Conus fantasmalis Rolán, 1990
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Iberus
Sup. 2, p. 37, pl. 1, f. 8, pl. 2,
f. 8, pl. 5, f
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Bahia de Navio Quebrado, Isla de Maio, Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x16.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of fuscoflavus
Röckel, Rolŕn & Monteiro, 1980:
see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-fantasmalis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Maio, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found hidden in rocks.
Description:-Source Original Description Iberus
Morphology of the seashell. The maximum dimension of the copies studied varied
between 20 and 30mm. The silhouette is peculiar with a last whorl somewhat
shortened, with its wide upper part and the shoulder rounded. The spire is
pointed and somewhat extended with a slightly concave profile. The whorls of
the spire are not stepped, are striated and have the same color as the shell.
Quite uniform dark brown coloring with the exception of two spiral bands
situated, the most marked one, on the lower half of the last whorl and, the
less apparent, under the shoulder. There is not much variability among the
specimens studied. Aperture with the clear interior, presenting in its upper
part a light violet color. The lip is dark. Columella white. Periostracum fine,
yellow and transparent.
Discussion:-
Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes
New species proposed: Africonus fuscoflavus Röckel, Rolŕn & Monteiro, 1980
Proposed new species Conus borgesi Trovăo, 1979
Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails
(Gastropoda: Conidae)
based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for
conservation Tenorio, Abalde,
Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020
----------
Conus felitae Rolán, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Iberus
Sup. 2, p. 45, pl. 1, f. 18,
pl. 2, f. 18, pl. 3
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Bahia de Mordiera, Isla del Sal, Cape Verde Is.; 0,5 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 12.7 x 6.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-felitae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sal Island, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found in shallow depth (less than one meter) in rocky zone with
sand and rubble of dead coral
Description:-Source Original description Iberus
Morphology of the seashell. The maximum dimension is between 10 to 14 mm. The
largest specimen studied is of 17 mm. The silhouette is slender, extended and
relatively narrow. Spire sharp, somewhat elevated, striated, of white color
with some brown or greenish areas. The shell has a coloring that, in a first
impression, appears of cream to green olive. The pattern is formed by an
assembly of white zigzag areas on a green ground. The bands are not delimited
well, although there is a central zone with greater quantity of white. In some
copies (especially small) there are continuous spiral lines of brown. There is
a certain variability in the intensity of the color inside an almost constant
pattern. Dark aperture in its interior, with two lighter spiral bands.
Columella constantly of color light violet. Periostracum dense, a little
transparent and rough.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus felix Fenzan, 2012
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan
Published in: Acta
Conch. 11, pls.1 & 2
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Umkomaas, Mkomazi River mouth
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28.2 x 15.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Genus:- Species:-felix
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Natal SA
Habitat:-Dredged at 90-100 meters offshore on substrate of rubble
overgrown by sponges and soft coral
Description:-Source Original description
The holotype has a moderately small (length = 25-35mm) shell with a broadly
conical shape. Protoconch is paucispiral. Spire whorls are slightly stepped.
Sutural ramps of the teleoconch have 2-3 spiral grooves and more numerous,
incised fine radial striae that cross grooves on the ramps. The spire suture is
dark brown, while the ramps are much lighter orange or white in alternating
patches. Shoulder is weakly undulating on the last whorl, but smooth and
rounded. Edge of the sutural ramps higher up on the spire is sharper and angled
up to make the ramps slightly concave. The body whorl has straight sides, is
colored orange, and has two pale bands dividing the body whorl. Texture of the
body whorl is smooth with a shiny, waxy surface. The aperture is also straight.
There is an orange tinge to the interior that becomes lighter further inside.
The anterior tip of the shell is bright violet or purple. There are 7 -8
grooves on the anterior tip of the body whorl.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus fenzani Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in LACM Bill Fenzan
Published in: Visaya
3 (3), 40
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Chiriqui, W Panama
Type Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 47.1 x 21.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus poormani
Berry, 1968
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-poormani fenzani forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W. Panama
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Body whorl glossy, with silky texture; sides concave, becoming straight at
anterior end; color pure white, with 2 rows of scattered, widely-spaced oval or
heart-shaped reddish-brown spots; one row of spots anterior to body whorl
mid-line and one row of spots anterior to body whorl mid-line. Spire
scalariform, with concave, slightly canaliculate whorls; shoulder
sharply-angled. Aperture interior pure
white.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus fergusoni Sowerby iii, 1873
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. No. 41, p. 145, pl. 15,
f. 1
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond. No. 41, p. 145, pl. 15, f. 1
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Panama
Type Data: There is a cited figure: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., No. 41, p. 145, pl. 15,
f. 1
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Pyruconus Species:-fergusoni
Synonyms:- fulvocinctus
Crosse, 1872; consanguineus Smith,
1880
Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W Mexico - Peru; Galapagos
Habitat:-Intertidally in mud and up to 200 m
Description:-Source Walls
Heavy with a low gloss, low conical, the sides convex posteriorly, sometimes
almost parallel for a short distance then tapering to the base; body with
numerous low crowded spiral ridges on the anterior third in adults, these
rapidly becoming obsolete except for scattered spiral ridges and many distinct
axial threads and growth marks; juveniles with spiral structure above midbody; shoulder
roundly angled in adults, but with a weak carina, convex above; spire low or
moderate, in adults with straight or slightly convex sides and bluntly pointed;
juveniles with somewhat relatively higher spire that is sharply pointed and has
concave sides and weakly stepped whorls; early whorls distinctly nodulose, then
becoming undulate ,later whorls weakly carinate; tops of whorls with very faint
traces of 3-5 spiral ridges crossed by numerous very weak axial threads, the
sculpture all weak, even in juveniles, often not apparent in adults. Color of
shell white in large adults;juveniles with two orange to orange brown bands
above and below midpoint ;pattern becomes less distinct with growth and usually
by 7.5cm there is only a weak broad band above midbody; base white ; juveniles
and small adults sometimes with scattered large rounded brown spots in vaguely
axial series, usually absent; spire white with orange tones, especially in
juveniles; early whorls faintly tan; aperture wide uniform; outer lip sharp, straight,
mouth white; columnella long, narrow mostly internal
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus fernandesi Tenorio, Afonso, Rolán, 2008
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Vita
Malacologica 6, 5-8
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Porto Novo, Sao Antao, CV
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-fernandesi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sao Antao,Cape Verde islands
Habitat:-On algae on rocks at 2-4 m
Description:-Source Original Description
Last whorl ventricosely conical to broadly and ventricosely conical; strongly
angulated shoulder; spire dark brown with alternating white blotches; sutural
ramps flat, striated with 4-6 spiral grooves leaving ribbons of variable width;
last whorl smooth except for 5-6 equally spaced fine spiral ribs in the basal
portion and around the columella region; color of the last whorl is dark brown,
but usually lighter colored than the spire, with an olive green shade, covered
by close interrupted spiral lines alternating white and brown; in almost all
specimens a lighter-colored narrow band appears below the midpoint of the last
whorl; this band concists of small white blotches, sometimes tent-shaped ,
alternating with a reddish brown coloration; other fainter bands are often
present at the midpoint of the last whorl and below the shoulder; aperture dark
near the inner lip and white towards the interior, with a pale blotch in the
inner part; columella white
Discussion:-C. fernandesi is similar to C. kersteni but is darker with slightly
more convex sides and subsutural ramps are not so strongly ribbed.
----------
Conus fernandi Petuch & Berschauer, 2018
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MNHN
Published in: Festivus, Vol. 50/3, p. 166; fig. 2 A-B
Ocean geography:
East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: off Tanji Beach,
Gambia
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35.4 x 19.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym (form) of mercator
L., 1758 Hwass, 1792; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-fernandi
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:- Known only from
the rock reefs near the mouth of the Gambia River, Gambia
Habitat:- found exposed at low tide, in small pockets on an
eroded sandstone rock platform, covered with dense growths of green algae
Description:-
Shell large for genus, averaging around 38 mm, elongated,
fusiform, narrow, with high pyramidal spire whorls; shoulder distinctly
rounded, forming wide, broad carinalike
flange; subsutural area concave, forming slightly
canaliculate spire whorls; body whorl
smooth with silky texture, with anterior end being encircled
with 10-12 small, low spiral
cords; sutural channel of spire whorls ornamented with 2
very fine incised spiral threads; shell color variable, usually dark
blackish-brown, with 3 wide bands of small triangular tent-shaped spots, with
one around shoulder, one posterior of mid-body line, and one just anterior of
mid-body line; anterior tip colored pale orange-tan or orange; spire whorls
colored dark blackish-brown with very numerous, closely-packed white
crescentshaped flammules; white crescent flammules intersect depressed area of
channeled suture; some specimens pale sky blue with 3 wide black bands,
overlaid with continuous network of tiny black tent markings; aperture
uniformly narrow, dark purple with 2 narrow white bands; periostracum thin,
smooth, translucent.
Discussion:
Taxonomic
revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020
----------
Conus ferreirai Petuch & Berschauer, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
LACM D. Berschauer
Published in: Festivus
Vol.: 49, p. 322-323; Fig. 3C-D
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality:
off Cayo Mayor
(Miskito Cay), Miskito Cays, Nicaragua
Type Data: Holotype
in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20.9 mm x 11.4 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-ferreirai
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Nicaragua
Habitat:- Collected at night by diving, on muddy
sand and scattered, sparse sea grass, in 10 m depth
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell of average size for genus, stocky,
inflated, with rounded convex sides; shoulder sharply-angled, bordered by low,rounded
carina; spire proportionally low, subpyramidal, only faintly stepped; body
whorl shiny, most often (as in holotype shown here) ornamented with 16-18 large,
evenly-spaced raised beaded cords; anterior 1/3 of body whorl with deeply incised
sulci between beaded cords; some specimens smooth or only partially with beaded
cords; shell color pale lavender or violet overlaid with very numerous small, amorphous
brown flammules, which become darker and more concentrated anterior end; areas
between individual beads on spiral cords marked with very small, dark brown dots,
giving body whorl speckled appearance; shoulder carina marked with large,
widely-spaced brown dots; spire whorls pale violet, marked with scattered
large, narrow radial flammules; edge of suture marked with row of very small,
closelypacked brown dots; aperture proportionally wide, dark purple-brown
within interior; protoconch excerted, mamillate, rounded, composed of 2 whorls,
reddish-tan in color; periostracum smooth, transparent yellow.
----------
Conus ferrugineus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p.
