Conus laccadivensis Laxmilatha, Ameri, Labeeb, Ranjith & Kathivelpandian, 2021
Pictures:
Picture Link Holotype
Published in: Regional
Studies in Marine Science 44 (2021) 101783; fig. 1, 2 & 3 (3-4 & 9)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Kalpeni Island, Lakshadweep archipelago, Arabian Sea,
Central Indian Ocean
Type Data: Holotype in Marine Biodiversity Museum, Central Marine
Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
Type Size: 100 x 51 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species (although it is unsure what the status is due
to the online publication)
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhombiconus Species:-laccadivensis
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Only known from the Kalpeni and Andrott Islands of the
Lakshadweep archipelago
Habitat:-Shallow areas of coral reefs up to 10 m
Description:-
The shell moderately large ranging from (79–109 mm); solid and heavy. The shell
10 to 13 whorls; spire low (RSH: 0.11– 0.12 mm).; protoconch is broken in all
the examined specimens. Outline convex to strongly convex near shoulder,
straight below. Shoulder broad, angulated, with heavy rounded coronations;
coronation large widely spaced, rounded. Last whorl conical
(RD: 0.59–0.61 mm) with position of maximum diameter (PMD) ranging from 0.85 to 0.87 mm. Aperture moderately narrow, slightly extended anteriorly, outer lip sharp, concave at the middle. Columella short, narrow. Shell light grey in colour with a prominent white middle band closely below centre and at shoulder. Mouth dark violet or blackish violet. Periostracum is brown, thick and rough. Operculum horny, 20.6 mm length and width 3.8 mm.
Discussion:-
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Conus laevis Gmelin, 1791
Pictures:
Picture LinkC. laevis, Bohol. GCSM
picture
Published in: Syst.
Nat. 13th ed. Vol. 1, pt, p. 3391
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Valentyn
(1773, pl. 8, fig. 70)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus circumcisus Born, 1778
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-circumcisus laevis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-In 4-200 m; in sand, coral rubble, clefts of coral reefs or on
lagoon pinnacles, beneath dead coral rocks.
Description:
C.
laevis with large reddish brown blotches
Discussion:-No Data
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Conus lamberti Souverbie, 1877
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MHNB Bill Fenzan
Published in: J.
Conchyl. xxv, p. 71, pl. I, f. 1. and pl. ii
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ouvea Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNB deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 107 x 53 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-lamberti
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 30-100 m; on sloping sand bottoms
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid. Last whorl conical, outline convex below
shoulder, slightly concave centrally, otherwise straight. Shoulder subangulate.
Spire low, outline concave. First 5-6 postnuclear whorls tuberculate.
Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 2 increasing to 3-5 spiral grooves,
turning into striae in latest whorls. Last whorl with a few spiral ribs at
base.
Colour light brown to reddish brown. Last whorl with small and medium-sized,
separate or overlappig white tents and flecks, concentrated at centre, below
shoulder and at base. Postnuclear sutural ramps with white radial streaks and
blotches. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 70-114 mm
RW -0.35 g/mm
(L 73 mm)
RD 0.50-0.53
PMD 0.89-0.95
RSH 0.07-0.12
Discussion:-C. lamberti is
similar to the form magister of C. crocatus. The latter can be
distinguished by its broader last whorl (RD 0.55-0.64), by having about 2
weakly tuberculate (instead of 5-6 distinctly tuberculate) postnuclear whorls,
a convex rather than concave teleoconch sutural ramps, and a rounded rather
than subangulate shoulder. The two species also differ in the colour pattern of
their animals.
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Conus
lamyi Rabiller & Richard, 2019
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN
Published in: Xenophora
Taxonomy 24, p. 24, Pl. 10, fig. 1-14
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Est la Désirade, Guadeloupe Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23,7 x 11,5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-lamyi
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:- The species is currently known from Guadeloupe (North
Grande
Terre) and La
Désirade (East),
Habitat:- in depths of 100 to 260 m
Description:-
Shell of conical shape, emaciated, with a medium low spire and a concave
profile. The shell is light; its aperture is fragile, as is its protoconch. The
latter, always incomplete, is of the multispiral type. Two to three whorls
could be observed in two specimens. It is smooth, globular, slightly shining,
which contrasts with the postnuclear whorls that show a grayish hue approaching
mauve. They are coronate, nodulous, and the coronation is uniform. The spire,
consisting of five separated whorls with well-marked sutures, presents five to
six spiral cords. Contrary to many species, in which one finds structures of
furrows «dug» on the spire, here the cords form a relief, as though laid on the
spire. The cords have thin sparse axial gashes. The background colour of the
spire is off white, with fine axial waving light brown lines. The shoulder is
angular and more or less pinched. The last whorl is smooth and in most
specimens it presents the endings of the waving lines on the spire. The
concavity of the sides of the last whorl gives the shell its slender profile.
