pink band around mid-body; occasional specimens (such as paratype) deep
purple-blue in color, but having the same color pattern as normal salmon-pink
individuals; row of evenly spaced, large tan patches present on mid-body, often
coincident with pale mid-body band; protoconch and early whorls darker salmon
color (also on blue individuals); edge of shoulder carina marked with widely
spaced tan flammules; low shoulder knobs white; interior of aperture deep rose
color.
Discussion:-With its sharp, carinated shoulder and stocky appearance, C. edwardpauli is most similar to C. colombianus Petuch, 1987 from the
Islas del Rosario and Golfo de Morrosquillo area of Colombia. The new species
differs in being a narrower shell that is less broad across the shoulder, in
having a higher, more protracted spire, and in lacking a color pattern of
longitudinal brown flammules on the anterior third of the shell.
----------
Conus eldredi Morrison, 1955
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: J.
Wash. Acad. Sci. xlv, no. 1, p. 32
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Annaa, Tuamoto
Type Data: Holotype
in NHMUK deposited and catalogued (C. mappa)
Type Size: 53.5 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. mappa Crosse, 1858
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Gastridium Species:-eldredi
Synonyms:- mappa Crosse,
1858
Geographic Range:-Central Pacific, from Guam to Wake Id. and Marshall
Is. and to Cook Is. and Tuamotu Archipelago; probably also in Solomon Is.
Habitat:-Shallow water.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Description: Moderately large, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl
ovate, narrowly ovate, cylindrical or narrowly cylindrical; outline varies from
moderately convex to almost straight and parallel-sided centrally; left side
concave at basal third. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder
angulate to subangulate, tuberculate. Spire low, outline straight to slightly
convex. Postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, concave
in late whorls; late ramps with 4 increasing to 10-12 fine spiral grooves. Last
whorl with widely spaced weak spiral ribs at base and shoulder and with widely
spaced, irregularly punctate shallow grooves centrally.
Ground colour white, suffused with pink and violet. Last whorl with a fine but
usually incomplete network of light brown to dark reddish brown lines and often
triangular spots; interrupted brown spiral lines and streaks may be present;
reticulate pattern usually fusing in a discontinuous spiral band at centre and
within basal third. Apex white. Late postnuclear sutural ramps with sparse
brown radial lines and streaks on a pink ground; marginal tubercles
usually white. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 57-65 mm
RW 0.09-0.17 g/mm
RD 0.47-0.52
PMD 0.49-0.70
RSH 0.10-0.12
Discussion:-C. eldredi is very
closely related to C. geographus. The
latter species attains much larger size and rarely has a pink ground colour; it
differs in a lower spire (RSH 0.04-0.10) with a slightly concave outline, in
stronger tubercles on the late sutural ramps, and in a smoother surface of the
last whorl. The position of maximum diameter is generally closer to the shoulder
in C. geographus (0.62-0.76) than in C. eldredi. Although further study of
sympatric occurences is necessary, we consider that these differences justify
separation at species level.
C. fragillissimus Petuch 1979
Ethiopia Red Sea More pointed apex less coronations; yellower brown; yellowish
aperture; Abbot & Dance page 247
C. eldredi pinkish often called rosea;
smaller weaker tubercules and rougher texture from weak ribs at base and
shoulder and punctate grooves centrally.
----------
Conus elegans Sowerby iii, 1895
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc.
Mal. Soc. Lond. I, p. 215, pl. 13, f. 8
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Persian Gulf
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species:-elegans
Synonyms:- torensis
Sturany, 1904; ramalhoi Coomans.
Moolenbeek & Wils, 1986
Geographic Range:-Gulf of Suez, Somalia, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman to
the Makran coast of Pakistan; W. Australia (C.
e. elegans)
Habitat:-Upper subtidal to about 60 m.
C. e. elegans in 8-49 m in the Persian Gulf and in 9- 11 m along the Makran
coast.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium sized, light to moderately solid. Last whorl
narrowly conoid-cylindrical, to narrowly conical in subadults; outline slightly
convex adapically, straight (right side) or slightly concave (left side) below.
Shoulder angulate to carinate. Spire of moderate height to high, outline
straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 1.75-2.25 whorls, maximum
diameter about 0.8 mm. First 5-7 postnuclear whorls tuberculate; suture deep
and wide in first 2 whorls. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with 2-3
increasing to 3-5 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture weak on latest ramps. Last
whorl with punctate spiral grooves and flat ribbons between, mostly restricted
to basal half, occasionally extending to shoulder. Surface sculpture weaker in C. e. ramalhoi.
Ground colour white to beige in C. e.
elegans, light violet in C. e.
ramalhoi. In C. e. elegans, last
whorl encircled with rows of orange to brown dots, irregular blotches and axial
streaks, often forming interrupted spiral bands below shoulder and on both
sides of centre. In C. e. ramalhoi, last
whorl sometimes with a few brown blotches near centre and up to 16 evenly
spaced spiral rows of variably numerous and arranged reddish brown dots, from
base to shoulder. Larval shell white or light brown. In C. e. elegans, late sutural ramps usually with irregular brown
blotches; sometimes brown subsutural dots present (Somalia). In C. e. ramalhoi, postnuclear sutural
ramps with scattered light brown blotches; late ramps often with regularly
spaced brown dots at both margins, regularly set below suture. Aperture white
or light brown (Somalia) in C. e. elegans
and orange to violet-brown in C. e.
ramalhoi.
Shell Morphometry
L 24-40 mm
RW 0.02-0.11 g/mm
RD 0.41-0.47
PMD 0.77-0.85
(- 0.93 in subadults)
RSH 0.18-0.28
C. e. ramalhoi Mozambique, Natal; surface
sculpture weak; light violet base; usually with few brown blotches near centre
and about 16 evenly spaced spiral rows of variably numerous reddish brown dots;
aperture orange to violet brown;
Discussion:-C. aculeiformis
differs from C. elegans in its lower
spire (RSH 0.17-0.22), non-tuberculate postnuclear whorls, and its more conical
last whorl (PMD 0.86- 0.95); its larval shell is broader (0.9-1 mm) and has
more whorls (3-3.25). C. longurionis
has also a broader larval shell (0.9-1 mm) of generally more whorls (2.25-3)
and a more conical last whorl (PMD 0.83-0.90); its postnuclear sutural ramps
are separated by deeper and wider sutures and have only 1 central spiral groove
in first 3-5 or more whorls; the surface sculpture of its last whorl is more
prominent. C. hopwoodi has a narrower
last whorl (RD 0.37-0.43), often lower spire (RSH 0.18-0.24), and a broader
larval shell (1 mm) with more whorls (3); its first 3 postnuclear sutural ramps
bear 1 strong spiral groove rather than 2-3 fine grooves. C. milesi has a higher spire (RSH 0.29-0.38), a broader and more
conical last whorl (RD 0.49-0.59; PMD 0.88-0.95), and its shoulder is
tuberculate.
Conus elegans ramalhoi Coomans,
Moolenbeek & Wils, 1986
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in NMSA Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Basteria
50, p. 103, fig. 705
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Angoche, Mozambique; on muddy sand.
Type Data: Holotype in NMSA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31.7 x 10.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
elegans Sowerby iii, 1895
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species:-elegans ramalhoi subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Natal to Mozambique.
Habitat:-C. e. ramalhoi in
shallow water, on sheltered muddy sand flats.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. elegans
Surface sculpture weaker in C. e.
ramalhoi.
Ground colour light violet in C. e.
ramalhoi. In C. e. ramalhoi, last whorl sometimes with a few brown blotches near
centre and up to 16 evenly spaced spiral rows of variably numerous and arranged
reddish brown dots, from base to shoulder. Larval shell white or light brown.
In C. e. ramalhoi, postnuclear
sutural ramps with scattered light brown blotches; late ramps often with
regularly spaced brown dots at both margins, regularly set below suture.
Aperture orange to violet-brown in C. e.
ramalhoi.