649
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Guinea, (West Africa), (erroneous), corrected (Delsaerdt)
New Guinea
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52 x 28 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-ferrugineus
Synonyms:- chenui Crosse, 1857; mirmillo Crosse, 1865; loebbeckeanus
Weinkauff, 1873; sophiae Brazier,
1875
Geographic Range:-Indonesia to Marquesas, Queensland to N.W. Australia
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on sand, often under coral or on sand
with algae
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
ventricosely conical or conical; outline convex at adapical fourth or third,
less so or straight below. Shoulder angulate. Spire of low to moderate height,
outline slightly convex to slightly concave. Larval shell of about 3-3.5
whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. First 0.5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate,
grading to smooth within adjacent 2.5 whorls. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat,
often slightly concave in late whorls; with 1 increasing to 4-6 or sometimes 8
spiral grooves; spiral sculpture may be weak and fine on last 2 ramps. Last
whorl with often granulose spiral ribs on basal third, occasionally extending
to shoulder.
Ground colour usually cream to yellowish brown. Last whorl with a variably
broad yellowish tan to brown spiral band on each side of centre, either solid
or interrupted, sometimes blending with adjacent areas to produce an almost
uniform colouration. Bands may be gradually reduced and replaced by rows of
irregular dark brown axial markings sometimes extending to shoulder. Well
separated, dotted, dashed or solid brown spiral lines often extend from base to
shoulder. Base and siphonal fasciole contrastingly darker brown than adjacent
area. Apex pale yellow. Later sutural ramps with axial or radial dark brown
markings. Aperture uniformly white to cream.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-75 mm
RW 0.20-0.75 g/mm
(L 40-70 mm)
RD 0.54-0.65
PMD 0.78-0.88
RSH 0.06-0.16
Discussion:-C. ferrugineus is most similar to C. planorbis, from which it is not
distinguishable by size and shape of the shell. C. ferrugineus is usually called C. planorbis Born. However, the lectotype of C. planorbis has a faded violet blotch at the anterior end of its
aperture, a character also stated in Born's description. Röckel (1981)
considered C. vulpinus and C. ferrugineus to refer to the same
species, because the lectotypes of both C.
vulpinus and C. ferrugineus are
white inside, and he selected the former as the name for the species. However,
Hwass himself stated in his diagnosis of C.
vulpinus intus violacea, and we cannot exclude, that the lectotype lost its
violet blotch by fading. RKK therefore provisionally assign C. vulpinus to C. planorbis.
C. chenui refers to a colour form of C. ferrugineus with spiral rows of dark
axial markings replacing the brown spiral bands on the last whorl. Originally
described from New Caledonia, it is also known from Philippines, co- occurring
and intergrading with the typical form in both regions.
C. sophiae is based on a variant with
granulose spiral ribs to the shoulder.
Conus ferrugineus f. chenui Crosse,
1857
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype
in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: J.
Conchyl. 6, p. 381, pl. xi., f. 3-4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Syntype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49.1 x 26.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
ferrugineus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-ferrugineus chenui forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia, Philippines.
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on sand, often under coral or on sand
with algae.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. ferrugineus
C. f. chenui spiral rows of dark
brown axial markings New Caledonia/Philippines
Discussion:-No Data
Conus ferrugineus f. sophiae Brazier, 1875
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in AMS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1, p. 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bannietta Isle, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, (reef).
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 39 x 22.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
ferrugineus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-ferrugineus
sophiae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia, Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on sand, often under coral or on sand
with algae.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. ferrugineus
C. f. sophiae granulose spiral ribs
to shoulder
----------
Conus fiadeiroi Tenorio, Afonso, Cunha & Rolán, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Xenophora
Taxonomy 2, p. 12-13, Pl. 3
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Porto de Derrubado, North Coast of Boa Vista Island, Cape
Verde Archipelago
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26,6 x15.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of crotchii Reeve, 1849; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-fiadeiroi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-In crevices and under stones
Description:- Shell
solid, with a ventricosely conical profile and with a low spire. Shoulder
angulate. Last whorl outline slightly convex. Spire
profile concave. Sutural ramps flat to slightly
convex, with fine cords. Protoconch is paucispiral, as in all the members of Africonus.
Ground color dark brown over most of shell
surface, with a light irregular band usually present at 1/3 of the base, and
another
band formed by isolated white blotches below the
shoulder. Spire darker brown with alternating white blotches. The
brownpatterned
parts of the shell often display fine darker brown
spiral lines, sometimes partially replaced by fine axial hairlines. These
fine lines give the impression of a coarse web
pattern in some specimens, being more finely reticulated in others. Aperture is
white with a light purplish shade. Periostracum is
thin and smooth with a light brown color..
Discussion:- DNA analysis
support the status of valid species.
Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes
New species proposed: Africonus crotchii Reeve, 1849
----------
Conus figulinus Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in LSL Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Systema
Naturae 10th ed., 1 p. 715
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 65 x 42 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dendroconus Species:-figulinus
Synonyms:- buxeus Röding, 1798
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean: Natal to India and Indonesia (absent
from the Red Sea); Pacific: Japan to the Philippines and Queensland to Fiji
Habitat:-Intertidal and uppermost subtidal; in semi- sheltered or
protected sites, living on fine to very fine sand of flats, often among
vegetation.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl ventricosely conical to
broadly ventricosely conical or slightly pyriform; outline convex adapically,
straight or slightly concave towards base; left side consistently sigmoid.
Shoulder rounded. Spire usually low, outline variably sigmoid or concave.
Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly convex, with many spiral striae. Last
whorl with variably pronounced and spaced spiral grooves on basal third,
separating ribs and ribbons.
Ground colour varies from yellowish or orangish cream through reddish to
greyish or blackish brown. Last whorl with variably spaced, solid or
occasionally dashed or dotted spiral lines of brown or black; lines usually
absent from a narrow band below shoulder edge; subshoulder band may contrast in
colour from adjacent area of last whorl, ranging from yellow to dark reddish
brown. Teleoconch sutural ramps orange-brown to blackish brown, darker than
last whorl; occasionally with variably broad, irregularly set radial streaks.
Aperture white or bluish white.
Shell Morphometry
L 45-135 mm
RW 0.30-1.50 g/mm
RD 0.52-0.74
PMD 0.74-0.84
RSH 0.05-0.13
Discussion:-C. figulinus is
most closely related to C. betulinus and
C. loroisii. C. betulinus attains
larger size and has a broader last whorl; the spiral rows on its last whorl
contain intermittent white markings and its sutural ramps bear dark radial
blotches. Some specimens of C. figulinus
from Natal, Mozambique and Madagascar have dashed or dotted lines without the
intermittent white markings and with irregular dark streaks on the sutural
ramps.
----------
Conus fijiensis Moolenbeek, Röckel, Bouchet, 2008
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Robert Moolenbeek
Published in: Vita
Malacologica 6, 38
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: South East of Vitu Levu, Fiji
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 17.8 x 6.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Bathyconus Species:-fijiensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Fiji, Tonga
Habitat:-Found at depths of 150-600 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of medium to small size for the genus, thin, narrowly conical, slightly
pyriform, spire slightly concave with slightly stepped whorls. Last whorl with
32 grooves, interrupted by broad incremental scars. Colour of last whorl white
with two ill-defined brown bands, an irregular pattern of axially elongated
brown blotches, and one fine, semicontinuous, brown line in the center of many
groove interspaces; spire white with regular, radiating brown patches, 5 on
last whorl, a little darker near shoulder. Aperture white. The colour pattern
shows little variation among the material examined.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus fijisulcatus Moolenbeek, Röckel, Bouchet, 2008
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Robert Moolenbeek
Published in: Vita
Malacologica 6, 43-46
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Natewa Bay, Vanua Levu, Fiji
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 54.9 x 25.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:- Asprella Species:-fijisulcatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Fiji
Habitat:-Found at depths of 150-350 m
Description:-Source original description
Shell medium to large, broadly conical, moderately solid. Spire rather high and
straight. Body whorl straight, slightly convex near the shoulder, with 3-4
repair scars. Upper part smooth other 3/4 with about 30 spiral grooves. In
these grooves fine axial riblets. On the lower spiral ribs fine nodules. Colour
brown with a few white spirals most pronounced at middle. Some adult specimens
are more uniformly brown; however, all have a white band on the shoulder and a
white base. The sculpture of spiral grooves is variable; most juveniles have
more pronounced spiral grooves and more nodules on the spiral ribs. Base white.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus filamentosus Reeve, 1849
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, Suppl. pl. vi, sp. 260
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Designated Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28.5 x 13.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus spectrum Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-spectrum filamentosus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines and Indonesia
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m, mainly on sand
Description:-Source Filmer review 2011
C. filamentosus is a small shell. The
color of the spire is cream to white with largish yellowish to very pale orange
blotches. The shoulder is angulate. The body whorl is slightly convex below the
shoulder then almost straight until it becomes very vaguely concave towards the
base. The body whorl is shiny with numerous spiral grooves from base to
shoulder. The ground color is cream to white with variable yellowish to very
pale orange blotches which tend to form two or three vague bands. The interior of
the aperture is pure white.
Discussion:
C. filamentosus differs only
marginally from C. conspersus it is
smaller straighter sided, more slender and contains stronger more extensive
spiral grooves suggesting it is a sub-adult form. It is therefore considered a
synonym (sub-adult form) of C. conspersus.
----------
Conus filicinctus Schepman, 1913
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in Naturalis Leiden Bill Fenzan
Published in: Prosobr.
Siboga Exp., pt. 5. Toxoglossa mo, p. 384. pl. 25, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Madura Bay
Type Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.5 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus voluminalis Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
----------
Conus filmeri Röckel & Rolán, 2000
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in SMNS Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Argonauta
xiii, No. 2, p. 35, f. 77-80
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Saco Mar. S. Angola
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33.1 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-filmeri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-In calm water at two meters depth under rocks, buried in fine
sand.
Description:-Source Original description
Small to moderately small, moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical to
broadly and ventricosely conical, large specimens pyriform. Outline convex at
ad apical third, almost straight or slightly concave near base. Aperture wider
at base than near shoulder. Shoulder subangulated. Spire of low to moderate
height, outline concave to straight in smaller specimens, concave in larger
specimens. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to convex, with numerous spiral
striae. Last whorl smooth and dull, with light spiral grooves at base.
Colour pure white bigger shells but juvenile specimens can have a brown line in
the suture and some very slight cream colour in some parts of the last whorl.
Periostracum greyish brown, thick and opaque
Shell morphometry:
L 23-33 mm
RD 0.68-0.72
RSH 0.09-0.14
PMD 0.74-0.80
RW 0.18g/mm (larger shells)
Discussion:-The most similar shell is the holotype of Conus dealbatus A. Adams, 1853 (Fig.
81), preserved in the NHMUK. It is like Conus
filmeri, pure white and has a pyriform shape. But it can be distinguished
by its narrower last whorl (RD 0.61 vs. 0.68-0.72) and its deep spiral grooves
at base. In addition, specimens of Conus
filmeri of similar small size (L about 24.5 mm) are less pyriform and more
ventricosely conical. The holotype of Conus
dealbatus seems to be a fossil or subfossil shell. Other endemic Conus
species from Angola differ obviously in their pattern and shape (rounded
shoulder, less pyriform).