The ornamentation of the shell consists in a complex composition and hence
provides a beautiful variability. The anterior part is dark brown, with a
lighter area before it. In the central portion, the white background is
irregularly framed by variable markings in different shades of brown, and it is
also bordered by two light brown zones,
irregularly ordered. Finally, the posterior area often develops axial waving markings, although sometimes some overlapping lines of dots are present. Independently, specimens show spiral lines of tiny dark brown points that spread along the several levels of the last whorl. The aperture
was broken in all specimens available for study, but a close examination suggests that it is slightly sigmoid. It is narrow, with a white background colour, but the external dark brown of the anterior end can be seen through. The anal canal begins at the shoulder, and it is deep and rather large. It starts obliquely in a gentle slope before straightening up and widening. This peculiar shape is constant in every specimen.
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Conus lani Crandall, 1979
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in TMGS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Quarterly
J. Taiwan Museum 32, p. 113, figs. 1
& 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Near Tiao-yu-tai, NE Taiwan; 75 m
Type Data: Holotype in TMGS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 21.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-lani
Synonyms:- nigrostriatus
Kosuge, 1979
Geographic Range:-Taiwan, Philippines, Solomon Is., and Loyalty Is., and
New Caledonia
Habitat:-Reported from depths of
75-500 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized, moderately solid. Last- whorl usually conical, outline nearly
straight. Shoulder subangulate to indistinct. Spire high, outline straight to
slightly convex. Larval shell of almost 2 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.9
mm. First 4-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps nearly
flat, with 2-3 increasing to 5-7 spiral grooves, weaker in late whorls. Last
whorl with fine spiral ribs from base to shoulder, sometimes obsolete
adapically and minutely granulose at base.
Colour light to dark brown, with scattered white mark ings on last-whorl and
late sutural ramps. In some specimens, white markings form an indistinct spiral
band below centre of last whorl. Larval whorls and first 2-4 teleoconch sutural
ramps white. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 41-54 mm
RW 0.10-0.14 g/mm
RD 0.50-0.55
PMD 0.84-0.89
RSH 0.23-0.29
Discussion:-C. lani resembles C. smirna in shape, but the latter
species attains larger size, its last whorl has a slightly pyriform outline,
and it lacks uniform brown colouration with scattered white spots.
C. lani is a smaller species (to 54
mm) than C. profundorum, with a
narrower, more conical last whorl (RD 0.50-0.55; PMD 0.84-0.89) with straighter
outline, flat late sutural ramps and a plain brown colouration with white
spots.
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Conus lapulapui da Motta & Martin, 1982
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Carf.
Phil. Shell News 4 (3), p. 4, fig. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Visayan Sea Between Malapascua Is. & Bantayan Is.,
Philippines; 20-40 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22.5 x 11.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
eugrammatus Bartsch & Rheder, 1943
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-eugrammatus lapulapui forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Offshore in 35-500 m
Description:-
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus largillierti Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Representation Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Spec.
Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 212, pl. 98,
f. 3 and pl. 101, f. 1
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Gulf of Mexico
Type Data: There is a cited figure : Coq. Viv., pl. 98, f. 3
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-largillierti
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Florida, S. Carolina, Mexico
Habitat:-Dredged at depths of 30
to 50 m
Description:-Source Vink.
A heavy shell, 35 to 45 mm, with high, concave-sided spire. Body whorl convex,
tapering to a narrow base, and smooth, except for spiral ridges near the base.
Shoulder sharply angled, spire whorls smooth, slightly stepped and flat above,
Nucleus: 1.5 whorls, first 3 to 4 postnuclear whorls with larger tops than
sides and coronated; coronation often not apparent because of erosion. Body
whorl white with large pale red brown maculations or pale brown bands and
spiral rows of brown dots placed very close together and here and there merging
to dashes. Spiral of larger dots and dashes alternate with spiral of smaller
dots.