Shell Morphometry
L 24-40 mm
RW 0.02-0.11 g/mm
RD 0.41-0.47
PMD 0.77-0.85
(- 0.93 in subadults)
RSH 0.18-0.28
C. e. ramalhoi: Mozambique, Natal;
surface sculpture weak; light violet base; usually with few brown blotches near
centre and about 16 evenly spaced spiral rows of variably numerous reddish
brown dots; aperture orange to violet brown
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus eleutheraensis Petuch, 2013
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype FMNH D.
Sargent
Published in: Biogeography
and Biodiversity of Western Mollusks; p. 216-217; p. 85, fig. 6.8, G
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: Between northern and southern part of Eleuthera Island,
Bahamas
Type Data: Holotype in FMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: A valid species
Taxonomy: There are no junior synonyms
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Magelliconus Species:-eleutheraensis
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-Found among coral and shell rubble on the beach at the base of
the eroded cut (the “Windows”)
Description:-elongated,
straight-sided; spire low, subpyramidal; shoulder proportionally broad, heavily
ornamented with 11-12 large rounde, prominent knobs; body whorl shiny and
polished, ornamented with 8-10 large, widely spaced, heavy beaded spiral cords;
shell colored bright orange-red or red (in fresh live specimens), with
scattered large white flammules and blotches; most shoulder knobs white,
separated by red areas; spire white, with scattered amorphous large red and
orange flammules; protoconch and early whorls bright red; aperture very narrow,
with violet interior; anterior tip pale purple, encircled with 8 very fine
spiral threads.
Discussion
----------
Conus elisae Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype
Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Coq. Viv. 2, pl. 64, figs 1 & 1a, (1849, Cog. Viv. 2, p. 341, no. 305)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality:
Not known, designated (Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils) Zanzibar, (Tanzania)
Type Data: Type
series was in collection A. Boivin, present whereabouts unknown
Type Size: 52 x
? mm
Nomenclature:
An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym
of Conus pennaceus
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE
SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus
Species:-pennaceus f. elisae
Synonyms:-
There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-East Africa Zanzibar: Mozambique
Habitat:-
Description: The lectotype of C. elisae is matched
by specimens from N. Mozambique. Shells corresponding with the lectotype of C.
elisae in the fine dark axially lineate pattern occur in colonies that also
include shells with a partially reticulate and partially lineate pattern.
----------
Conus elokismenos Kilburn, 1975
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype. C. aratus
Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Nautilus.
Lxxxix, no. 2, p. 50
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Tongaat-Umhlanga Rocks, Natal (C. aratus Kilburn,1973)
Type Data: Holotype in NMSA deposited and catalogued (C. aratus)
Type Size: 60 x 21.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. aratus Kilburn, 1973
Taxonomy: Described as a subspecies of Conus orbignyi Audouin, 18311973; raised to the status of a valid
species by Puillandre et al., 2011
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Bathyconus Species:- elokismenos
Synonyms:- aratus Kilburn, 1973
Geographic Range:-Natal to Madagascar and Reunion, Solomons and Vanuatu
Habitat:-Found at 270-310 m in mud
Description:- It differs from the C.
orbignyi in having a more ventricose last whorl, with a less sculptured
surface especially in the adapical fourth. The spiral ribbons are wider than in
C. orbignyi, bearing spiral striae
rather than grooves. The spiral sculpture of C. elokismenos is also weaker on late ramps than in C. orbignyi. There are also some
distinctive features in the pattern of C.
orbignyi elokismenos, such as the
frequent presence of axial streaks in the adapical region.
Discussion:
Source: Genetic divergence and geographic variation
in the deepwater Conus orbignyi complex (Mollusca: Conoidea)
There
are three morphological and geographical distinct populations. The specimens
from Vanuatu are morphological distinct from the Solomon Islands and Madagascar
specimens, being less nodulose, and with a more restrained pattern of brown
markings in the body whorl, without the distinctive bold dashes on the ribbons
characteristic of both the Solomon Islands and Madagascar specimens. We could
deal with three distinct subspecies but the authors tentatively, we designate
the diverse morphological forms as the C. elokismenos complex.
----------
Conus emaciatus Reeve, 1849
Pictures:.
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, Suppl. pl. v, sp. 248
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippine Is.
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37.9 x 20.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virgiconus Species:-emaciatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Red Sea and Central Indian Ocean to Polynesia
Habitat:-On intertidal benches and shallow subtidal reef flats;
inhabiting sand bottoms, bare limestone or beachrock, and dead coral heads and
rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
conical; outline convex at adapical third, slightly concave at centre and
straight below. Shoulder angulate to subangulate. Spire usually low, outline
concave to convex. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly convex; later
ramps with 3 increasing to 5 weak major spiral grooves, more often turning into
numerous striae on latest ramps. Last whorl with rather regularly spaced, often
finely granulose spiral ribs with closely set spiral striae betweenfrom base to
adapical third.
Colour yellowish grey to orange and yellow. Last whorl often slightly paler
near centre and at shoulder. Base and larval whorls purplish blue. Aperture
white except for the basal area, occasionally tinged with violet deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-69 mm
RW 0.17-0.61 g/mm
RD 0.56-0.62
PMD 0.89-0.94
RSH 0.03-0.14
Discussion:-C. emaciatus is
similar to C. virgo, which differs in
its larger size (L 55-150 mm) and its more straight-sided last whorl with a
weaker spiral sculpture.
----------
Conus emarginatus Reeve, 1844
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Representation of Lectotype Gray, 1839 pl. 36, f. 22
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, pl. 43, sp. 232
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Matzalan, Mexico; Pacific Ocean (C. arcuatus Gray, 1839).
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Gray 1839,
pl. 36, f. 22
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. arcuatus Gray, 1839
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Kohniconus Species:-emarginatus
Synonyms:- cinctus Valenciennes,
1832; arcuatus Gray, 1839
Geographic Range:-Baja California to Peru
Habitat:-Found intertidally at depths of 20-150 m
Description:-Source Walls as C.
recurvus
Light in weight, with a high gloss; low biconical, the upper sides convex then
tapering to narrow base; body whorl with narrow basal spiral ridges separated
by narrow grooves with axial threads; shoulder broad carinate, concave above;
spire moderately high, sharply pointed, concave sides; whorls slightly stepped
concave above; first 6 whorls with distinct nodules; body whorl white covered
with numerous wavy deep reddish brown axial flammules which may be continuous
from shoulder to base or broken into three bands; sometimes flammules are fused
and connected giving reticulate effect; base white; spire and shoulder white
with axial curved reddish brown lines continuing flammules; early whorls pale
tan; aperture moderately wide, uniform; outer lip thin, strongly sloping below
shoulder, straight; mouth white. columella not visible;
Discussion:-For many years, dealers and authors used name C. recurvus for this shell.
----------
Conus emersoni Hanna, 1963
Pictures:.
Picture Link:
Holotype in AMNH Mike Filmer
Published in: Occ.
Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. no. 35, p.
25, pl. 1, f. 2
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: San Lucas, Baja California; 300 fathoms. Not clear
whether fossil or recent.
Type Data: Holotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43 x 18.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-emersoni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Baja Sur and Galapagos
Habitat:-Found at depths below 300 m
Description:-Source Extract Iconography
The shoulders are angular and carinate. Color pattern is rather simple. It
consists of three or four zones of tan or reddish brown color blotches. These
color markings are longitudinal to square brown blotches or bars. The interior
of the aperture is white. The spire is only lightly marked by scattered brown
markings. It may also be white with no brown coloration.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus empressae Lorenz, 2002
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in WAMP Original Description
Published in: Schrift.
zur Malakoz. 18, p. 15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Sea of Flores, Indonesia
Type Data: Holotype in WAMP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-empressae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Australia, Philippines
Habitat:-Found at depths of 25-40 m in ledges in coral walls
Description:-Source Original description
Rather small. solid and heavy. Last whorl straight and conical; smooth except
for three to five widely spaced, indistinct spiral ribs in the anterior
columellar part. Spire slightly projecting. with a sigmoid outline. Protoconch
pointed, with two smooth larval whorls and the first three whorls of the
teleoconch showing weak tubercles. The spiral suture is rather deep and narrow.