----------
Conus finkli Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM
Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: New
Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 111, pl. 25, f. 10 & 11
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Gulf of Venezuela, off Punto Fijo, Falcon, Venezuela; 35
m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species or a synonym form of Conus cancellatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-cancellatus finkli forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Colombia, Venezuela
Habitat:-Found at depths around 35 m.
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell elongated, slightly turnip- shaped in outline; spire elevated, slightly
concave on sides; body whorl ornamented with 25 evenly-spaced raised cords;
cords on anterior canal with fine threads in- between; spire whorls ornamented
with one large spiral cord, medially placed; color pure white with only one
band of widely-spaced, reddish- brown crescent-shaped flammules around
mid-body; spire whorls with widely-scattered, large, reddish-brown flammules;
interior of aperture white; periostracum thick, dark brown,with rows of small
hairs and with rows of large tufts around shoulder.
Discussion:-
Conus finkli is an almost white shell
shell. As far as is known, C. finkli
is confined to the Gulf of Venezuela, in upwelling areas of cold water.
Diaz (1990) considers C. finkli a
synonym of C. austini, but finkli always has flammules on the
spire, pinkish early whorls, and doesn't develop axial sculpture as strongly
----------
Conus fischoederi Röckel & da Motta, 1983
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NMSF Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Bull.
Inst. Malacol. Tokyo. 1, no. 8, p. 117,
pl. 40, f. 3 & 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Coron, Palawan, Philippines; 100 ft.
Type Data: Holotype in NMSF deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33.7 x 16.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-fischoederi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines (Palawan, Sulu Sea)
Habitat:-Reported
from about 30 m; living on coral rubble and patches of sand.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely
conical; outline convex adapically, less so or straight below; left side
sigmoid. Shoulder subangulate. Spire of moderate height, outline slightly
concave or slightly sigmoid. Early postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch
sutural ramps nearly flat, with 2 increasing to 4 spiral grooves; additional
spiral striae on latest ramps. Last whorl with spiral ribs toward base.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with medium-sized to large, orange to brown
axial blotches, usually connected to an irregular meshwork that often outlines
triangular white areas or tents. Shells with reduced reticular pattern
intergrade with shells having last whorl overlaid with brown except for white
blotches at centre and below shoulder. Dotted to solid orange to brown spiral
lines extend from base to shoulder but are often reduced. Postnuclear sutural
ramps with radial blotches of orange to dark brown. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-49 mm
RW 0.10-0.22 g/mm
RD 0.54-0.62
PMD 0.77-0.85
RSH 0.11-0.17
Discussion:-
----------
Conus flamingo Petuch, 1980
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. 93, (2), p. 299, f. 1
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Dania, Broward Co., Florida; 47,5 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19 x 5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
flavescens Sowerby ii, 1834
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-flavescens
flamingo forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-East Florida
Habitat:-Found at depths 50-120 m
Description:-Source Original description
15-20 mm adult shell length, elongate with elevated spire; shoulder smooth with
sharply raised edge; body whorl smooth, silky, with faintly raised cords near
anterior end; spire whorls smooth; color bright cherry red to reddish-orange
with varying amounts of white patterning- ranging from scattered,
crescent-shaped white patches around mid-body (as in holotype) to large white
zig-zags running entire length of shell; spire red with regularly-spaced white
patches that extend over shoulder angle onto body whorl; interior of aperture
red; protoconch very large, protracted, mamillate; periostracum thin,
yellowish, translucent.
Discussion:-Remarks.-Only two other Florida cones could possibly be
confused with Conus flamingo; these
are C. amphiurgus and C. flavescens Sowerby, 1834. Young
specimens of C. amphiurgus, though
often bright red like C. flamingo,
always have rows of dark-colored dots around the body whorl, a character
totally lacking in the new species at any age. Conus amphiurgus has a wider shoulder, lacks the mamillate
protoconch of C. flamingo, and has a
larger adult shell length (ay. 50 mm). Conus
flavescens has a mammillate protoconch like the new species ,but the
protoconch is larger and more exerted. The coloring of C. flavescens is always in shades of yellow, pale brown, pale
orange, or white, and often with a pattern of brown dots, dashes, and
flammules. This type of color pattern is quite different from the solid bright
red color and white crescents and zig-zags of C. flamingo. The colors of the living animals also help in
separating the 3 species: Conus
flavescens has a white animal, C.
amphiurgus a bright orange-red animal, and C. flamingo an amber-colored animal.
Tucker is unsure whether flamingo is synonym of flavescens.
The question remains are Gradiconus flamingo and G. flavescens conspecific. I must admit that I probably erred in
equating the two. However, that does not mean that I can distinguish them. The
best way seems to be the anterior end coloration. In G. flamingo, the anterior end is brown colored. This coloration is
usually darker than the coloration at midbody. In G. flavescens, the anterior end is colored the same shade as the
body markings and often is mostly white.
----------
Conus flammeacolor Petuch, 1992
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in CMNH Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: La
Conchiglia xxiii, no. 264, p. 38, f. 5 & 6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: South of the Cayos Vivorillo, Honduras; 20 m
Type Data: Holotype in CMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 10 x 6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-flammeacolor
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Tropical W Atlantic, Honduras
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20 -55 m
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell small for genus, relatively slender, tapering toward anterior end;
shoulder sharply angled, subcarinated; spire proportionally low, with early
whorls projecting; aperture narrow; body whorl polished. shiny, ornamented with
15 spiral rows of tiny, very shallow pits; anterior tip of shell
encircled by numerous coarse spiral cords; spire whorls smooth; color uniformly
bright red-orange with narrow band of alternating brown and white flammules
encircling midbody; orange-red body whorl color overlaid with 15 spiral rows of
tiny brown dots, with each dot corresponding to a shallow pit; spire whorls
white with evenly -spaced dark brown flammules; edges of brown spire flammules
extend onto shoulder carina; protoconch and early whorls pale yellow; interior
of aperture pale orange; periostracum unknown.
Discussion:-Of the known Caribbean cones, the new species most closely
resembles Conus brunneofilaris Petuch,
1990 , from the Caribbean coast of Panama. Conus
flammeacolor differs from its Panamian congener in having a stockier shell
with a lower spire, in having a bright orange-red shell color instead of
golden-yellow, in having fewer and finer revolving lines of brown dots, and in
having the finely -pitted shell surface.
The posterior edge of the lip of the holotype bears five small, elongated
pustules, indicating that the shells of some individuals may be completely
pustulated; Conus brunneofilaris and C. flammeacolor, together, appear to
represent a previously-unknown species complex of tiny coral rubble-dwelling
cones that is restricted to the eastern coast of Central America; the myriad of
unexplored island groups and coral Banks off eastern Honduras and Nicaragua may
house other members of this new complex.
Tucker assigns to a Magellanicus complex.
----------
Conus flavescens Sowerby ii, 1834
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Illus. pt. 55, f. 68
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Bahamas
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-flavescens
Synonyms:- caribbaeus Clench,
1942; flamingo Petuch, 1980; paraguana Petuch, 1987
Geographic Range:-Florida, USA - Greater Antilles; Bahamas
Habitat:-Found at depths up to 20 m
Description:-Source Vink.
A slender shell, rarely exceeding 25 mm. in length, although specimens of more
than 30 mm. exist. Sides of the body whorl slightly convex with a rather broad
base, spire moderate and rather straight-sided with mamillate protoconch.
Shoulder angulate, body whorl smooth except for 10 to 12 incised lines near the
base. Tops of whorls without distinct spiral threads. Nucleus: 2 whorls; early whorls
with rough sutures that sometimes may appear nodulous. Operculum longish and
small, about 1/6 of aperture height, periostracum thin and yellowish. Colour
pattern rather variable with most patterns found in any population. Specimens
from the Bahamas are lighter in colour. Typical C. flavescens is pale brownish yellow or reddish brown with
irregular white spots mostly around mid-body and around the base of the spire,
but sometimes also covering the whole body whorl. The spots are irregular, and
in the words of Reeve have 'the appearance of spaces casually left in the
deposit of the pale yellow colour'. The white spots around mid-body may also
form a complete band and some shells are completely uniform white, yellowish or
pinkish. There are also specimens with spiral rows of dark brown dashes on a
background which can be uniform white or white with axial brown maculations.
Discussion:-
Conus flavescens f. caribbaeus Clench,
1942
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MCZ Mike Filmer
Published in: Johnsonia
1, p. 23, pl. 11, f. 4 & 5
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Palm Beach Co., Florida
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
flavescens Sowerby ii, 1834
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-flavescens caribbaeus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Florida, Bahamas
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-
C. caribbaeus is considered an albino
colour form.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus flavidus Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Living Animal: David Massemin Tahiti
Published in: Ann.
du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 265
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Guinee, (West Africa), (erroneous), corrected (Wils) New
Guinea
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 63 x 36 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virgiconus Species:-flavidus
Synonyms:- peasei Brazier, 1877; erythraeozonatus Barros e Cunha, 1933
Geographic Range:-Entire Indo-Pacific
Habitat:-On intertidal benches and more frequently on shallow subtidal
reef flats to about 20 m; ranging from inshore habitats to the reef rim and
inhabiting small sand-filled depressions, reef limestone or beachrock with or
seldom without algal turf, coral rubble with or without sand, and dead coral
heads or rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Last
whorl conical to broadly conical, sometimes slightly ventricosely conical;
outline variably convex at adapical fourth or third and almost straight below,
often slightly concave centrally in large specimens. Shoulder angulate to
subangulate. Spire usually low, outline slightly concave to slightly convex.
Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave; later ramps with numerous
spiral striae, with 3-6 spiral grooves, or with intermediate sculpture. Last
whorl with distinct to obsolete, well-separate spiral ribs basally, sometimes
granulose; these ribs weaker adapically, and any extending above centre are
absolete and not granulose.
Colour light yellowish to orange or pinkish brown, occasionally brownish green.
Last whorl with a pale or white spiral band at or closely below centre and at
shoulder; shoulder band sometimes and central band seldom absent. Base purplish
blue. Larval whorls change colour from white to purple during metamorphosis
(Perron, 1981a). Postnuclear sutural ramps vary from white to colour of last
whorl. Aperture violet to purplish blue, with pale bands near centre and below
shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-75 mm
RW 0.25-1.00 g/mm
(L 35-65 mm)
RD 0.58-0.73
PMD 0.83-0.92
RSH 0.01-0.13
Discussion:-C. flavidus is
often very difficult to distinguish from C.
frigidus.
C. flavidus attains larger size than C. frigidus, has a generally more conical,
less convex-sided and smoother last whorl with spiral ribs usually only on the
basal half, a lower spire (RSH 0.01-0.13) and a weaker spiral sculpture on its
sutural ramps; its last whorl is typically yellow to orange brown and infrequently
olive green; pale spiral bands are more often pronounced in C. flavidus.