Discussion:-C. largillierti
could be confused with C. spurius
(which has the shoulder roundly angulate and the later spire whorls with
rounded margins and concave above), C.
sennottorum (which is more turnip- shaped, with 12 postnuclear whorls
instead of 9 to 10, and with equal tops and sides of the early postnuclear
whorls) and C. anabathrum burryae from
Yucatan (which is more slender with a lower, less concave sided spire).
Note lectotype rep. fig. elected by Kohn but potential syntypes in MNHN.
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Conus lariniorum Lorenz, 2020
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Feliz
Lorenz
Published in: Conchylia
51 (1-2); P. 13-17; Pl. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Abu Ramada Island, Hurghada, Egypt
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 54.8 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-lariniorum
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Red Sea
Habitat:-Habitat is a vital coral reef with sandy patches, where it is
found under coral slabs partly buried in sand during daytime, at 1 to 15 metres
Description:-
The shell is solid, ventricosely conical, with a rounded, smooth shoulder and a
silky texture. The widest point is in the middle of the shell. The spire is
moderately high, with flat sutural ramps showing indistinct longitudinal growth
lines but no discernible spiral striae on the laret teleoconch whorls. thesre
are two rather deep spiral striae on the first three teleoconch whorls, whose
shoulders are slightly stepped and coronated. The tip of the protoconch of the
holotype is lacking. The body whorl is finely striated with variably spaced
spiral threads. The aperture is slightly widened anreriorly.
The ground colour of the body whorl , the protoconch and the firstfour teleoconch whorls, as well as the inside of the aperture are plain white. The darker pattern is of a reddish brown colour. It covers most of the spire and the shoulder of the body whorl, with only a few isolated white tentmarks, mainly on the last sutural ramp. The body whorl is covered with angular, overlapping tentmarks with narrow outlines. These are two transverse areas of compact darker pattern: a broad one running across the mid-section, and a half as broad one in the anterior third. These zones are interrupted longitudinally by narrow areas of tentmarks. Within the darker, compact zones there are narrow stripes of darker colour with paler intermittent dashes, correlated with the transverse striae.
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Conus laterculatus Sowerby, 1870
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 255, pl. 22,
f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Graphiconus Species:-laterculatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines; Borneo
Habitat:-Reported from depths of 50-240 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid. Last whorl narrowly
conoid-cylindrical to narrowly conical, rarely conical to ventricosely conical;
outline slightly convex on adapical third, straight below. Basal part of
columella often deflected to left. Shoulder angulate to sharply angulate. Spire
of low to moderate height, outline slightly concave to straight. Maximum
diameter of larval shell about 0.8 mm. First 3- 4 teleoconch spire whorls
weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1
increasing to 4-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with axially striate spiral
grooves from base to shoulder and variably broad ribbons between; toward base,
grooves wider and partially with a spiral thread, infervening ribbons sometimes
weakly granulose; below shoulder, ribbons narrow or grading to ribs.
Ground colour white, often suffused with beige or violet. Last whorl with brown
dots, dashes and flecks on the spiral ribbons, concentrated in an interupted
spiral band above and below centre. Larval whorls greyish white. Teleoconch
spire with curved radial brown streaks and blotches. Aperture bluish violet,
demarcated by a darker collabral band from a white marginal zone.
Shell Morphometry
L 41-64 mm
RW 0.11-0.25 g/mm
RD 0.42-0.51
PMD 0.80-0.88
RSH 0.10-0.16
Discussion:-C. laterculatus is
very similar to C. australis australis,
which differs in its larger size (L to 105 mm), its generally higher higher
spire (RSH 0.14-0.21), less angulate shoulder, and more prominent and granulose
spiral elevations on the last whorl. C.
laterculatus generally lacks the axial streaks and flames characteristic of
the last whorl of C. australis, and the aperture of C. laterculatus is darker.
C. laterculatus can be distinguished
from C. sculpturatus by its angulate
to sharply angulate rather than carinate shoulder, straighter spire outline and
smaller number of spiral grooves (4-5) on the late sutural ramps; its last
whorl is sculptured with ribbons rather than ribs and has straight rather than
concave left side basally; its aperture is bluish-violet.