The post-nuclear sutural ramp shows four shallow spiral grooves but no
subsutural ridge. The aperture is narrow and straight. The shell's ground
colour is white (all shells had a quickly fading hue of pink when they were
collected). The protoconch and the first four post-nuclear whorls are white;
the later whorls are rich purple to brown, without conspicuous streaks or
blotches. The last whorl is tinted with pink to brown with a paler greyish pink
zone mid-dorsally and anteriorly. The entire last whorl is covered with fine, evenly
spaced brown transverse lines. Within the darker tinted areas of the shell, these
lines are uninterrupted, whereas in the paler colored zones (in the mid-dorsal
area and anteriorly) they are interrupted by short gaps, but there are no
intermitted white dashes; the gaps are of the same greyish- pink colour as the
background. The anterior basal part of the columella is white.
Discussion:-Conus empressae is
most similar to certain color varieties of Conus
boeticus.
----------
Conus encaustus Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype
in collection Prevost Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv., pl. 14, f. 2
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Spec.
Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 54, pl.
14, f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Marquesas (C, M, &W)
Type Data: Syntype was in collection Prevost and currently assumed to be
lost
Type Size: 26 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Miliariconus Species:-encaustus
Synonyms:- praetextus
Reeve, 1848
Geographic Range:-Marquesas
Habitat:-In 0.5-6 m; on reefs, sand, boulders and beneath rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small, usually moderately solid. Last whorl generally conical to
broadly conical, straight to slightly convex in outline. Shoulder angulate,
prominently tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, somewhat convex to
concave in outline. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural
ramps nearly flat, with 2 increasing to 4-5 spiral grooves. Basal half of last
whorl with spaced spiral ribs and adjacent punctuate grooves, occasionally
extending to shoulder.
Ground colour bluish white. Last whorl with 2 interrupted to solid, olive brown
or reddish brown spiral bands, leaving ground- colour bands at shoulder edge
and well above as well as just below centre. Shoulder band usually narrow and
suffused with pale red. Numerous closely spaced spiral rows of alternating
white and brown dashes or dots from base to subshoulder area or shoulder.
Teleoconch sutural ramps with fine brown axial lines and with dark brown dashes
along the outer edge between tubercles. Aperture violet-brown, with pale bands
centrally and below shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-35 mm
RW 0.15-0.37 g/mm
RD 0.68-0.74
PMD 0.83-0.94
RSH 0.07-0.16
Discussion:-C. encaustus is
closely allied to the allopatric species C.
abbreviatus and C. miliaris. C. abbreviatus may attain larger size
(up to 58 mm) and tends to have a higher spire and a broader last whorl; it is
more convex in outline and lacks the pronounced, olive or brownish spiral
banding, the intermittent white dashes or dots within the lines around last
whorl and the brown lining at the shoulder edges of C. encaustus. C. miliaris tends to have a broader, often
ventricosely conical last whorl, lacks the pronounced brown lining of the
shoulder edges, and has the white and brown elements less regularly arranged
within the spiral rows. The colour of typical C. miliaris lacks grey, bluish and olive tones.
----------
Conus episcopatus da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1, p. 1, f.
1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mahe Is., Seychelles.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 82 x 36.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-episcopatus
Synonyms:- pupillaris Da Motta,
1982; ngocngai Thach, 2017
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific excl. Hawaii
Habitat:-In shallow water to 40 m; on the lagoon and ocean sides of
coral reefs, in sand and coral rubble, often beneath coral rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl usually narrowly
conoid-cylindrical to conoid-cylindrical, sometimes narrowly cylindrical;
outline variably convex at adapical third, nearly straight below; left side
sometimes slightly concave at base. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near
shoulder. Shoulder angulate to almost indistinct. Spire of low to moderate
height; outline slightly concave to slightly convex, with domed early
postnuclear whorls. Larval shell multispiral and projecting, maximum diameter
0.7-0.8 mm. About first 4 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch
sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 2-4 fine spiral grooves in first
3-4 whorls, turning into numerous obsolete spiral striae in following whorls.
Last whorl with rather closely spaced, fine spiral ribs basally and fine to
obsolete spiral threads above.
Ground colour white, often suffused with pink in shells from R�union and W.
Thailand. Last whorl overlaid with light do dark brown leaving numerous
medium-sized to large, separate or overlapping tentlike ground-colour markings;
tents concentrated in 3-4 axial bands from base to shoulder and in 3 spiral
bands, below shoulder, below centre, and near base. Brown colour zones
intersperced with spiral rows of alternating dark brown dashes and very small
white markings. Small subadult specimens usually with alternating brown and
white axial bands, the latter sparsely crossed by brown reticulated lines.
Larval whorls and 1-2 adjacent postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate pinkish
violet. Following ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white
to bluish white, sometimes cream to yellow.
Shell Morphometry
L 55-114 mm
RW 0.30-1.05 g/mm
(L 55-95 mm)
RD 0.42-0.58
PMD 0.71-0.84
RSH 0.09-0.15
Discussion:-C. episcopatus is
so similar to C. magnificus in shell
characters and body colouration that they cannot always be unequivocally
distinguished and are often considered conspecific. The latter species differs
in having a finer reticulate pattern on the last whorl with a larger proportion
of small ground-colour tents and in a usually higher spire (RSH 0.13-0.19). In
the Pacific, where both species occur sympatrically, C. episcopatus lacks pink shades in the ground colour and the
surface of its shell has a lower gloss. We therefore provisionally favour the
status of separate species. C. aulicus
can be distinguished by its acute and pure white apex and by its cylindrical or
ovate last whorl (PMD 0.63- 0.75). For a long time, C. episcopatus was referred to as C. episcopus Hwass, actually a synonym of C. pennaceus (Kohn, 1964). The name C. episcopus var. oblongus
(based on a subadult specimen) was pre-occupied, and C. episcopus var. elongata is a nomen nudum (Coomens et al., 1986).
Therefore C. episcopatus is the first
available name for this species
----------
Conus episcopus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published
in: Enc. Méth. 1: p.
142, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 345, fig. 2)
Ocean
geography:
Indo-Pacific
Type
Locality: East
Indies, restricted (C, M & W) to Mauritius
Type
Data: Lectotype
in MNHG
Type
Size: 58 x 33
mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus
pennaceus
Current
Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus
f. episcopus
Synonyms:- There are no junior
synonyms
Geographic
Range:-Mauritius
Habitat:- occurs in less than 10 m.
Description: C.
episcopus is characterized by a
comparatively light shell with a ventricosely conical to ovate last whorl. The
colour is brown to blackish brown, and the very small to moderately large white
tents may be regularly arranged on the last whorl or have larger tents
concentrated below shoulder, at centre and at base.
----------
Conus epistomioides Weinkauff, 1875
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in LMD Mike Filmer
Published in: Syst.
Conch. Cab. 2 Lief. 233, p. 315, pl. 57, f. 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Africa(dubious)
Type Data: Lectotype in LMD deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 32 x 15.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus epistomioides forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae C.magus
The type is a subadult specimen of C.
magus; white with tan/yellow blotches and some white dots in blotches.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus epistomium Reeve, 1844
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Conch.
Icon. i. Conus pl. 42, sp. 227
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mauritius (erroneus)
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 48.2 x 21.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magus
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus epistomium forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mauritius
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. magus
-C. epistomium : Last whorl narrowly
conoid-cylindrical; Ground colour white. Pattern consists of yellow to light
brown spiral bands, brown axial streaks of varying prominence, and dotted
yellow to brown spiral lines either on entire last whorl or restricted to
colour bands. Pattern, similar to that of C.
raphanus.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus equestris Röding, 1798
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in
ZMUC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Museum
Boltenianum 2: I-VIII, p. 38.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype in ZMUC deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 47 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
bandanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-bandanus equestris forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Moluccas, Indonesia
Habitat:-Shallow subtidal to 90 m ; mostly encountered in 5-20 m. On
coral reef, in reef lagoons; in sand, on weedy sand, rocks, and rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. bandanus
In form equestris, colour bands with
larger blackish brown blotches, interspersed with white tents of various sizes.