----------
Conus flavus Röckel, 1985
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in ZSM Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Spixiana
viii, p. 166, f. 1a,
2a, 3b, 5a
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Batangas Bay, Luzon, Philippines; 10 m
Type Data: Holotype in ZSM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 55.1 x 24.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-flavus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is. and Fiji
Habitat:-In 10-30 m, on sand and mud bottoms.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
ventricosely conical, sometimes ovate; outline convex at adapical third, less
so or straight below, often with a straighter right side. Siphonal fasciole
prominent and siphonal notch often slightly curved to dorsal side. Shoulder
subangulate or rounded. Spire of moderate height, outline concave to sigmoid.
Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter 0.8-1.0 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps
flat to slightly concave, with 1-2 increasing to 2-6 spiral grooves; additional
spiral striae on last 2 ramps. Last whorl with closely and widely spaced, narrow
and wide spiral grooves on a varying portion of basal half; grooves separating
ribs and ribbons in irregular sequence, with the former predominantly occurring
basally and the latter adapically.
Ground colour white to cream. Last whorl with light yellow to tan spiral and
axial zones, blending with adjacent ground-colour areas and sometimes covering
a large portion of last whorl; occasionally 3 spiral colour bands, located
below shoulder and on each side of centre. Irregularly arranged dark brown
spots, flecks and flammules of varying numbers are often seen in Philippines
shells and rarely in shells from Papua New Guinea. Variant from Palawan,
Philippines with 3 tan spiral bands on last whorl, crossed by long interrupted
or continuous dark brown axial streaks or flames extending from shoulder ramp
to base or nearly so. Base light yellow to tan except for nearly white shells
from Papua New Guinea. Larval whorls white to pale brown; adjacent sutural
ramps solid brown. Later sutural ramps pale grey, often tinged with yellowish
tan, with sparse and faint to many pronounced brown radial markings. Aperture
yellow to orange behind a lighter marginal zone.
Shell Morphometry
L 45-70 mm
(50-78 mm mm (Palawan variant))
RW 0.16-0.40 g/mm
(L 45-61 mm; 0.18-0.40 g/mm (Palawan variant))
RD 0.52-0.60
(0.49-0.52 mm (Palawan variant))
PMD 0.72-0.85
RSH 0.11-0.17
Discussion:-C. flavus was
referred to by Petuch (1974) as a light color variety of C. pilkeyi. Sympatric C.
ochroleucus often differs from C.
flavus in having a narrower last whorl (RD 0.47-0.54) with a straighter
outline. C. ochroleucus lacks most
often dark brown axial markings on the last whorl of adult specimens, while C. flavus lacks marginal spots on the
middle sutural ramps. C. o. ochroleucus
can also be distinguished by its angulate shoulder, and by shape and armature
of its radular teeth. C. o. tmetus
differs additionally in its mostly dark last whorl with a contrasting light
base. In spite of a narrower last whorl, somewhat lighter weight, weaker
sculpture on the last whorl and a pronounced axially lineate pattern, the
variant from Palawan shares all other characters with C. flavus from other Philippine localities. RKK thus assign these
shells to this species.
----------
Conus flavusalbus Röckel & Rolán, 2000
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Argonauta
xiii, No. 2 p. 38, figs. 92-96
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia das Pipas, Angola.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23.7 x 14.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-flavusalbus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Under rocks 2-3 m
Description:-Source Original description
Small to medium sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl
ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical third, slightly pyriform
below. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder rounded. Spire of
low to moderate height, outline convex. Postnuclear whorls eroded, sutural
ramps slightly convex, without sculpture. Last
whorl smooth, slightly glossy in smaller, duller in larger specimens, with some
weak spiral grooves basally.
Ground color white; last whorl light orange-brown, leaving a white base and
shoulder. The coloured part of last whorl may be reduced to irregular flecks or
interrupted by white spiral bands. Aperture white. Periostracum brown, smooth,
transparent
Shell morphometry:
L 18-24 mm
RD 0.66-0.72
RSH 0.04-0.15
PMD 0.73-0.80
RW 0.08-0.32 g/mm
Discussion:-
----------
Conus fletcheri Petuch & Mendenhall, 1972
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in CAS Mike Filmer
Published in: Veliger
15, p. 96, f. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Southwest of Penghu Is. Group, Taiwan, Republic of China;
90 m
Type Data: Holotype in CAS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 105 x 44 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus pergrandis
Iredale, 1937
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE
SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-
----------
Conus flindersi Brazier, 1898
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in SAMA Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 22, p. 780
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Flinders Is.
Type Data: Holotype in SAMA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus anemone
Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name
flindersi
----------
Conus floccatus Sowerby, 1841
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Sowerby (1833-1841, pt.
153/154, fig. 112)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Illus. pt. 153-4, large list, no. 112
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Luzon Philippines in Thes. Conch 3
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby
(1833-1841, pt. 153/154, fig. 112)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-floccatus
Synonyms:- magdalenae Kiener,
1845; circumsignatus Crosse, 1865
Geographic Range:-Indonesia and Philippines to Marshall Is.; Solomon
Is., Queensland, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, and Samoa.
Habitat:-In 1-80 m; from lagoon pinnacles to the outer side of barrier
reefs, living in sand pockets and caves, beneath rocks and on diverse reef
substrate; in W. Samoa, in surf-zone under stones.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large or large (New Caledonia), moderately solid to
solid. Last whorl conoid-cylindrical, conical, ventricosely conical, ovate or
cylindrical; outline varies from almost evenly convex to straight except for
convex adapical fourth. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder
subangulate to angulate, usually angulate in New Caledonian shells. Spire of
low to moderate height, outline slightly concave, straight, sigmoid or variably
domed. Early postnuclear whorls tuberculate but usually eroded. Teleoconch
sutural ramps slightly concave, with a prominent subsutural ridge and 2
increasing to 5 weak spiral grooves, often obsolete or replaced by numerous
spiral striae in late whorls. Last whorl with closely to widely spaced,
prominent to weak spiral ribs on basal third.
Ground colour white, suffused or clouded with pale pink, grey, blue, violet, or
yellow. Last whorl with sparse to numerous brown blotches, flecks, spots,
flames, axial streaks and axial lines, usually concentrated or fusing into 2
spiral bands above and below centre; shells with varied markings of all sorts
intergrade with shells with sparse markings of only one type. Spiral rows of
alternating white and brown dots, dashes and spots extend from base to shoulder
but vary considerably; spiral rows sometimes lack white markings and are sometimes
absent. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with separate to fused,
pale to dark brown radial blotches, streaks and lines often producing dark dots
at outer margins. Aperture white or yellow deep within
Shell Morphometry
L 45-86 mm
RW 0.20-0.75 g/mm
(L 45-80 mm)
RD 0.48-0.61
PMD 0.72-0.86
RSH 0.07-0.15
Discussion:-Specimens of C.
floccatus with a colour pattern dominated by dark axial lines recall C. julii, but their last whorls are
heavily clouded with various shades of violet and have prominent spiral rows of
dark and white markings. Some shells of
C. floccatus resemble C. circumcisus.
The latter species attains larger size (L 55-100 mm), its pattern has
prominent spiral bands of varying number but no dark axial lines on the last
whorl, and its aperture lacks yellow colour.
C. magdalenae refers to the yellow
colour form of C. floccatus, and C. circumsignatus seems to be based on a
subadult shell of the same shape and similar colour with prominent dark
blotches and spiral rows on its last whorl.
Conus floccatus f. magdalenae Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 293, pl. 69, f. 4
Ocean geography:
Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 54 x 26 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
floccatus Sowerby, 1841
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-floccatus magdalenae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-In 1-80 m; from lagoon pinnacles to the outer side of barrier
reefs, living in sand pockets and caves, beneath rocks and on diverse reef
substrate
Description:-
C. magdalenae refers to the yellow
colour form of C. floccatus, and C. circumsignatus seems to be based on a
subadult shell of the same shape and similar colour with prominent dark
blotches and spiral rows on its last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus floridanus Gabb, 1869
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in ANSP Mike Filmer
Published in: Amer.
Jour. Conch. iv, p. 195, pl. xv., f. 4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Tampa Bay, Florida.
Type Data: Holotype in ANSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 48.5 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus anabathrum
Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name floridanus
Conus floridensis Sowerby iii, 1870
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 256, pl. 22,
f. 11
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Florida
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42 x 20 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
anabathrum anabathrum Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum floridensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E., W. Florida, South Carolina
Habitat:-Found from 5 m to 35 m
Description:-Source Vink C.
anabathrum
In a colour form found in nearly all populations of C. anabathrum, but mostly seen in larger deep-water specimens, the
spiral rows of dashes and the markings on the spire are dark reddish brown
distinctly contrasting with the background of more orange brown bands. This
form was described as C. floridensis by
Sowerby.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus floridulus A. Adams & Reeve, 1848
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Zool.
Voy. Samarang. Moll., pt. 1, p. 18,
pl. 5, f. 9 a
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37 x 20 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-floridulus
Synonyms:- tenuis Sowerby
ii, 1857
Geographic Range:-Reunion and Maldives to New Caledonia and to Japan
Habitat:-In 9-80 m; reported to be dredged to 240 m in the Philippines.
In Papua New Guinea, in muddy sand or on living coral in 9-80 m; in New
Caledonia, on coarse sand or coral rubble and algae in 25-80 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl conical to
slightly pyriform; outline variably convex adapically and straight to slightly
concave below. Shoulder angulate, undulate to tuberculate. Spire of moderate
height, outline concave to slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of 3.25 whorls,
maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Early postnuclear spire whorls smoothly edged;
late whorls undulate to tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with
arcuate radial threads and 1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves. Last whorl with
widely spaced, granulose spiral ribs, restricted to basal area or extending to
shoulder.
Ground colour white. Last whorl encircled with 2 variably wide, tan to orangish
brown bands, on each side of centre. Populations may include intensely banded
and largely white shells. Adapical band often overlaid with or divided by
spirally or axially aligned dots. Base, siphonal fasciole and basal part of
columella light violet. Larval whorls orange. Teleoconch sutural ramps with tan
radial markings matching pattern of last whorl in colour. Aperture light violet
at base, translucent white above.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-59 mm
RW 0.12-0.20 g/mm
(L 30-44 mm)
RD 0.59-0.70
PMD 0.84-0.94
RSH 0.15-0.22
Discussion:-The typical form of C.
muriculatus closely resembles C.
floridulus in shell characters and colour pattern of the animal. The latter
can be distinguished by its larger size, lighter spiral colour bands, and light
violet size, in contrast to the dark bluish or brownish violet base of C. muriculatus.
----------
Conus floridus Sowerby ii, 1858
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Syntype 1 77 x 39 mm Mike Filmer
Published in: Thes.
Conch. iii, p. 47, Frontispiece, f. 558
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 77 x 39 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus striatus
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-striatus
floridus forma
Synonyms:- chusaki da Motta, 1978
Geographic Range:-W. Thailand and Andaman Is.