Conus laterculatus f. sogodensis
Poppe, Monnier
& Tagaro, 2012
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in NMPM Eric Monnier
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Visaya
3 (5), 49
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Sogod, Cebu, Philippines, (muddy sand bottom, 180 - 250
mtrs)
Type Data: Holotype in NMPM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52 x 21.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A color form of Conus
laterculatus; described as a valid species
Current Group Names:-
Genus:-Graphiconus Species:- laterculatus sogodensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sogod, Philippines
Habitat:-Found in sand at 180-250 m
Description:-Source Original description
The protoconch is
tilted, multispiral, with two and a half light brown glossy whorls. The spire
is moderately high, with a slightly concave outline and has an angulate
shoulder. The relative diameter (RD) is 0.47; the position of the maximum
diameter (PMD) is 0.81. The shape of the shell is narrowly conoid cylindrical.
The shoulder is broadly carinate and smooth. The last whorl is covered with
around 25 spiral grooves. The base color of the shell is creamy white, also the
in- side of the aperture. A pattern of irregular light orange- brown blotches
covers the body whorl. These irregular bands are formed on the body whorl,
where the blotches become slightly larger and more condensed. The pattern
disappears towards the siphonal canal.
Discussion:-A comparison suggests that C. laterculus is very similar but has a violet tint and darker
brown markings in fresh specimens.
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Conus laudelinoi
Crabos & Pomponet
Olivera, 2021
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP
Published in: Xenophora
Taxonomy 32, P. 43-47, Fig. 1, Pl. 1, fig. 0- 9b; Pl. 2 fg. 8a
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: Itapua Beach, Salvador City, Bahia State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 14 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-JASPIDICONUS
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-laudelinoi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brazil, only known from Itapua beach
Habitat:-
Description:-: Holotype and paratypes are beached specimens.
A small species, from 10 to 15 mm. it is charactarized by the same shape as J. itapua but can get thinner, it has a constant pattern from ivory to tan, but the more frequent colour is straw, with discrete white patches and nodules on the shoulder.
----------
Conus laueri Monnier & Limpalaër, 2013
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in SMNS Eric Monnier
Published in: Visaya
4 (1), p. 85-94, pl. 1, Pl. 2 & Pl. 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates, in the South Eastern
Persian Gulf
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 60.2 x 27.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:- laueri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Persian Gulf
Habitat:-In five meters under coral
Description:-Source Original description
The shell is conical to ventricosely conical. Protoconch seems to be white as are the first teleoconch whorls. The spire is convex in the first whorls and becomes progressively straighter. The sutural ramps are smooth without spiral grooves and of convex profile. The adult shell has about 11 whorls. The anal noth is moderately deep and U-shaped. The pattern of the spire is identical with that of the body whorl and is mostly visible on the four last whorls.
The last whorl shape is conical with slightly attenuated anterior part. The periphery is rounded. The surface is apparently smooth but appears under magnification to be very finely cancellate giving the shells the aspect of corded paper with a silky gloss. There is no sculpture at the anterior end. The aperture is long and widens regularly towards the end.
The ground color of
the shell is ivory white covered with reddish to dark brown chevrons. There are
faint spiral lines into the brown pattern. The white background forms crowded
tents of various sizes and shapes that are evenly distributed over the last
whorl. Overall, the pattern is reminiscent of a dislocating ice shelf. The dead
collectedshells have a faded orange color.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus laurenti Rabiller & Richard, 2019
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN
Published in: Xenophora
Taxonomy 24, p. 27, Pl. 9, fig. 11-14
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Sud Guadeloupe
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21,3 x 10,4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species, only known by the holotype
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:- laurenti
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Guadeloupe
Habitat:-
Description:-
Shell conical, pinched shoulder and slightly emaciated sides. Protoconch
paucispiral, with 1.5 whorls, smooth, off white, followed by 1.5 whitish
postnuclear whorls, nodulose and sensibly carinated in the median portion. The
rest of the spire, which is rather low, has 6.5 whorls, whose stepping fades
regularly from the apex towards the shoulder, which gives it a rather pyramidal
aspect on the upper part, appearing to subside as it approaches the shoulder.
It has a fine dense axial sculpture and three spiral grooves that are large but
discrete. It is decorated with a few radial brown bands, irregularly arranged.
The last whorl is entirely smooth, and the white background is decorated with
nine spiral rows of brown, orange, or yellow dots, dashes and chevrons, which
spread along two thirds of the length of the shell. Some yellowish brown clouds
are scattered on the background. Four basal folds, two of which are double,
decorate discreetly the anterior ending. The aperture is white, narrow, with
parallel sides, the cloudy external decoration of the last whorl appearing on
the edge of the lip. The anal canal is narrow and separated from the shoulder
by a slight callosity, plunging obliquely towards the interior of the shell.