Discussion:-No Data
-----------
Conus equiminaensis
Schönherr, 2018
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNCN C. Schönherr
Published in: Conchylia,
Heft 49 (3-4); p. 16-18, Fig. 4, Pl. 1 row 2
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Equimina Bay, Benguela Province, Angola
Type Size: 31,5 x 17.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-equiminaensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Equimina Bay,
Benguela, Angola
Habitat:-At 2-4 m depth between and under rocks or buried in fissures of
the rocks
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell of medium size, usually 25-35 mm. The shell is conical to ventricosely
conical. The outline is convex at the shoulder, with straight sides; the left
side is concave near the base. The aperture is wider at the base than near the
shoulder. The shoulder is rounded, the whorl’s tops smooth, rounded and
slightly stepped; the spire is low. No cords are visible in the basal area.
The ground colour
is light greenish-grey often with weak orange tones. The ground colour is not
uniform, broken by two lighter spiral bands below center and near the shoulder.
Closely spaced brown dots form 25030 variably spaced spiral bands. The spire is
a lighter shade of the ground colour with axial brown flammulus which run over
the shoulder. The aperture is dark purple with two white bands. The edge of the
lip matches the ground colour. The operculum is small and elongated. The
periostracum is smooth and translucent.
-----------
Conus ericmonnieri Petuch & Myers, 2014
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MZSP Petuch
& Myers
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Xenophora
Taxonomy 3, p. 33 with pic., Figure 2 G, H & I
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: off Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 48 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-ericmonnieri
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Restricted to the coasts of Espirito Santo and Rio de
Janeiro States, Brazil Brazil
Habitat:-From 60 m depth
Description:-
Shell very large for genus (averaging 45 mm), slender and elongated, tapering
toward anterior end, with slightly concave sides; shoulder sharply angled,
bordered with large, posteriorly-pointing, rounded carina; spire proportionally
low, broadly pyramidal, with distinctly stepped whorls; spire whorls slightly
canaliculate; body whorl smooth, shiny, and polished, with 10 deeply-incised
sulci around anterior tip; spire whorls smooth, ornamented with very faint,
closely-packed crescent-shaped growth lines; body whorl color bright pinkish-salmon,
overlaid with 2 wide bands of large rectangular or amorphous dark orange-tan
patches, one around posterior half and one around anterior end; pinkish-salmon
base color and orange-tan patches, in turn, overlaid with 24-26 rows of
evenly-spaced elongated orange-brown and white dots and dashes; shoulder carina
marked with widely-spaced large orange-brown spots, usually 10-12 per whorl;
spire whorls white or pinkish white, with widely scattered, thin orange-brown
flammules; some spire flammules connect with dark spots on carina; aperture
narrow, widening slightly toward anterior end; interior of aperture bright
pink; protoconch and early whorls orange; protoconch protracted, composed of 2
whorls; periostracum thin, smooth, and translucent yellow.
Discussion:- Until recently, this large and conspicuous cone was
referred to, primarily by shell dealers, as “Conus mindanus agassizii Dall, 1889”. That species, although
congeneric, is a smaller and much more slender and elongated shell with a
higher spire.
----------
Conus ermineus Born, 1778
Pictures:.
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMW Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Ind.
Rer. Nat. Mus. Caes. Vind., p. 141
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: not mentioned in 1778, (1780 copied from Martini 1773,
'in Indis')
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMW deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Chelyconus Species:-ermineus
Synonyms:- eques
Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; portoricanus
Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; testudinarius
Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; barathrum Röding,
1798; crucifer Röding, 1798; cutisanguina Röding, 1798; coerulescens Schroter, 1803; narcissus Lamarck, 1810; coerulescens Dillwyn, 1817; aspersus Sowerby ii, 1833; caerulans Kuster, 1837; inquinatus Reeve, 1849; perryae Clench, 1942; piraticus Clench, 1942
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde Is; NW Africa; E. Mexico - Surinam; St.
Vincent; till Camocim, Ceará, Brazil (Pers. Comm. Damaso Monteiro)
Habitat:-Offshore in depths to 100 m
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy with a low gloss; low conical, the sides convex posteriorly; basally
low spiral ridges; shoulder roundly angled, variable width, usually distinct
from spire; spire low moderate sometimes domed, sharply pointed; early whorls
carinate, eroded; body whorl pale bluish white to light blue; dark brown dashes
in spiral rows usually visible in pale portion; usually with three broad bands
of chocolate blotches, these fused spirally and axially but leaving midbody
pale and poorly marked; blotches marked with large white markings sometimes
fusing to axial white blotches; blotching sometimes reduced or absent; paler
pattern shells appear pinkish/violet; base white; spire white with brown spots;
apex often pink; aperture wide, uniform; outer lip sharp, sometimes thick
convex; mouth bluish white to pale violet, sometimes pinkish; columella long,
narrow, offset by slight ridge;
Hugely variable shell with variant patterns:
1) Common African, some USA. Heavy brown blotches above midbody largely fused
to produce largely brown shell above midbody band infiltrated by axial
flammules; brownish areas with white tents and marks fusing into blotches; scattered
short spiral lines/dashes; spire heavily marked with axial brown blotches; This
is the typical form.
2) As pattern 1 but clearer blue blotches developed and reducing brown to
spiral bands at shoulder, midbody -scalloped; and wide one below midbody; mouth
with broad violet bands; form coerulescens
3) Distinctly whitish shells with wide shoulders the blotches very small and
often only distinct above midbody; the two bands being jagged brown spots; usually
rows of spiral brown dashes lines well developed especially basally; Mainly American;
This form is named fm aspersus
4) Rounded shell moderately high spire bluish white with pinkish tones the
blotches visible as tan areas above midbody and at shoulder; dashes almost
absent; Southern Antilles; form testudinarius
The Western Atlantic shells may turn out to be a separate species
5) Wide shoulder form mainly white with two broken brown bands and many streaks
of brown scattered over whorl fm
caerulans.
Discussion:-The only cone species
to be found on both sides of the Atlantic. The Western Atlantic specimens may
turn out to be a separate species but most colour forms are found in both
geographies. Highly variable in shape and pattern and therefore it is difficult
to separate out the specimens into the different colour forms.
----------
Conus ernesti Petuch, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Nautilus.
104 (2), p. 67, f. 28 & 29
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Portobelo,
Panama
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
philippii
Kiener, 1845
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-philippii ernesti forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Panama East
Habitat:- 65 metres
Description:-Source: original description
Shell slender, tapering rapidly toward anterior tip; shoulder wide, sharply
angled; spire high, elevated, scalariform; shell smooth, polished, with deeply-
impressed spiral sulci around anterior end; aperture straight, narrow; shell
color white with 12-20 rows of small brown dots and dashes; rows of dots often
aligned to form large brown vertical flammule; dotted pattern overlaid with
variable amounts of amorphous lighter brown patches; clear band, with only one
or two rows of dots, present around midbody; some specimens (holotype) with
brown patches coalescing into 2 broad bands, one above, and one below, midbody;
anterior tip of shell white; spire whorls white with numerous, evenly-spaced
crescent-shaped flammules; early whorls brown; interior of aperture white;
Discussion:-Conus ernesti is
most similar to Conus cingulatus
Lamarck, 1810 from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, but differs in being a
smaller, brighter colored shell with a much higher, scalariform spire. The
lower-spired Conus cingulatus is a
rough-textured shell, with the body whorl being heavily sculptured with incised
sulci and raised spiral threads, Conus
ernesti, on the other hand, is a smooth polished shell with incised sulci
only on the anterior end. The dark purple- brown C. cingulatus has a purple aperture, whereas the white and light
brown C. ernesti has a white
aperture. The new species is also similar to C. garciai da Motta, 1982 from the Caribbean coast of Honduras, but
differs in being a much smaller shell with rows of brown dots. Like C. cingulatus, C. garciai is also a
rough-textured shell, heavily ornamented with raised threads, and differs
greatly from the smooth C. ernesti.
Together, C. garciai, C. ernesti, and
C. cingulatus form an interesting
species complex, with each being restricted to a separate molluscan assemblage.