Habitat:-From 1-50 m, usually in sand on coral reef, often beneath rocks
and dead coral slabs.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. striatus
Medium-sized to large, solid to heavy; forms floridus and subfloridus
usually moderately large and solid. In form floridus,
last whorl usually ovate.
Form floridus with
white ground colour. Last whorl clouded or spirally banded with shades of pink,
orange, brown, or violet. Spirally aligned brown markings occur on each side of
centre, are less prominent below shoulder, and vary in number, size and shape;
maculation generally sparser than in typical form. Brown spiral lines extending
from siphonal fasciole to shoulder, more prominent within background clouds and
bands, coarse and very dark within brown markings; spiral lines sometimes
partially restricted to these markings but even in otherwise immaculate shells
traceable within some ground-colour zones. Form floridus with dotted and dashed lines on white ground. Larval
whorls and about first postnuclear sutural ramp orange; in Hawaii, larval
whorls pale pink before metamorphosis (Perron, 1981a). Aperture white to bluish
white, occasionally cream deep within; in form floridus, orange deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L form floridus 57-129 mm)
RW 0.24-1.10 g/mm
(- form floridus 0.30-0.60g/mm
(L57-76 mm
RD 0.47-0.62
(- form floridus 0.52- 0.59)
PMD 0.70-0.82
(- form floridus 0.69-0.76)
RSH 0.00-0.14
(- form floridus 0.09-0.15)
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus fluviamaris Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in LACM Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Visaya
3 (3), 44
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Delray Beach, Florida
Type Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16.2 x 8.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According To Filmer a synonym colour form of Conus mindanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-mindanus
fluviamaris forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Florida
Habitat:-Found at 10 m on sand
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of average size for genus, subcylindrical, with straight sides; spire
elevated, low pyramidal, with slightly stepped whorls. Body whorl smooth and
shiny, ornamented with 8-10 deeply-incised spiral grooves around anterior
one-half of shell (holotype with 8 grooves ); posterior one-half ornamented
with 6- 7 faintly-incised, almost obsolete spiral grooves; faint posterior
grooves more prominent on juvenile specimens, almost disappearing on mature
specimens; anterior tip with 5-6 small spiral cords; color variable, from pure
white, to uniform pale pink, to intense pink with large amorphous dark pink flarnrnules
(as in holotype ).
Shoulder sharply-angled, edged with large, sharp, smooth raised carina;
subsutural area depressed and canaliculate due to strong carina. Spire whorls
stepped, moderately scalariform, distinctly canaliculate; spire height variable,
from low and subpyramidal to high and elevated; color varying from uniform
white to pink (as in holotype ); protoconch proportionally large, rounded,
mamillate, composed of 2 whorls, white or pink in color. Aperture
proportionally wide, becoming wider and more flaring at anterior end; interior
color varying from white to bright pink (as in holotype).
Discussion:-
----------
Conus fonsecai Petuch
& Berschauer, 2016
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP
David Berschauer
Published in: The
Festivus Vol. 48, Issue 4; P. 259 260; Fig. 2 E - H
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: off Camocim,
Ceara State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size :16.6 x 8.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid Species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Poremskiconus Species:-fonsecai
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- The new species is known only from the
areas offshore of Camocim, Ceara State, Brazil, but may also occur on the
offshore Canopus Banks
Habitat:-Taken in crab traps,
from 20 m depth on coralline algal nodule (rhodolith) sea Floor
Description:-Source:
Original description
Shell of average size for genus, stocky,
truncated, with inflated body whorl; shoulder sharply angled, subcarinate;
spire
elevated, subpyramidal, with scalariform stepped
whorls; body whorl smooth and shiny, sculptured with 8-10 thin, low spiral
threads
around anterior end; body whorl color white or pale
pinkish-white, overlaid with numerous large, amorphous angular brown or
reddishbrown flammules, arranged in zebra or zig-zag pattern; zebra flammules
interrupted by white mid-body band, which bisects them into two
sections; zebra flammules are not solidlycolored, but
are composed of darker tan or orange-colored, extremely fine, closely-packed longitudinal
lines superimposed upon paler tan or orange base color; spire whorls white, marked
with widely-spaced dark orange-brown crescent-shaped flammules; edge of spire flammules
intersect with zig-zag flammules of body whorl; early whorls orange; protoconch
proportionally large, domed, orange in color, composed of 2 whorls; aperture
narrow, white within interior.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus fontonae Rolán & Trovăo in Rolán, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rólan
Published in: Iberus
Sup. 2, p. 28, pl. 1, f. 10; pl. 2, f.
10; pl. 3
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Bahia de Fontona, Isla de Sal, Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18.7 x 11.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of cuneolus Reeve, 1843; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-fontonae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sal Island, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found on rocky bottom with some sand, at shallow depth
Description:-Source Original description Iberus
Morphology of the seashell. The maximum dimension of the copies studied is
between 15 and 23 mm. The largest specimen reaches 31 mm. Its silhouette is conical,
with little high spire, not stepped and with spiral grooves. The color of the
spire is uniform, without spots, and normally plain, but with a tendency to
have dark in the zone next to the suture. The coloring of the seashell is
yellow, siena, greenish or brown, with intermediate tones that combine in the
form of spiral bands; almost always the base is dark (a little less toward its
extreme) and having very frequently a dark band under the shoulder. Variability
of color is great, although the color is constant in each of the spiral bands.
Opening bluish white in its interior, but where the whorl is not very wide,
appears somewhat dark with two clear bands. Columella variable with tones that
go from white to light violet. Periostracum yellow, quite transparent, matt and
rough.
Discussion:-
Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes
New species proposed: Africonus cuneolus Reeve, 1843
----------
Conus fortdauphinensis Bozzetti, 2015
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Types, L. Bozzetti
Picture
Link: Types, L. Bozzetti
Published in: Malacologia
88, p. 14 & 15
Ocean geography: Indo Pacific
Type Locality: Tolagnaro, South Eastern Madagascar, only known from the
type locality
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN Paris, deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 47.8 x 22.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A form within the pennaceus
complex
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:- fortdauphinensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:-Found crabbed intertidally
Description:-Source Original description
Profile ventricosely conical, spire of moderate height with a straight outline,
shoulder subangulate, body whorl uniformly convex on right side of apertural
view, very slightly concave at the base and convex above on left side.
Protoconch constituted of 1 flat embryonic whorl followed by 2 others;
teleoconch of 5 6 whorls, with straight or very slightly convex the first
three ones, moderately concave the last ones. Sutural ramps covered by numerous
thin spiral striae and thick radial growth lines. Aperture narrow at the
posterior end, gently expanding in abapical direction, body whorlwalls covered
by thick and thin axial growth lines and spiral striae, the spirals becoming
stronger in the basal area. Body whorl from light brown to brown stained, a
darker spiral band with variable intensity and height under the shoulder, a
second similar band on the central area present in paratype 2. Body whorl ramps
covered by spiral bands of alternate dark brown and whitish dots, subsutural
ramps light brown stained, covered by fit opistocryt, radial flammulae darker
coloured. Rare sporadic irregular blotches, whitish with a bluish nuance
present on the body whorl walls and on the spire. Protoconch light brown,
inside of aperture whitish or light bluish.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus foscaclaudiae Assi, 2010
(Only listed for reference; nomen nudum!)
No pictures available
Published in: Malacologia
67, 14
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Senegal to Angola
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued; the type specimen
seems not be here!
Type Size: 49.22 x 29.28 mm
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum), described
as a form post 1960. We deal with a specimen of Conus genuanus.
Taxonomy: Not applicable
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name
----------
Conus fosteri Clench & Aguayo, 1942
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MCZ Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Johnsonia
1, p. 34, pl. 12,
f. 5
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Sagua la Grande, Santa Clara prov., Cuba (23deg 10'
N. 79deg 35' W); '260 fm. (470 m).
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 61.5 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus villepinii
Fischer & Bernardi, 1857
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-villepinii
fosteri subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Cuba, Colombia
Habitat:-Found in deep water at 400-500 m
Description:-Source Vink C.
villepini
A light shell, 40 to 70 mm (rarely up to 90 mm), with the sides of the body
whorl rather straight, tapering to a narrow base where the aperture slightly
flares out. The aperture forms a fairly deep sinus at its upper end. Spire
rather straight-sided but suddenly more concave near the apex, where the early
whorls form a cone with a sharp angle. Shoulder sharply angled, body whorl with
weak, straight spiral ridges near the base, sometimes continuing to the
shoulder (ridges more pronounced in Brazilian specimens). Nucleus elevated: 3
whorls; first 4 to 6 post nuclear whorls distinctly nodulose, with sides as
large as or even larger than the tops. Tops of the spire whorls slightly
concave with about 4 to 6 spiral ridges. Colour white to cream with two spiral
bands of reddish brown maculations or axial flammules, often extended to the
shoulder or base. Spire with curved reddish brown blotches.
C. fosteri differs from typical C. villepinii in having a much lower
spire. The aperture flares out somewhat more near the base.
Discussion:-See comments on Conus
villepinii in Rabiller &
Richard, 2019 who separate them as valid species.
----------
Conus fragilissimus Petuch, 1979
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Paratype 1: 34 x 15 mm Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Nemouria.
no. 23, p. 14, f. 22-25
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off coast Harmil Is., Dahlak Archipelago, Eritrea
Province, Ethiopia; 3m.
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30 x 12 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Gastridium Species:-fragilissimus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Ethiopia; C & S Red Sea
Habitat:-In 2-5 m, in mud or coral rubble on coral reefs
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, light to moderately light. Last whorl ovate,
outline convex; left side slightly concave at basal third. Aperture wider at
base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate, tuberculate. Spire of low to
moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of about 1.75 whorls, maximum
diameter 0.9-1 mm. Post nuclear whorls tuberculate, tubercles weak in early
whorls. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 0-1 increasing
to 4-6 weak or pronounced spiral grooves. Last whorl with a few weak, widely
spaced spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour white to grey. Last whorl with a fine, incomplete, light brown to
dark reddish brown reticulate pattern fusing in variously sized and shaped
blotches that leave an interrupted spiral ground-colour band at centre. Spiral
rows of brown dots and dashes, often alternating with white dots and dashes,
extend from base to shoulder but may be weak. Larval whorls and adjacent 2
postnuclear sutural ramps dark brown. Following sutural ramps with dark brown
radial streaks and blotches. Aperture translucent, shaded with violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 26-47 mm
RW 0.02-0.09 g/mm
RD 0.50-0.55
PMD 0.64-0.74
RSH 0.08-0.14
Discussion:-C. fragilissimus
may only be confused with subadult C.
geographus. Similarly sized specimens of the latter species differ in their
red multi spiral larval shells, narrower and cylindrical rather than ovate last
whorls (RD 0.45-0.51), and in the straighter outline of the irspires. Spiral
rows of alternating brown and white markings on the last whorl are usually
prominent in C. fragilissimus
but absent in C. geographus. C. eldredi can be distinguished from C .fragilissimus by its pink ground
colour , white apex, generally narrower last whorl (RD 0.47-0.52), and its
straight to slightly convex spire outline.