The specimen was dredged fresh dead.
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Conus lautus Reeve, 1844
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, pl. 46, f. 255
Ocean geography: Undefined
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus mozambicus Hwass in Bruguiere,
1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-mozambicus lautus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South Africa; Indian Ocean Cape Agulhas to E. London
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Iconography
Shell thin and light-weighted, moderately small to medium-sized, in general
smaller than the nominal form. In form lautus
the last whorl is broader, rather ovate in shape, with convex sides and a
rounded shoulder. The spire is usually lower, with a straight to convex
profile. Sutural ramps as in the nominal form, with spiral grooves. Ground
color also variable, from pure white to dark brown. The pattern is very
variable, with a strong tendency to show interrupted spirallines of altemating
brown and white bars, sometimes contrasting against a reddish brown ground
color, providing an attractive appearance to the shell. Aperture most often of
a pale violet color.
Discussion:-C. mozambicus f. lautus applies to
specimens of C. mozambicus having
broad, low-spired shells. Specimens belonging to this form occur more
frequently in the Indian Ocean, suggesting possibly an extreme clinal
variation. However they co-occur with standard C. mozambicus all along its
distribution range, ruling out subspecific status.
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Conus lecourtorum Lorenz, 2012
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Schriften
zur Malakozoologie 26, 37
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cargados Carajos Shoal, St Brandon, Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size:16.1mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-lecourtorum
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mauritius
Habitat:-Shallow water.
Description:-Source Original description
The shell is small and solid, slightly ventricose, posterior slightly convex.
The spire is moderately high and distinctly stepped with straight profile.
Protoconch of three whorls of which the first is smoooth, the following finely
and distinctly tuberculate. There are 6 teleoconch whorls of which the sutural
ramps are flat with three or four spiral ribs and prominent tubercles which
extend across the angular shoulder onto the body whorl where they form shallow
transverse ridges. The ground colour is plain white. There are two transverse
zones of irregular reddish patches. In some specimens the patches are more
distinct and joined by transverse lines of same colour. There are small white
zigzag dashes within the patches.
Discussion:-Similar to C. axelrodi
but the tubercles and shell structure, the coloration and stepped spire
differentiate C. lecourtorum.
----------
Conus leehmani Röckel & da Motta, 1979
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: La
Conchiglia xi, no. 122-123, p. 17
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 65.3 x 34 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
gubernator Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-gubernator leehmani forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Maldives, Laccadive Islands
Habitat:-Intertidal to 60 m
Description:-
Form leehmani : ground colour white
to cream. Last whorl with a yellowish brown spiral band on each side of centre;
an additional spiral band may be present below shoulder. Spiral colour bands
separate or connected by a variable number of identically coloured axial
streaks to broad bands. Dark or reddish brown spots or axial streaks or
blotches mostly over spiral bands; markings usually sparse and irregularly
spaced, occasionally absent. Siphonal fasciole white or tinged with yellow.
Larval and first 1-4 postnuclear sutural ramps orange. Following sutural ramps
with reddish brown radial blotches. Aperture white, pale orange deep within in
some specimens.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus leekremeri Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in USNM Alan
Kohn
Published in: New
Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 54, pl. 9, figs. 7 &
8
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off S coast of Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas; 240 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-leekremeri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-Found at depths around 200 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell thin, elongated, with high, widely scalariform spire; body whorl shiny,
highly polished, ornamented with numerous low, rounded, spiral cords; cords
become large and more numerous around the anterior end; spire whorls ornamented
with 4 large, spiral threads; spire whorls concave, producing canaliculated
whorls; canaliculate spire edged with low, rounded carina along edge of
shoulder; carina follows edge of suture on canaliculate spire whorls; sides of
body whorl distinctly concave and indented, producing an emaciated, waisted
appearance; aperture long and very narrow; body whorl, spire, and interior of
aperture pure white; periostracum thin, transparent yellow.
Discussion:-Conus leekremeri is
closest to the widespread western Atlantic C.
villepini Fischer and Bernardi, but differs in being a smaller, more
elongated shell with much more concave sides, and by having a lower,and
distinctly canaliculate, spire. Conus
villepini is also a more colorful shell, with many large brown flammules,
while C. leekremeri is pure white.
Tucker indicates
that he thinks it is juvenile of C.
villepini.