----------
Conus erythraeensis Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in ZMUC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Icon.. I, Conus pl. 24, p. 137
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype in ZMUC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24.3 x 16.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-erythraeensis
Synonyms:- dillwynii Reeve,
1849; induratus Reeve, 1849; adustus Sowerby ii, 1858; couderti Bernardi, 1860; quadratomaculatus Sowerby ii, 1866; erythraeensis Weinkauff, 1873
Geographic Range:-Central and S. Red Sea; Aden to Kuria-Muria Is., Oman
Habitat:-Shallow water, to about 15 m. Shells from the Arabian coast
from Jeddah to N. Yemen in very quiet shallow lagoons, in sand and amongst
eel-grass roots.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, usually moderately light to moderately solid; shells
from Port Sudan somewhat lighter than shells from other localities. Last whorl
conical to broadly or ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical fourth
to two-thirds, straight below; left side may be concave near base. Shoulder
angulate. Spire low to high, outline concave to almost straight. Larval shell
of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 0.6-0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat
to slightly concave adaxially, with 1-2 increasing to 3-4 or sometimes 5-6
spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably wide spiral grooves toward base;
ribbons between narrow or grading to ribs at base.
Ground colour white to bluish white. Last whorl with spiral rows of light
reddish or dark brown dots, spots or bars that may fuse into flecks, axial
blotches and spiral bands, below shoulder, within adapical and abapical third.
Larval whorls white to brown; about 2 adjacent postnuclear sutural ramps of the
same colour. Following sutural ramps variably maculated with light to dark
brown radial streaks, spots or blotches. Aperture brown, white, violet or
brownish violet, sometimes brown only deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 16-35 mm
RW 0.05-0.15
(L 16-31 mm)
RD 0.60-0.75
PMD 0.80-0.90
RSH 0.09-0.26
C. dillwyni is distinctly red spotted with
few irregular blotches;
C. induratus
has shallow grooving almost to shoulder; pale blue ground;
C. quadramaculatus
has heavier blotching in bands above below midbody;
C. couderti
has two spiral irregular wide bands of brown on white/fawn with rows of
darks dashes.
Discussion:-C. erythraeensis
is similar to C. jickelii, C. angioiorum,
and C. nigromaculatus. C. jickelii
grows larger (50 mm vs. 35 mm), has a generally narrower last whorl, (RD
0.58-0.64), and a generally lower spire (RSH 0.09- 0.16); its spiral rows of
brown markings are arranged in groups rather than evenly distributed over the
last whorl, and the markings are larger. C.
angioiorum also attains larger size and has a generally narrower last whorl
(RD 0.56-0.64), its shoulder is subangulate, and the spiral rows of brown
markings on its last whorl are also arranged in groups rather than being evenly
distributed. Shells almost identical to the lectotype of C. erythraeensis occur along the coast of Eritrea and in the Dahlak
Archipelago.
C. adustus, C. couderti, and C. quadratomaculatus refer to colour
variants probably from this area.
C. induratus as represented by
Reeve's original figure is nearly identical to a local form of C. erythraeensis
from Port Sudan; shells of this form are somewhat less solid than those of the
other forms and have a pale blue ground colour.
Shells described as C. dillwynii may
belong to a C. erythraeensis
population living from Jeddah southwards to Yemen; they differ from the type
specimens of C. dillwynii only in a
slightly more concave spire outline, slightly more convex outline of the last
whorl and somewhat more pronounced spiral grooves on the sutural ramps.
Specimens attain adult length of 24-35 mm (types of C. dillwynii: 27-31 mm; range of C. erythraeensis: 16-29 mm) and cannot be separated from C. erythraeensis at the species level.
Unnamed local forms of C. erythraeensis
are known from Aden and from Massawa, Eritrea. Shells from the former area have
somewhat narrower last whorls than those of the typical Eritrean form (RD
0.63-0.67 vs. 0.65-0.75), while specimens from Massawa reach only 16-24 mm in
length (vs. 20-28 mm in typical Eritrean form), have beige to brown apices, and
their apertures are white or light brown deep within. Shell morphometry (RD
0.63- 0.71: PMD 0.85-0.89: RSH 0.13-0.22), sculpture and colour pattern favour
their inclusion in C. erythraeensis.
Conus erythraeensis f.
dillwynii Reeve, 1849
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Conch.
Icon.. I, Conus, Emendns. p. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known (C.
piperatus Reeve, 1844)
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued (C. piperatus)
Type Size: 27.7 x 14.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. piperatus Reeve, 1844.
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
erythraeensis Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-erythraeensis dillwynii forma
Synonyms:- piperatus Reeve, 1844
Geographic Range:-Red Sea; Aden; Zanzibar
Habitat:-Shallow water, to about 15 m. Shells from the Arabian coast
from Jeddah to N. Yemen in very quiet shallow lagoons, in sand and amongst
eel-grass roots.
Description:- C. dillwyni is
distinctly red spotted with few irregular blotches;
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus escondidai Poppe & Tagaro, 2005
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in NMPM Original Description
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Visaya
1(4), p. 40, pl. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Aliguay Island, offshore Dipolog, Mindanao, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in NMPM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 51.6 x 25.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Calamiconus Species:-escondidai
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-50 m to 100 m sandy bottom
Description:-Source Original Description
An average sized shell, broadly conical in shape and very heavy. RD = 0.65, PMD
= 0.92. Protoconch eroded, spire high, with a slightly concave outline. 12
whorls. Sutural ramp straight. The suture is deeply incised and each whorl is
nicely shouldered. On the sutural ramp, especially well visible by microscope
on the last whorls, a fine sculpture of oblique axial ribs crossed by faint,
very fine spiral ribs. Shoulder not sharp, slightly rounded. Body whorl almost
smooth, with a porcellaneous texture. Lip thin but solid. No spiral ridges or
whatsoever on the body whorl. Overall colour cream white with two broad spiral
bands of yellow, irregular blotches.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus espingueirensis Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Published
in: Malacologia 94, p.
30 - 31
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Espingueira Bay, Boa Vista, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 11 x 6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Uncertain
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-espingueirensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- Collected between 0.5 m and 1.5 m deep on the san
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Small shell (7 to 12 mm) of pyriform profile elongated, almost biconical
shape, with moderately high, spire slightly stepped with distinct sutures,
almost straight; the coloring of the spire has white flammules alternated with
speckles more dark greenish-gray flammules. The aperture is wide , internally brown-reddish purple, with one cream-colored
band. The shell has a greenish-gray base color with apattern of whitish
macules, and flecks, whitish; a medial spiral band is created by a
concentration of axial flammules. The siphonal channel is wide and open, and
almost straight. 7-8 spiral grooves appear at the base. Animals not studied.
Discussion: -
----------
Conus estellae Cossignani, 2020
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
Published in: Malacologia
Mostra Mondiale 106
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of C.
textile
----------
Conus estivali Moolenbeek & Richard, 1995
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paratype Bill Fenzan
Published in: Mem.
Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. clxvii, p. 571,
figs. 6 & 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea (19deg 53' S 158deg 38'
E); 400 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 10.4 x 6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-estivali
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Coral Sea, New Caledonia
Habitat:-Found at depths of 350-450 meters
Description:-Source Original description
shell small, thin, and shiny. Last whorl conical, RD 0.67. Sides almost
straight. Shoulder sharply angulate to carinate; spire of moderate height,
outline straight. Protoconch of about 2 whorls. First postnuclear whorl with
0-1 spiral groove gradually increasing to 6 grooves on top of body whorl. Just
above sutures a well developed ridge, giving the spire a stepped outline. Last
whorl smooth with 10-11 hardly visible striae on the anterior part. Aperture
narrow. almost uniform in width. Last whorl white with some diffuse white and
light brown blotches and 6 fine brown spiral lines. Protoconch milky white.
Spire with brown spots along the margins of the abapical ridge.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus eucoronatus Sowerby iii, 1903
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in SAMC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Mar.
Inv. S. Afr., p. 217, pl. 3,
f. 9
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cape St. Blaize, Cape, South Africa.
Type Data: Lectotype in SAMC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 45 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conaspella Species:-eucoronatus
Synonyms:- albobrunneus
Bozzetti, 2017
Geographic Range:-Natal to Somalia and S. Yemen; S. India (Gulf of
Mannar) and Sri Lanka.