C. eldredi lacks spiral rows of alternating brown and white markings, while
C. fragilissimus has no punctate
spiral grooves on the last whorl. somewhat concave, with 1 increasing to 4-9
spiral grooves; latest whorls usually with additional spiral striae, first 3
whorls with a prominent subsutural ridge. Last whorl with a few weak, variably
spaced spiral ribs at base.
----------
Conus franciscanus Hwass, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1: p. 698, no. 87, (1798, Tab. Enc. Pl. 337, fig. 5)
Ocean geography:
East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Africa
Type Data: lectotype in MHNG
Type Size: 56.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-franciscanus
Synonyms:- hybridus Kiener, 1845
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-
Description:-
Discussion:
Taxonomic revision of West
African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020
----------
Conus franciscoi Röckel & Rolán, 2000
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Argonauta
13, No. 2, p. 36, figs. 82-86
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Chapeu Armado, S. Angola
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28.4 x 15.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-franciscoi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sao Nicolau, Chapeu Armado, Angola
Habitat:-Buried in sand between stones; juveniles in the high tidal
level.
Description:-Source Original description.
Shell description: Moderately small to medium sized, moderately solid. Last
whorl ventricosely conical, outline convex at adapical third, almost straight
below. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder rounded. Spire of
low to moderate height, outline slightly convex to sigmoid. Teleoconch sutural
ramps convex, with fine spiral striae. Last whorl smooth, with some weak spiral
grooves at base. Shell dark brown, leaving a broad central spiral band
consisting of broad white axial streaks and bars. Periostracum translucent and
of orange colour.
Shell morphometry:
L 30-38 mm
RD 0.65-0.70
RSH 0.10-0.16
PMD 0.75-0.81
RW 0.20-0.25 g/mm
Discussion:-
----------
Conus fraserorum Lorenz, 2020
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Felix Lorenz
Published in: Conchylia
51 (1-2), 2020
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Praia de Wimbi, Pemba Bay, Mozambique
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.3 x 10.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Nitidiconus Species:-fraserorum
Synonyms:
Geographic Range:-Mozambique
Habitat:-at 15-20 m
Description:-
Shell is rather small and solid. The last whorl is moderately broad and
ventricosely conical, with a silky texture. The aperture is equally narrow
throughout. The spire is pointed. The first teleoconch whorls are distinctly
stepped, forming a convex outline. The last three whorls are not stepped but
evenly sloping. The smooth protoconch measures 0.8 mm in diameter. It is slightly
swollen, paucispiral, consisting of only two whorls without transitional line
to the post-nuclear whorls, of which there are eight in total. The postnuclear
whorls have three to four distinct spiral grooves and a slightly undulate
suture. The shoulder is rather angular and very slightly undulated. There are
distant, transverse, faintly beaded ribs which are more obvious in the
posterior third of the body whorl, and becoming quite prominent towards the
anterior tip.
The body whorl and the last four postnuclear whorls are pale bluish grey with two broad darker greyish brown transverse zones which border a paler mid-dorsal zone. There are rows of minute yellow to brown dots which are located on the transverse ribs. The shoulder shows very faint reddish dashes and a darker brown suture line. The protoconch and the first four teleoconch whorls are plain white. The aperture is brown.
----------
Conus frauenfeldi Crosse, 1865
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Paralectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J.
Conchyl. Xiii, p. 307, pl. x, f. 1, 1a
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Madagascar (erroneus), corrected to Padang, South West
Sumatra, East Indian Ocean
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43.2 x 23.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus
frauenfeldi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia.
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. magus
C .frauenfeldi: In small specimens,
last whorl conical to ventricosely conical. Pattern consists of blackish-brown
axial flames and dotted or dashed spiral lines; spiral lines sometimes sparse,
often with intermittent white dots and dashes. In E. Sumatra shells almost matching
the type specimens of C. frauenfeldi
occur and also intergrade with typical C. magus. They differ from the type
specimens of C. frauenfeldi in an
orange to brown instead of white to pink apex; however this difference is in
the range of variability of C. magus.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus frausseni Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NMPM Original Description
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Visaya
1(1), p. 20
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Aliguay Island, Phillipines
Type Data: Holotype in NMPM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 47 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-frausseni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Aliguay Is, Philippines
Habitat:-Specimens were dredged from a depth in between 80 and 200 m.
Most of the dredgings were done at l00m.
Description:-Source original description Visaya
Medium-sized shell. The profile is conical or ventricosely conical, with a
moderate spire and a rounded shoulder. Outline of the last whorl straight or
sigmoid, slightly pyriform. Outline of the spire rather sigmoid, with a
prominent protoconch. Last whorl with a satin gloss, with closely spaced fine
spiral ribs present in the basal third, becoming less evident towards the upper
part of the last whorl, where they can be eventually absent. The aperture is
rather narrow but wider towards the base.
The colour of the aperture is orange in the holotype and cream-white in the
young. The small number of specimens available does not allow to make a safe
discussion on intraspecific variability.
Discussion:- C . ikedai
Ninomiya, 1987 is the most closely related species. It differs from C. frausseni by its white protoconch,
higher spire, much rounder shoulder, smaller size, less tuberculate teleoconch
and different colouration.
----------
Conus freitasi Tenorio, Afonso, Rolán, Pires,
Vasconcelos, Abalde & Zardoya, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Published in: Zoologia
Caboverdiana 6, 3241 Available at www.scvz.org
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Calhau, Săo Vicente Island, Cabo Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 13.7 x 7.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-freitasi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- he species was found on Săo Vicente Island, Cabo
Verde, in Calhau and Saragaça
Habitat:- Specimens were collected during low tide or by snorkel in
shallow water (0.51m), often found in crevices of black volcanic rocks
Description:-Source Original
Shell very small, broadly and ventricosely conical to broadly ovate in profile.
Spire moderate, most often eroded, of straight profile. Teleoconch whorls flat
or slightly convex with fine cords. Shoulder rounded. Last whorl sides straight
or slightly convex. Spire black with white blotches. Body whorl smooth except
for 610 spiral grooves present on the basal third of the body whorl. Ground
colour of the last whorl black, dark brown or dark olive green. Pattern
consisting of white blotches arranged in spiral bands distributed on the
shoulder and spire, around the midbody, and near the base. There is a narrower
band of white blotches present below the shoulder. Inside of the outer lip dark
brown with two lighter bands. Colour becoming lighter towards the interior of
the aperture, which is bluish white deep within. Shells examined very
homogeneous in size and pattern, but variable in ground colour. Periostracum
very thin, yellow and translucent. Operculum small. Living animal and radula:
adult animal completely black.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus friedae da Motta, 1991
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: La
Conchiglia xxii, no. 258, p. 12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Dutch Bay Point, northwest of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 50.7 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus nobilis
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Eugeniconus Species:-nobilis friedae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bay of Bengal; Indonesia
Habitat:-In 1 to 10 m; on sand bottom with Foraminifera, where water is
clear and with slight currents
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. nobilis.
C. n. friedae from Sri Lanka rather
fine network bordering white dots or tents that tend to be edged darker brown
towards outer lip; brown pattern concentrates in three bands and often contains
white dots alternating with dark brown dots and axial dashes;
Last whorl colour pattern is a rather fine brown network bordering white dots
to medium-sized tents that tend to be edged with darker brown toward the outer
lip. The brown pattern concentrates in 3 spiral bands, near centre and in their
abapical and adapical thirds. The bands often contain spiral rows of white dots
alternating with dark brown dots and axial dashes
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus frigidus Reeve, 1848
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, Suppl., pl. iii, sp. 284
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virgiconus Species:-frigidus
Synonyms:- maltzanianus Weinkauff, 1873
Geographic Range:-Tropical Central and W. Pacific except for Hawaii
Habitat:-On intertidal benches and shallow subtidal reef flats to about
5 m; inhabiting bare beachrock or limestone, beachrock and limestone pavement
with a thin layer of sand or with algal turf, sand-filled depressions, coral
rubble with or without sand, and dead coral heads or rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl conical
or ventricosely conical to broadly conical; outline convex at adapical third to
half, almost straight below. Shoulder angulate, sometimes subangulate or nearly
carinate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to convex.
Teleoconch sutural ramps usually flat; later ramps with 2-4 increasing to 4-5
distinct spiral grooves and additional striae. Last whorl usually with variably
spaced, generally granulose spiral ribs from base to centre or shoulder;
surface seldom largely smooth.
Colour olive to sometimes orangish or pinkish brown. Last whorl usually with a
paler spiral band at or closely below centre and sometimes a second one at
shoulder. Base purplish blue. Larval shell purple. Aperture purple, with paler
bands near centre and below shoulder, often grading to pale blue deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 28-56 mm
RW 0.18-0.40
(L 28-48)
RD 0.61-0.73
PMD 0.78-0.90
RSH 0.08-0.18
Discussion:-C. frigidus is similar
to C. emaciatus and can sometimes
hardly be distinguished from C. flavidus.
C. emaciatus attains somewhat larger size, has a narrower, more conical and
less convex-sided last whorl (RD 0.56-0.62; PMD 0.89-0.94), a generally lower
spire (RSH 0.03-0.14) and a largely white aperture; the colouration of its last
whorl lacks greenish brown tones. C.
flavidus also attains larger size, has a generally more conical, less
convex-sided and smoother last whorl with spiral ribs usually only on the basal
half, a lower spire (RSH 0.01-0.13) and a weaker spiral sculpture on its
sutural ramps; its last whorl is typically yellow to orange brown and
infrequently olive green; pale spiral bands are more often pronounced in C. flavidus.
----------
Conus frisbeyae Clench & Pulley, 1952
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MCZ Mike Filmer
Published in: Tex.
J. Sci. 4, p. 59, pl. A,
f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Campeche Banks, Yucatan, Mexico; ca. 23 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 32.5 x 14.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus armiger
Crosse, 1858
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name frisbeyae
----------
Conus fulgetrum Sowerby ii, 1834
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Illus. pt. 56-7, f. 82
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus miliaris
Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Miliariconus Species:-miliaris fulgetrum forma
Synonyms:- scaber Kiener, 1845
Geographic Range:-Japan to Solomons
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. miliaris
Form fulgetrum differs from typical C. m. miliaris in the dark orange-brown
colouration of its last whorl, with fine brown reticulate lines and narrow
crosshatchings, small spots and axial zigzag flames of white. Spiral rows of
brown and white dots or dashes are absent. Aperture grey to brown, edged with
violet-brown.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus fulmen Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype
in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, pl. 39, sp. 215
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Capul Island, Philippines, (on reefs)
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 71.5 x 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-fulmen
Synonyms:- modestus Sowerby ii, 1833; kirai Kuroda, 1956; wistaria Shikama,
1970; leobottonii Lorenz, 2006
Geographic Range:-S. Japan -
Ryukyus, Japan; Vietnam
Habitat:-In 10-100 mm; typical form to 30 m, form kirai in 35-100 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, less so or straight below.