----------
Conus legatus Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Kiener, 1845, pl. 89, fig. 3
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Ann.
du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 437
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mers des Grandes Indes
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Kiener,
1845, pl. 89, fig. 3
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-legatus
Synonyms:- musivum Sowerby
ii, 1833
Geographic Range:-Mozambique, Seychelles, Reunion and W. Thailand to
Okinawa, Marshall Is., and French Polynesia; absent from Australia and from
Hawaii
Habitat:-In 3-50 m; on coral reef from the reef lagoon to the outer reef
slope, in sand, coral rubble, caves and on dead coral
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, usually moderately solid to solid. Last
whorl ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical; outline convex to nearly
straight adapically, slightly concave (left side) and slightly convex to
straight (right side) below. Shoulder rounded to nearly angulate. Spire of
moderate height, outline straight to slightly convex. Larval shell of 2.5-3.5
whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 1.5-4 postnuclear whorls
tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 0-1
increasing to 2-3 weak spiral grooves usually replaced by many spiral striae in
latest whorls. Last whorl with rather widely spaced, occasionally granulose
spiral ribs basally.
Ground colour white, tinged with rose. Last whorl with a network of fine brown
lines and yellowish brown blotches. Lines forming zones of overlapping tiny to
medium-sized ground-colour tents with irregularly scattered white tents;
tentmark zones grouped in axial rows and bands as well as in 3 less prominent
spiral bands, below shoulder, at centre and at base. Yellowish brown blotches
predominantly axially arranged, but also in 2 broad spiral bands, interspersed
with blackish brown axial streaks and flecks. Larval whorls brown, sometimes
pinkish violet. First 2-3 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate white or pinkish
violet. Following ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white
or pinkish violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 32-63 mm
RW 0.09-0.41 g/mm
(L 32-60 mm)
RD 0.50-0.59
PMD 0.76-0.85
RSH 0.15-0.22
Discussion:-C. legatus is
similar to C. canonicus, C. aureus
paulucciae. C. canonicus differs
in its more prominent spiral sculpture on the late sutural ramps and its white
ground colour that is often tinged with blue. Its colour pattern lacks
yellowish brown blotches, overlaid with blackish brown streaks. C. a. paulucciae is generally larger,
has a generally narrower last whorl (RD 0.46-0.53), a distinctly more prominent
spiral sculpture on the late sutural ramps, and less prominent blackish brown
axial markings within the yellowish brown blotches.
----------
Conus lemniscatus Reeve, 1849
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, Suppl., pl. v, sp. 246
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 18.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-lemniscatus
Synonyms:- sagittatus Sowerby ii, 1865; clenchi Martins, 1943; carcellesi Martins, 1945; xanthocinctus Petuch, 1980
Geographic Range:-Brazil
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-70 m
Description:-Source Vink
C. lemniscatus closely resembles C. clerii, but in general is somewhat
smaller, length up to 50 mm. Typical specimens are more slender with a more
straight-sided spire. The body whorl is straight to convex with spiral ridges
near the base, which in some spcimens may cover the body whorl. Shoulder
roundly angulate, early spire whorls convex, later spire whorls flat to
slightly concave and not stepped in typical C.
lemniscatus. Nucleus: 1.5 whorls. The first 2 postnuclear whorls, normally
smooth, may show irregular coronation (but not the regular axial sculpture of C. clerii). The colour pattern is like
that of C. clerii; in most specimens
of typical C. lemniscatus the axial
flames are lighter coloured and cover larger areas so that the spiral lines of
dark squares become prominent. However, there are specimens of C. clerii with the same colour pattern,
and the only way to distinguish the two species without any doubt is by
comparing the early spire whorls
Discussion:-C. lemniscatus was
used erroneusly for shells now considered C.
dictator from Indian Ocean.
Conus lemniscatus f.
carcellesi Martins, 1945
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MNRJ MNRJ
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Notas
Mus. La Plata Zool. x, no. 88, p. 260,
pl. f. A-G2
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Type Data: Holotype in MNRJ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
lemniscatus Reeve, 1849
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-lemniscatus carcellesi subsp.
Synonyms:- iheringi Frenguelli, 1946
Geographic Range:-Urugauy, Argentina
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-70 m
Description:-
Discussion:-Da Motta (1981) considered C. carcellesi a full species, and drew attention to a number of
morphological differences: the shell is smaller, 30 to 45 mm, and wider, with a
more convex body whorl and a relatively higher spire, which is rather straight
and often stepped. These differences can be found in main population.