Habitat:-In 100-400 m, on sand and mud.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last
whorl generally pyriform, sometimes conical or ventricosely conical or broadly
and ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, straight to concave (right
side) or concave (left side) below. Shoulder angulate, with many small
tubercles; deep exhalent notch. Spire of moderate height to high, outline
straight. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter about 1.05 mm. Postnuclear
spire whorls closely tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave,
with 0-2 increasing to 3-5 spiral grooves crossed by arcuate radial threads;
grooves spirally striate and sometimes weak in latest whorls. Last whorl
usually with strong, narrow or broad spiral ribbons from base to shoulder;
grooves between rather broad, axially striate and often with an additional
finer spiral rib. Spiral elevations crossed by distinct axial grooves, giving a
costate or granulose appearance.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spirally arranged dark or light brown
blotches, dashes, and dots and axial streaks and blotches. Pattern elements
fuse into 2-3 spiral bands, below shoulder, at centre and near base. Shells
from Somalia may have only irregularly scattered small brown blotches. Larval
whorls grey to beige. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial blotches or
weakly patterned with brown spots between tubercles.
Shell Morphometry
L 27-50 mm
RW 0.09-0.27 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.80
PMD 0.82-0.94
RSH 0.17-0.28
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus euetrios
Sowerby iii, 1882
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NMWC Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 120, pl. 5, f. 6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus textile
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-textile euetrios forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W. Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on coral reef from the reef crest to
deeper water inside the lagoon and sometimes also on flats of mainland coasts.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. textile
C. textile var. euetrios: Last whorl ventricosely conical to ovate, rather
narrow (RD 0.53-0.61); spire comparatively high (RSH 0.14-0.20). Ground-colour
white, suffused with brownish beige, violet and/or blue. Colour pattern (may be
faded in the holotype) close to that of
C. t. suzannae and C. t. form
archiepiscopus with many small tents cut by two spiral band with axial wavy
line pattern.. Shells from Reunion with a blue ground have been referred to as C. t. form euetrios var. cyanosus
(Lauer, 1987). Form euetrios is
reported from various localities in the W. Indian Ocean. Exact data on its
distribution are missing on account of confusion with form archiepiscopus. The holotype of var. euetrios has a slightly
narrower last whorl than the lectotype of C.
archiepiscopus.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus eugrammatus Bartsch & Rheder, 1943
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. 56, p. 85
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Near Mokapu Islet, off northern Coast of Molokai, Hawaii
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30 x 15.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-eugrammatus
Synonyms:- nasui Kaicher, 1977; lapulapui da Motta & Martin, 1982
Geographic Range:-SW Pacific; Hawaii
Habitat:-Offshore in 35-500 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium-sized, light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical to
ventricosely conical; outline straight to slightly convex, concave on left side
near base. Shoulder carinate, often slightly undulate. Spire of moderate height
to high, stepped; outline concave, occasionally straight. Larval shell of
3.25-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1.1mm. First 4-8 postnuclear whorls
tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with arcuate radial
threads and often obselete spiral striae; sometimes with 0-1 increasing to 2-5
weak spiral grooves, distinct in Hawaiian shells, Last whorl usually with
axially striate spiral grooves separated by narrow ribbons and ribs from base
to shoulder.
Ground colour white, sometimes suffused with violet. Last whorl variably
encircled with irregular rows of brown dots or dashes. Brown markings
clustering or fusing into 2 spiral bands, at centre and near base; occasionally
a third, interrupted band below shoulder. Larval whorls usually white. Early
postnuclear sutural ramps with widely and regularly spaced brown dots at outer
margin. Late ramps with sparse brown radial blotches; marginal dots irregularly
set to absent. Aperture translucent, white or light violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 21-38 mm
RW 0.03-0.12 g/mm
RD 0.59-0.70
PMD 0.80-0.94
RSH 0.17-0.26
Discussion:-C. eugrammatus and
C. wakayamaensis are extremely
similar. We distinguish them primarily by colour pattern. C. wakayamaensis generally has more numerous and larger brown
pigmented areas. Its spire has many irregular brown radial markings, and it
lacks the widely and regularly spaced brown dots on the early postnuclear
sutural ramps characteristic of C.
eugrammatus. On the last whorl, C.
wakayamaensis usually has 3 solid or interrupted brown spiral bands, while C. eugrammatus has 2-3 less regular and
often less prominent bands. In addition, the spiral grooves on the last whorl
are usually separated by broader ribbons in
C. wakayamaensis. C. memiae is also very similar to C. eugrammatus, but it is smaller (to 32 mm) and its last whorl is
often slightly pyriform. C. memiae usually
has strong spiral grooves on the late sutural ramps, and its colour pattern is
more complex, with narrower white spiral bands and spiral rows of brown dots
and dashes often fusing into axial streaks and flecks. Shells described as C. lapulapui tend to be smaller, but are
so similar in all other conchological characters to C. eugrammatus that we consider them to be conspecific.
Conus eugrammatus f. lapulapui
da Motta & Martin, 1982
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Carf.
Phil. Shell News 4(3), p. 4, fig. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Visayan Sea Between Malapascua Is. & Bantayan Is.,
Philippines; 20-40 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22.5 x 11.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus eugrammatus Bartsch & Rheder,
1943
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-eugrammatus
lapulapui forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Offshore in 35-500 m
Description:-
Da Motta states that it differs from C.
eugrammatus which has more visible beading on early whorls and is
sculptured with spiral threads(not axial) on whorl tops; C. eugrammatus is longer with straight sides compared with sides
visibly convex and constricted towards base in C. lapulapui.
----------
Conus eusebioi Schönherr, 2018
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MNCN C. Schönherr
Published in: Conchylia,
Heft 49 (3-4); p. 18-19, Fig. 7, Pl. 1 row 3
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Equimina Bay, Benguela Province, Angola
Type Size: 27,5 x 17.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-eusebioi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Equimina Bay,
Benguela, Angola
Habitat:-At 2-4 m depth along rocks
Description:-Source Original Description
The shells are solid, medium-sized to large25-35 mm in adults. It is a pyriform
shell, broadly ovate with a rounded to subangulate shoulder. The convex spire
is moderately elevated, often eroded in adult specimens. The teleoconch whorls
are weakly undulate, curved and stepped, creating an irregular open recessed
suture. The sutural ramps have several weak fine spiral threads. The body whorl
has a matt surface, smooth with very weak or no spiral axial cords.
The ground colour is off white with tones of grey and light brown. The pattern is formed by many narrow spiral axial lines, often wavy in form and separated by narrow spiral bands of the ground colour. The lines around the body of the shell are continuous. Juvenile specimens have more than 20 spiral brown lines whilst adult specimens have 30-40 such lines. A brown pattern covers the spire whorls and shoulder with many thin brown axial lines which often coalesce and are interrupted by patches of the off white ground colour. The edge of the suture is indicated distinctively with dark brown.
The wide aperture is white, the interior edge of the straight thin lip presenting the external coloration. In specimens with darker tones, a purple spot may be found in the upper aperture.
The periostracum is thin and transparent, and a translucent light tan colour, often persistent and difficult to remove.
----------
Conus eumitus Tomlin, 1926
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ann.
Natal Govt. Mus. V, pt. 3, p. 288, pl. xvi,
f. 3, May
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Scottburgh, Natal, SA
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 28.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus textile
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-textile eumitus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Natal, Mozambique
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on coral reef from the reef crest to
deeper water inside the lagoon and sometimes also on flats of mainland coasts.