Shoulder subangulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline
straight to slightly convex. Larval shell of about 2.75 whorls, maximum
diameter about 0.9 mm. About first 4 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch
sutural ramps convex to almost flat, with 2 increasing to 4 spiral grooves in
early whorls, and many spiral striae in later whorls. Last whorl with wrinkled
spiral ribs abapically, often followed by spiral threads.
Colour violet blending with white. Last whorl encircled with continuous, broad
or narrow, violet to tan bands above and below a narrow light band at centre.
Solid or dotted brown spiral lines and dark brown axial blotches and flames
vary in number, arrangement and prominence; form kirai without axial flames and
blotches. Larval whorls orangish red. Teleoconch sutural ramps with variably
broad reddish to blackish brown radial blotches. Aperture white or pale violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 45-80 mm
RW 0.18-0.34 g/mm
(L 45-65 mm)
RD 0.55-0.62
PMD 0.75-0.85
RSH 0.10-0.15
C. f.
fulmen has typically large blotches and deep black on violet
background;
C. f. kirai lacks black blotches and sometimes
spire marks and often has creamy background; deep water variant
Discussion:-
Shells of C. circumcisus lacking the
spiral rows of alternating brown and white maculae also resembling C. fulmen, which can be distinguished by
its broader, consistently ventricosely conical last whorl (RD 0.55-0.62) and its
orange-red instead of white apex. In addition, the brown blotches are darker in
C. fulmen, with a less regular
arrangement on the sutural ramps.
Conus fulmen f. kirai Kuroda, 1956
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paratype
KIMN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Venus
vol. xix, no. 1, p. 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tanoura, Kii, Japan
Type Data: Holotype was in Ito collection and currently assumed to be
lost
Type Size: 65 x 33 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
fulmen Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-fulmen kirai forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Japan; Vietnam
Habitat:-Deep water 35-100 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. fulmen
C. f. kirai lacks black blotches and sometimes
spire and often has creamy background; deep water variant.
----------
Conus fulvobullatus da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1, p. 13, f. 12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled off east coast of Malaysia.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52.5 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magus
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus fulvobullatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-
C. fulvobullatus: Essentially similar
to C. assimilis. i.e. last whorl
ventricosely conical. Greyish blue and white clouds with spiral lines of
alternating brown white dashes. Spire white with brown markings.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus fumigatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers., Vol. 1, p.
704
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: America [erroneous]
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-fumigatus
Synonyms:- blainvillei Kiener,
1845; luctificus Reeve, 1848; pazii Bernardi, 1857; aureolus Sowerby ii, 1858; henoquei Bernardi, 1860; excavatus Sowerby ii, 1866; richardi Fenaux, 1942;
Geographic Range:-Red Sea; Ethiopia
Habitat:-Shallow Water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
conical to broadly conical; outline convex at adapical third, straight below.
Shoulder angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave to
straight. Maximum diameter of larval shell 0.9 mm. Early postnuclear whorls
tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1-2
increasing to 4 spiral grooves, finer and more numerous but weak or even
obsolete on later ramps. Last whorl with weak or obsolete spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour pale grey. Last whorl with a broad grey to brown spiral band on
each side of centre, leaving ground-colour bands at centre and at shoulder.
Dashed and dotted brown spiral lines may extend from base to shoulder, mainly
restricted to colour bands or absent. Base brown, contrasting with paler
adjacent area. Larval whorls pale pink or grey. Teleoconch sutural ramps with
numerous brown radial markings usually extending to subshoulder area. Aperture
translucent, shaded with violet in large specimens.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-69 mm
RW 0.16-0.40 g/mm
(L 30-51 mm)
RD 0.57-0.79
PMD 0.85-0.95
RSH 0.10-0.19
Discussion:-
Conus fumigatus f. excavatus
Sowerby ii, 1866
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Thes.
Conch. iii, p. 326, pl. 25 (286),
f. 616
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
fumigatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-fumigatus excavatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Red Sea; W Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Shallow water.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. excavatus refers to slightly
narrow form with pale pinkish brown bands of colour and three rows of dark
brown dashes around white belt at midbody.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus furnae Rolán, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Iberus
Sup. 2, p. 42, 1, f.
9, pl. 2, f. 9
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Bahia de Furna, Isla de Brava, Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.1 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:- furnae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brava, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found on rocks with weeds, in the cracks and in the cavities
Description:-Source Original description
Morphology of the seashell. The maximum dimension is from 15 to 21 mm. Its
silhouette is somewhat slender with almost straight sides and the shoulder is
well formed and is somewhat angled. Spire a little elevated, sharp apex and a
little concave. Spire whorls not stepped, spiral striae and of the same color that
the seashell. Brown coloring with white spots. The variable pattern and can
display two forms: a) the white spots are few and adopt the form of angles or
tips of arrow that are situated in the middle of the last whorl; from time to
time there is so few white spots that the seashell is practically monochrome;
b) the white spots are more abundant, oval, rhombic, or with irregular forms,
and are distributed in a band with a reticulate aspect in the middle of the
last whorl. The variability is usually between the two forms. White aperture
with in its interior in its upper part, in maturing small shells and in
juvenile specimens, a zone slightly stained brown. Lip constantly dark. Columella
white. Periostracum fine, yellow and transparent.
Discussion:-By the silhouette of the seashell, color of the interior of
the aperture, color of the animal, radular tooth and, above all, by its very
characteristic egg capsule, one must recognize that a conspecific relation
exists with C. verdensis verdensis Trovao,
1979 of the Island Santiago. But the consideration that both they can be in
position subspecific is based on the existence of a series of differences, not
essential but very constant in both cases, and in the existing geographical
separation. These differences are: C.
verdensis verdensis has a seashell with a pattern with white areas extended
in an axial sense, more frequent spots on its spire; besides, the larval
seashell has the coloring of the darker last whorl and its bands are confused.
----------
Conus furvus Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype
2 43.4 x 19.8mm Mike Filmer NHMUK
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, pl. 13, sp. 69
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ticao & Masbate Isles, Philippines, (in sandy mud,
low tide)
Type Data: Syntype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 45.4 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus
Synonyms:- lignarius Reeve, 1843; crepusculum Reeve, 1844; cecilei Kiener, 1845; granifer Reeve, 1849; aegrotus Reeve, 1849; albicans Sowerby ii, 1857; albus Sowerby iii, 1887; polygrammus Tomlin, 1937; nivalis da Motta, 1985; turritinus da Motta, 1985; neobuxeus da Motta, 1991
Geographic Range:-Andaman Is., E. Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea,
Philippines to Japan
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
conical, ventricosely conical or conoid-cylindrical; outline almost straight to
moderately convex. Shoulder usually angulate, smooth to tuberculate. Spire of
low to moderate height, occasionally stepped; outline straight to concave.
Larval shell of about 2.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-1.0 mm. First 4-9
Postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly
concave, with 1-2 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves, sometimes fine and weak on
all ramps. Last whorl variable in sculpture; shells with weak and smooth spiral
ribs on basal fourth intergrade with shells with granulose ribs from base to
shoulder. Surface sculpture uniform in some forms, highly variable in others.
Ground colour white to tan. Pattern of last whorl ranges from uniformly white
to blackish brown spiral banding. Spiral colour bands vary from yellow to
blackish brown; a spiral ground-colour band usually at or just below centre,
another sometimes within apical third, and another rarely on basal third.
Spiral rows of brown dots extend from base to shoulder but vary considerably in
number and arrangement, sometimes fusing into solid spiral or axial lines,
occasionally restricted to spiral ribs or completely absent. Base and siphonal
fasciole sometimes coloured like adjacent part of last whorl, more often
contrasting yellow to pink or brown to purple. Larval shell white, pink or
brown; adjacent postnuclear sutural ramps usually of same colour. Late sutural
ramps white to brown, immaculate or with radial lines and streaks in various
shades of brown; occasionally spire pattern reduced to variably set dots
between shoulder tubercles. Aperture white, brownish or bluish white, often
darker brown to violet-brown at anterior end.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-71 mm
RW 0.10-0.40 g/mm
RD 0.50-0.69
PMD 0.80-0.94
RSH 0.03-0.23
Discussion:-Although C. furvus
is extremely variable in its conchological characters, it is quite distinct
from all other congeners. It appears to be characterized by the isolation of
local populations. Because of the variability within and intergrades among
these populations, it is hard to decide whether they deserve recognition as
geographic subspecies. We regard the following nominal species-group taxa as
forms of C. furvus:
-C. aegrotus : With dotted spiral
lines on white ground. Similar in shape to form cecilei.
-C. albicans : Last whorl conical.
Shoulder often distinctly tuberculate. Colour white, except for violet base;
with sparse remnants of spirally aligned dots on last whorl. Form albicans may be considered a subspecies
from N. Indonesia and Palawan, S.W. Philippines.
-C. albus Completely white. Spire low
(RSH 0.09). Postnuclear whorls tuberculate except for last 2 whorls. Teleoconch
sutural ramps with 3-6 spiral striae in late whorls. Last whorl conical (RD
0.57), with a few spiral ribs at base. RKkK provisionally assign C. albus to C .furvus, because no shell characters justify separation at the
species level. Coomans et al. ( 1980) synonymized C. albus with C . magus.
However, the latter species differs in its stronger spiral sculpture on the
late sutural ramps and its adapically more convex outline of the last whorl.
-C. cecilei: Last whorl conical,
outline slightly convex. Shoulder often undulate. Sculpture of last whorl
consists of minutely granulose spiral ribs at base. Last whorl white to brown,
with spiral rows of dots, brown to brownish violet at base.
-C. crepusculum: Last whorl conical,
outline almost straight; colour of yellow tones; pattern without spiral lines;
base violet.
-C. granifer : Last whorl conical,
outline convex. Shoulder often undulate. Number of tuberculate postnuclear
whorls comparatively high. Granulose spiral ribs often extend from base to
shoulder. Ground colour white to brown. Spiral rows of brown dots on and
between granulose ribs. Intergrades with form cecilei in shape in Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, but differs in
its granulose surface.
-C. lignarius: Lighter brown than
typical form of C. furvus, with a
darker base and solid spiral lines on last whorl.
-C. neobuxeus : Very similar to form cecilei in colour pattern, except for a
lighter base.
-C. nivalis : Last whorl conical to conoid-cylindrical, slightly narrower than
in other forms (RD 0.50-0.58 vs. 0.51-0.63 in most forms). Early postnuclear
whorls with very weak tubercles, teleoconch sutural ramps with fine to obsolete
spiral sculpture. Form nivalis
may be a subspecies of C. furvus,
from the northern shores of the Sibuyan Sea between southern Luzon and northern
Samar.