Description:-
C. eumitus of authors refers to a
more solid variant from Natal and Mozambique with an angulate to subangulate
shoulder, a more conical and often broader last whorl, with wavy closely set
axial lines and 2 prominent spiral colour bands; the aperture may be suffused
with pink.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus
evansi Bondarev, 2001
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNHN Mike Filmer
Published in: La
Conchiglia 33 (299), p. 25, f. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Dahlak, Red Sea
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40.9 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-evansi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Red Sea, Dahlak
Habitat:-50-60 m sand
Description:-Source Original description La conchiglia
Shell moderately sized, adults about 40.0 mm, moderately solid in adult (EW:
0.18-0.186) and light in weight when juvenile (RW: 0.02-0.04). Last whorl
conical; outline straight or slightly convex adaptically and slightly concave
to the base from the left side Aperture wider at the base than near shoulder;
white inside and somewhat violet in the freshest specimens. Shoulder sharply
angulale; exhalent notch present but not deep. Early 4-5 postnuclear whorls
with distinct tuberculation; several later ones are broadly crenulatcd at the
shoulder, others - (almost) smooth. Spire low in adults; moderate in subadults
and juveniles; outline concave. Sutural ramp flat or slightly concave on the
last whorl, with increasing number of spiral grooves, up 10 12, on the last
whorl, crossed by weak radial threads. Larval shell translucent white;
paucispiral (up to 2 whorls), maximum diameter 0.8-0.9mm Last whorl good gloss,
with 17-19 pronounced axial striae, slightly wavy spiral grooves in the basal
two-thirds; the spiral grooves become weaker from the base to sub-shoulder The
grooves are disposed between spiral ribbons, which have tendency to grouping in
series of 3 in basal part, growing wider adapically; and a series of 2 in the middle
part of the last whorl, and singly more adapically, growing wider up to 1.5 mm.
Ground color white; patterns consist of chestnut brown to light brown axial
streaks and flames fusing into 3 interrupted to solid spiral bands with
additional dots, spots and blotches just below the shoulder and above as well
as below the center. Spire whorls covered with radial streaks, flames and
blotches.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus eversoni Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Published in: New
Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 74, pl. 10, figs. 12-14
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Utila Island, Bay Islands, Honduras; 20 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-eversoni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms, see Discussion
Geographic Range:-Honduras
Habitat:-Coral 20 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small, slender, tapered, with sharp-angled shoulder; spire flattened with
elevated, mamillate protoconch; body whorl smooth, polished, with 10 spiral
cords around anterior end; spire whorls with 4 spiral cords; shell color dark
reddish- brown with variable number of spiral rows of dark brown, tiny dots;
paler reddish-brown band around mid-body; spire whorls with numerous
evenly-spaced, dark brown flammules; early whorls and protoconch pale tan;
interior of aperture purple.
Discussion:- Conus eversoni is
closest to Conus flamingo Petuch in
shape and size, but differs in being a brown-colored shell with rows of tiny
dots, in having a purple aperture, and in having sculptured spire whorls with
spiral cords. The ecologies of the two species are very different, with Conus flamingo living on sand bottoms in
about 80 m depth and C. eversoni living
deep within the reef amongst living corals, in about 20 m depth. At present, C. eversoni has only been collected on
coral reefs off Utila and Guanaja Islands (Pace collection), Bay Islands,
Honduras.
Genetic analysis show that worki Petuch 1998 and eversoni are identical although the morphology is quite different (Rabiller & Richard, 2019).
----------
Conus evorai Monteiro, Fernandes & Rolán, 1995
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: World
Shells, no. 12, p. 9, pl. 1-4
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Praia Zeburaca, near Gatas Bay. N. E. Boavista Isl., Cape
Verde Isls.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of crotchii
Reeve, 1849; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-evorai
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Boavista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Small smooth shell (maximum recorded about 25 mm) with a rounded to strongly
rounded shoulder and very slightly narrowing towards the anterior end, which
gives it a faintly pyriform profile. The protoconch and earlier post-embryonic
whorls are consistently eroded. thus preventing a clear examination. The best
preserved ones show a few weak spiral cords which often almost disappear in the
last whorl, but can be clearly visible even there in a few specimens. The spire
is moderately convex. The general colour of the shell varies from golden to
dark brown, but this brown ground colour is profusely smeared with white dots,
giving the shell a reticulated appearance. These small white dots are
occasionally denser along a faint and narrow band located at about one third of
the total length of the shell, nearer to the anterior end. It is common for the
described white dots to form regular axial lines along successive growth
stages, making the shell look as though axially streaked. The interior of the
aperture is white, with two dark purplish blotches in the inside (the smaller
one, nearer to the anterior end. may be absent). The spire has the same ground
colour as the body whorl, with a few white dots. The periostracum is thin and
transparent.
Discussion:-
Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes
New species proposed: Africonus crotchii Reeve, 1849
----------
Conus excavatus Sowerby ii, 1866
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Thes.
Conch.. iii, p. 326, pl. 25 (286), f. 616
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
fumigatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-fumigatus excavatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Red Sea; W Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. excavatus refers to slightly
narrow form with pale pinkish brown bands of colour and three rows of dark
brown dashes around white belt at midbody.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus excelsus Sowerby iii, 1908
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), i, p. 465, text-figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 88 x 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Turriconus Species:-excelsus
Synonyms:- pulcherrimus Brazier,
1894; tannaensis Cotton, 1945; nakayasui Shikama & Habe, 1968
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines; Solomon Is., New Caledonia, and
Queensland; Andaman Sea off Burma
Habitat:-Offshore reported in 100-400 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl ventricosely
conical or conical; outline slightly convex at subshoulder area, straight
below. Shoulder angulate. Spire unusually high and stepped, outline straight.
Larval shell of about 3.25 whorls, maximum diameter about 1 mm. First 5-12 postnuclear
whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1
increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves. Shells with an almost smooth last whorl
intergrade with shells having variably spaced, axially striate spiral grooves
from base to shoulder, separated by sometimes granulose ribbons.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with interlaced wavy brown axial lines and a
continuous or interrupted brown spiral band on each side of centre that
contains variously shaped white markings and spiral rows of alternating white
spots and brown axial dashes. Larval whorls grey. Early teleoconch sutural
ramps immaculate, later ramps with brown axial blotches of varying size.
Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 60-102 mm
RW 0.14-0.30 g/mm
(L 60-80 mm)
RD 0.54-0.60
PMD 0.81-0.91
RSH 0.37-0.43
Discussion:-C. excelsus cannot
be mistaken for any other Conus species. T.
nakayasui refers to a variant with reduced colour pattern; such specimens
intergrade with extensively patterned ones.
----------
Conus exiguus Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Ann.
du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris), xv, p. 39
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Asia, restricted (C, M & W) to New Caledonia.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Fulgiconus Species:-exiguus
Synonyms:- plumbeus Reeve, 1844; cabritii Bernardi, 1858; vayssetianus Crosse, 1872; taylorianus Smith, 1880; bougei Sowerby iii, 1907; optimus Sowerby iii, 1913
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia; Samoa
Habitat:-In S. New Caledonia, C.
exiguus known from coral, rubble, and coarse sand with algae in 13-53 m,
often inhabiting channels of the barrier reef with strong water currents.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium-sized, light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical, sometimes
conoid-cylindrical in populations from very shallow water; outline convex, or
slightly convex adapically and less convex to straight towards base. Shoulder
angulate and tuberculate, subangulate and weakly tuberculate in populations
from very shallow water. Spire of low to moderate height; outline concave to
convex. In southern New Caledonia, larval shell of 2.0-2.25 whorls; maximum
diameter 0.7 mm in northern New Caledonia to 1 mm in the south. Postnuclear
spire whorls tuberculate to weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat,
with 1 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably spaced,
shallow, punctate spiral grooves, sometimes from base to shoulder; spiral ribs
usually granulose and restricted to abapical area or extending to centre or
shoulder (form plumbeus). Largely smooth specimens often with distinct
non-granulose spiral ribs at shoulder.
Last whorl various shades of brown, leaving variously shaped and sized white
dots, spots, flecks or blotches, mostly located near shoulder and at centre,
sometimes also at base. Brownish tones ranging from yellowish, orangish and
olive-brown to dark reddish and blackish brown. Small individuals in northern
New Caledonia with small spirally arrayed white markings either extending
across entire last whorl or restricted to central area. The medium-sized
individuals in southern New Caledonia lighter in colour, with small to large
white markings often fusing into 2-3 spiral bands or reduced to a few scattered
dots or spots. Shells from very shallow water darkest in colour, with large,
partially white markings, axially or spirally arranged. Base sometimes light violet.
Larval shell white to pale yellow, pink in medium-sized shells from the south.
Postnuclear sutural ramps matching last whorl in colouration (including number
and size of white markings). Aperture of various shades of violet (southern
population) or bluish violet to brown (other populations).
Shell Morphometry
L 16-54 mm
RW 0.05-0.26 g/mm
(L 19-45 mm)
RD 0.57-0.67
PMD 0.83-0.95
RSH 0.09-0.20
C. e. plumbeus refers to completely
granulose specimens;
C. e. optimus southern form with
strictly conical shells of medium size;
C. e. cabritii widely distributed
small 22-33 mm conical to conoid
C. e. bougei Northern form small
16-25 mm conical
Discussion:-C. exiguus as presented may be a
composite or complex of more than one species, but the common characters of its
members are so distinctive that confusion with Indo-Pacific congeners is
unlikely. Previous authors suggested 2 to 5 (mostly 3) morphological species in
this complex: 1, a southern form (cited as C.
optimus by Estival) with strictly conical shells (RD 0.57-0.63; PMD
0.86-0.95) of medium size (35- 45 mm); 2, a relatively widely distributed form (C. cabritii of Estival) with moderately
small (22-33 mm), conical to conoid- cylindrical shells (RD 0.57-0.67; PMD 0.83-0,92);
3, a northern form (C. bougei of
Estival), of small shells (16-25 mm) with a conical last whorl (RD 0.60-0.65;
PMD 0.85-0.90). Although we find that the shell characters of all intergrade,
they may represent partially geographically differentiated populations. C. plumbeus refers to completely
granulose shells of this species. The type specimens of C. vayssetianus, C. taylorianus and C. optimus cannot be conclusively assigned to any of these forms,
but all are within the range of variation of C. exiguus. Specimens recently found in Western Samoa are similar
to form bougei.
Conus exiguus f. bougei Sowerby
iii, 1907
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc.
Mal. Soc. Lond. vii, part 5, p. 299, pl. 25, f. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mouac Is., New Caledonia.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
exiguus Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Fulgiconus Species:-exiguus bougei forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia; Samoa
Habitat:-In S. New Caledonia, C.
exiguus known from coral, rubble, and coarse sand with algae in 13-53 m,
often inhabiting channels of the barrier reef with strong water currents.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C exiguus
C. e. bougei Northern form small
16-25mm conical.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus exiguus f. cabritii
Bernardi, 1858
Pictures:
Picture Link: Probable
holotype Image MNHN
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J.
Conchyl. 7, p. 377, pl. xiii, f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in unknown collection and currently assumed to be
lost
Type Size: 29 x 15 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
exiguus Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Fulgiconus Species:-exiguus cabritii forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South of New Caledonia
Habitat:-In S. New Caledonia, C.
exiguus known from coral, rubble, and coarse sand with algae in 13-53 m,
often inhabiting channels of the barrier reef with strong water currents.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. exiguus
C. e. cabritii widely distributed
small 22-33mm conical to conoid.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus exiguus f. optimus Sowerby
iii, 1913
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (8). xi, p. 235, pl.
iii, f. 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus exiguus
Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Fulgiconus Species:-exiguus optimus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia
Habitat:-In S. New Caledonia, C.
exiguus known from coral, rubble, and coarse sand with algae in 13-53 m,
often inhabiting channels of the barrier reef with strong water currents.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. exiguus
C. e. optimus southern form with
strictly conical shells of medium size
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus eximius Reeve, 1849
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, Suppl. pl. vi, sp. 256
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moluccas
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.3 x 14.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Calamiconus Species:-eximius
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bay of Bengal to Papua New Guinea, Philippines and
Taiwan.
Habitat:-In 20-100 m; east of Madras, C. eximius was collected in 45 m on mud bottom.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to solid. Last whorl
conical, sometimes ventricosely conical; outline slightly convex at adapical
third to half, straight below. Shoulder angulate. Spire low to high, outline
concave to deeply concave. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter
0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1 increasing to
3-5 spiral grooves; grooves weaker and finer on latest ramps. Basal half of
last whorl with variably spaced punctate spiral grooves separating ribs
anteriorly and a few ribbons posteriorly.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with a broad, continuous or interrupted brown
spiral band on each side of centre; often brown axial flames extend from
posterior brown band to shoulder ramp. Some specimens with dashed darker brown
spiral lines within and spiral rows of brown dots outside the colour bands;
dots vary in number and arrangement. Pattern varies from largely white shells
sparsely maculated with brown to largely brown shells with narrow white bands
at base, centre and shoulder. Larval whorls white to pale brown. Teleoconch
sutural ramps with brown radial markings. Aperture white
Shell Morphometry
L 30-58 mm
RW 0.08-0.40 g/mm
RD 0.60-0.68
PMD 0.82-0.94
RSH 0.08-0.26
Three patterns
1) all white with few faint yellow brown spots ;
2) white with two bands of isolated brown blotches connected by rows brown
spots;
3) brown with axial flammules cutting midbody band and many whitish dashes;
Discussion:-
----------
Conus explorator Vink, 1990
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul kersten
Published in: La
Conchiglia xxii, no. 250-252, p. 42. figs. 38a –d, 2
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Discovery Bay, Jamaica; 14 m
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 14.3 x 8.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-explorator
Synonyms:- According to Filmer a synonym of Conus caysalensis
Raybaudi L. & Prati, 1994
Geographic Range:-Jamaica
Habitat:-Found at depths of 15 m
Description:-Source Vink
Shell solid, low conical with slightly concave sided, nodulous spire and 13 to
15 rounded nodules on the shoulder of the body whorl; body whorl straight sided
with about 15 minutely beaded and evenly spaced spiral threads; nucleus: 1.5
whorls; colour black-brown (orange-brown in faded specimens), often with white
axial flames and with a white blotchy band at midbody and the shoulder; fine
axial brown lines may be present on the midbody band; beads of spiral threads
are normally lighter coloured than back-ground; early spire whorls with
black-brown blotches, yellow-brown radiating hairlines on last whorl of spire;
tops of whorls smooth with concave growth lines (only a faint spiral cord in
some specimens); interior of aperture purplish, interrupted within by a white
band (but base not purplish as in C.
hieroglyphus).
Discussion:-C. explorator could be confused with C. hieroglyphus (which has a more
rounded non coronated shoulder and a higher spire), C. havanensis {which has smaller and more pronounced modules on the
shoulder and a more convex body whorl. C.
kulkulcan (which has a different colour pattern, more numerous pustulated
spiral cords and a straight spire) and C.
magellanicus (which is more slender and which has no beaded spiral threads
on the body whorl, but only rarely 8 to 10 very weak spiral ridges which are
cropped near the base and wide-spaced on the rest of the shell).
----------
Conus exquisitus Sowerby iii, 1887
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Thes.
Conch. V, p. 274, pl. 36 (512*), f. 757
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: California ? (ex pisces) (erroneus)
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-exquisitus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Antigua
Habitat:-Offshore reefs
Description:-Source Original description
A small cone, elongate, turbinate with spiral grooves obsolete posteriorly and
more prominent anteriorly. Colour white with orange wavy axial flammules in two
bands; Spire conical of moderate height; apex rosy red; early whorls with
minute tubercles at margins, the last whorl with 20 small nodules at shoulder.
Aperture narrow flesh colour; columella with slightly raised rosy callus.
Discussion:-No Data
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Conus exumaensis Petuch, 2013
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in FMNH D.
Sargent
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Biogeography
and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks; p. 222-223; p. 85, fig. 6.8,
C&D
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: off Cape Eleuthera, southwestern side of Eleuthera
Island, Bahamas, along the southern Exuma Sound
Type Data: Holotype
in FMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15.2 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-exumaensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-In sand, 2 m depth
Description:-Source Original description
elongated shell, with high pyramidal stepped spire; shoulder sharply angled,
carinated; body whorl with distinct indentation around midbody, producing
characteristic convex outline; body whorl shiny and polished, sculptured with
10 incised spiral grooves around anterior two thirds of body whorl; anterior
tip encircled with 3-5 small spiral threads; shell color white or cream-white
with 8-10 evenly spaced tiny brown dots along edge of shoulder carina and spire
whorls; aperture narrow, with interior being white or cream-white in color;
protoconch proportionally large exserted, mamillate, composed of 2.5 whorls.
Discussion:-
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Last update November 2020
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