-C. polygrammus : Essentially similar
to form lignarius.
-C. turritinus: Last whorl
conoid-cylindrical; spire often stepped. Larval shell white. Last whorl
yellowish brown, with a white spiral band at centre and without spiral rows of
dots; base of the same colour as rest of last whorl.
Conus furvus f. aegrotus
Reeve, 1849
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Conch.
Icon. i. Conus. Suppl., pl. v, sp. 250
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: designated (C, M & W) West Negros, Philippines.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49.5 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus
aegrotus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sulu Sea, Philippines
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. furvus
-C. aegrotus : With dotted spiral
lines on white ground.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus furvus. f. albicans Sowerby
ii, 1857
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Thes.
Conch. iii p. 3. pl. 5 (191). f. 98.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None.
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus albicans forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia, Philippines
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. furvus
-C. albicans : Last whorl conical.
Shoulder often distinctly tuberculate. Colour white, except for violet base;
with sparse remnants of spirally aligned dots on last whorl. According to RKK
form albicans may be considered a
subspecies from N. Indonesia and Palawan, S.W. Philippines.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus furvus f. albus Sowerby
iii, 1887
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Thes.
Conch. v, 2nd suppl., p. 274, pl. 36 (512*), f. 76
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 48 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus albus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. furvus
Discussion:-No Data
Conus furvus f. granifer Reeve, 1849
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Icon. i. Conus, Suppl., pl. vii, sp. 272
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 12 mm syntype figured
Nomenclature:
An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus granifer forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. furvus
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
conical, ventricosely conical or conoid-cylindrical; outline almost straight to
moderately convex. Shoulder usually angulate, smooth to tuberculate. Spire of
low to moderate height, occasionally stepped; outline straight to concave.
Larval shell of about 2.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-1.0 mm.First 4-9
Postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly
concave, with 1-2 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves, sometimes fine and weak on
all ramps. Last whorl variable in sculpture; shells with weak and smooth spiral
ribs on basal fourth intergrade with shells with granulose ribs from base to
shoulder. Surface sculpture uniform in some forms, highly variable in others.
Ground colour white to tan. Pattern of last whorl ranges from uniformly white
to blackish brown spiral banding. Spiral colour bands vary from yellow to
blackish brown; a spiral ground-colour band usually at or just below centre,
another sometimes within apical third, and another rarely on basal third.
Spiral rows of brown dots extend from base to shoulder but vary considerably in
number and arrangement, sometimes fusing into solid spiral or axial lines,
occasionally restricted to spiral ribs or completely absent. Base and siphonal fasciole
sometimes coloured like adjacent part of last whorl, more often contrasting
yellow to pink or brown to purple. Larval shell white, pink or brown; adjacent
postnuclear sutural ramps usually of same colour. Late sutural ramps white to
brown, immaculate or with radial lines and streaks in various shades of brown;
occasionally spire pattern reduced to variably set dots between shoulder
tubercles. Aperture white, brownish or bluish white, often darker brown to
violet-brown at anterior end.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-71 mm
RW 0.10-0.40 g/mm
RD 0.50-0.69
PMD 0.80-0.94
RSH 0.03-0.23
-C. granifer : Last whorl conical,
outline convex. Shoulder often undulate. Number of tuberculate postnuclear
whorls comparatively high. Granulose spiral ribs often extend from base to
shoulder. Ground colour white to brown. Spiral rows of brown dots on and
between granulose ribs. Intergrades with form cecilei in shape in Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, but differs in
its granulose surface.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus furvus f. lignarius Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Lond., pt. 11, no. 130
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Port Sacloban, Leyte Is.
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: figured syntype 48 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus lignarius forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:-
C. lignarius: lighter brown than
typical form of C. furvus, with a
darker base and solid spiral lines on last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus furvus f. neobuxeus da
Motta, 1991
Pictures:
Picture Link: Martini 1773,
pl. 59, f.657
Published in: La
Conchiglia xxii, no. 258, p. 73
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.(C.
buxeus Reeve, 1844)
Type Data:
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. buxeus Reeve, 1844.
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus furvus
Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus neobuxeus forma
Synonyms:- buxeus Reeve, 1844
Geographic Range:-Japan
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:-C. neobuxeus :
Very similar to form cecilei in
colour pattern, except for a lighter base.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus furvus f. nivalis
da Motta, 1985
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 4 p. 5, pl. 1, f. 4a-b
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ragay Gulf, Southern Luzon, Philippines.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46.7 x 20.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus nivalis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:-C. nivalis : Last
whorl conical to conoid-cylindrical, slightly narrower than in other forms (RD
0.50-0.58 vs. 0.51-0.63 in most fonns). Early postnuclear whorls with very weak
tubercles, teleoconch sutural ramps with fine to obsolete spiral sculpture.
Form nivalis may be a subspecies of C.
furvus, from the northern shores of the Sibuyan Sea between southern Luzon
and northern Samar.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus
furvus f. polygrammus Tomlin,
1937
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NMWC Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc.
Mal. Soc. Lond. xxii. part 4 p. 206.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known. (C.
multilineatus Sowerby,1875).
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued(C.multilineatus)
Type Size :39 x 20.5 mm
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. multilineatus Sowerby, 1875.
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus polygrammus forma
Synonyms:- multilineatus Sowerby iii, 1875
Geographic Range:-W. Pacific
Habitat:-Deep water
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. furvus
-C. polygrammus : essentially similar
to form lignarius
Discussion:-No Data
Conus furvus f. turritinus
da Motta, 1985
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 4 p. 1, pl.
1, f. 1a-b
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled off eastern coast of Malayan Peninsula, S. China
Sea
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 57 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus turritinus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Malaya
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:- C. turritinus:
Last whorl conoid-cylindrical; spire often stepped. Larval shell white. Last
whorl yellowish brown, with a white spiral band at centre and without spiral
rows of dots; base of the same colour as rest of last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus fuscatus Born, 1778
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in NHMW Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ind.
Rer. Nat. Mus. Caes. Vind., p. 126
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mauritius, from Martini (1773); Guinea, from Regenfuss
(1758)
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMW deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus imperialis
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhombiconus Species:-imperialis
fuscatus forma
Synonyms:- dautzenbergi Fenaux,
1942; douvillei Fenaux, 1942
Geographic Range:-E. Africa; Mauritius
Habitat:-Intertidal to 240 m
Description:-
The name C. fuscatus applies to specimens
of Conus imperialis from the W. Indian Ocean having a narrower
last whorl, usually darker colouration, and irregular pattern with mainly axial
orientation. This form occurs sympatrically with the typical form in Kenya and
Zanzibar (in slighly greater depths) as well as Mozambique (in different
microhabitats). The two forms intergrade in colour pattern and shape (RD
0.50-0.63 in form fuscatus and
0.57-0.68 in sympatric typical shells; PMD 0.87-0.97 and 0.84-0.92). RKK therefore
regard C. fuscatus as a form of C. imperialis and not as a sibling
species or geographic subspecies.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus fuscoflavus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NMSF Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Cone
Shells form Cape Verde Is., p. 71, f. 38-41
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Sal-Rei, Boavista Is., Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in NMSF deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20.3 x 12.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-fuscoflavus
Synonyms:- fantasmalis Rolán,
1990; messiasi Rolán & Fernandes,
1990; silviae Cossignani, 2014; christinapessoae Cossignani
& Fiadeiro, 2017; gallopalvoi Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017; tarafensis Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017; see
Discussion
Geographic Range:-Boavista,
Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source: Cone shells from the Cape Verde Islands Röckel,
Rolán, Monteiro 1980
A rather pyriform shell, with a horny yellow ground colour, totally devoid of
pattern in all specimens studied. The anterior end of the shell and the first
post-embryonic whorls are constantly dark brown. The body whorl is smooth,
except for several spiral grooves near its anterior end. The spire whorls
present two extremely shallow spiral striae, clearly seen only under
magnification.The aperture is whitish, except for the presence of a purplish
brown dot deep inside, on its middle portion. The lip is bordered in yellowish
brown
Discussion:
Proposed new species Conus fuscoflavus Röckel, Rolŕn & Monteiro, 1980
Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails
(Gastropoda: Conidae)
based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for
conservation Tenorio, Abalde,
Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020
----------
Conus fuscolineatus Sowerby iii, 1905
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Proc.
Mal. Soc. Lond. vi, p. 282, text-fig. 6,
2
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Sierra Leone, (probably erroneous), designated (Rolán
& Röckel) Ponta de Noronha, near Moçamedes Bay, Angola, this seems to be a
mere comment not a specific designation
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 12.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-fuscolineatus
Synonyms:- lobitensis
Kaicher, 1977
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Buried in sand at 1-2 m deep near rocks or in rock crevices
Description:-Source Röckel 2000
Shell description: Small to moderately small, moderately solid. Last whorl
ventricosely conical to ovate, outline convex at adapical third, straight or
slightly convex below. Left side slightly concave near base. Aperture wider at
base than near shoulder. Shoulder rounded. Spire of low to moderate height,
outline straight to slightly sigmoid. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to convex,
with fine spiral striae. Last whorl smooth and dull, with few spiral grooves at
base.
Ground colour greenish white. Last whorl with about 20 brown spiral lines, here
and there interrupted and in the central area changing to dotted or dashed
rows. Irregular brown flecks and streaks may be present. Aperture dark or light
brown with two white spiral bands at shoulder and base.
Shell morphometry:
L 19-27 mm
RD 0.63-0.69
RSH 0.06-0.16
PMD 0.70-0.73
RW 0.12 g/mm
Discussion:-Only the population of Ponta de Noronha corresponds exactly
with the holotype.
There are other populations along the Angolan coast with similar morphological
characters. Whether they are local forms of this species or distinct species
can not definitively answered at present. Therefore, R. provisionally considers
only the Ponta de Noronha population representing C. fuscolineatus. Future studies will shed more light upon this. C. variegatus may be similar in shape
and pattern, but lacks the greenish ground colour and the unfinished brown
spiral lines.
C. chytreus has a similar shape and
pattern, but its spiral lines are continuous and not interrupted, its ground
colour is white and the shell is also white inside the aperture.
----------
Conus fuscoolivaceus Dautzenberg, 1937
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer
Published in: Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. Ii, fasc.
18, p. 62, pl. I,
f. 8
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tjilaoet Eureun, W. Java
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30.4 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
catus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-catus fuscoolivaceus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia
Habitat:-Intertidal reefs
Description:-Source Living Conidae C.
catus
C. fuscoolivaceus is mainly dark
brown with black spiral lines and scattered patches of white; spire is rounded
and quite high.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus fustigatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 623
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Indian Ocean
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus pulicarius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Discussion: Currently dealers
are offering dark patterned specimens as fustigatus.
These specimens do not match the lectotype.
----------
Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to all images remains with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals. The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on home page.