Tucker comments:- In samples that I examined, the spire of L. l. lemniscatus is not as elevated as the spire of L. l. carcellesi. Without belaboring the
details, I found that these differences are statistically significant in the
sample I have at hand. Consequently, I agree with Vink in recognizing L. l. carcellesi as a subspecies of L. lemniscatus.
Conus lemniscatus f.
clenchi Martins, 1943
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNRJ Mike Filmer
Published in: Bol.
Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Serie. Zool. n,
p. 2 & 3, Text, f.
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Barra do Furado, Municipio de Campos, State of Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil; At shore line.
Type Data: Holotype in MNRJ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
lemniscatus Reeve, 1849
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-lemniscatus clenchi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Uruguay, Argentina
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-See C.lemniscatus
Discussion:-No Data
Conus
lemniscatus f. xanthocinctus Petuch,
1980
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MORG John Tucker
Picture Link Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. xcix, no. 1, p. 13,
f. 11 & 12
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Cabo Frio, Rio de Janiero, Brazil; trawled in 100 m
Type Data: Holotype in MORG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 47 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus lemniscatus Reeve, 1849
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-lemniscatus xanthocinctus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brazil
Habitat:-Found at depths of 35 to100 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell elongate, slender, thin and fragile; spire protracted, stepped; body
whorl and spire smooth, shiny; shoulder only slightly produced, rounded,
anterior end of shell with few weak spiral striae; aperture narrow; shell color
bright golden-yellow with three darker; orange-yellow bands, one just below
shoulder, one around mid-body, and one around anterior end; mid-body band
darkest, deep orange colored; bands overlaid with 12-14 spiral rows of brown
dashes and scattered white flammules; spire golden-yellow with numerous
crescent-shaped tan flammules; shoulder and suture of spire whorls ornamented
with bands of alternating dark tan and white flammules; interior of aperture
pale golden colored; periostracum thin:, smooth, translucent yellow; operculum
-small, oval
Discussion:-This distinctive new species could only be confused with the
sympatric C. clenchi Martins, 1943,
and then only in general shell shape. The bright golden color bands arid
characteristic shoulder coloration readily separates C. xanthocinctus from C.clenchi.
Now considered a synonym of C. lemniscatus.
----------
Conus
lemuriana Monnier, Tenorio, Bouchet & Puillandre, 2018
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in
MNHN
Published in: Xenophora
Taxonomy 19; p. 33-34; Pl. 2, figs. 1-6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: South Madagascar, South of Pointe Barrow, 155-156 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37.5 x 13.4 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species:-lemuriana
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South and North-West Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius
Habitat:-between 48 and 156 m
Description:-
Shell moderately small to medium-sized, conical to narrowly conical in shape with a concave, scaraiform and rather high spire. The protoconch is small and paucispiral of about 2 whorls. Teleoconch sutural ramp concave with radial threads and about 5 spiral striae and grooves. Five early postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Shoulder broadly carinate. Left side of the last whorl sigmoid, giving the shell a slightly pyriform-elongated aspect. Aperture narrow and uniform in width. Last whorl weakly sculptured with about 23 to 25 axially striate grooves and flat ribbons, absent or obsolete near the shoulder. Colour pattern of the last whorl concisting of interrupted pure white spiral rows of bars alternating with brown dots on the ribbons. Brown blotches arranged in three spiral bands on an ivory colored background.
----------
Conus lemuriensis Wils & Delsaerdt, 1989
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer
Published in: Gloria
Maris xxviii, no. 6, p. 105
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Reunion Is.
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 110.4 x 35.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus milneedwardsi Jousseaume, 1894
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-milneedwardsi lemuriensis subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Reunion; Mauritius
Habitat:-C. m. lemuriensis
from sand bottoms in 50-60 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Last whorl narrowly conical; outline nearly straight. Spire stepped and of
moderate height. Shell Morphometry
L 60-174 mm
RW 0.15-0.53 g/mm
(L 60-110 mm)
RD -
(-0.46 - 0.54)
RSH -
( 0.20 - 0.36)
C.
m. lemuriensis Reunion;
spiral grooves obsolete, spire moderate; broader last whorl more uniform
reticulated pattern with less numerous large markings below shoulder
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lenavati da Motta & Röckel, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac., no. 1, p. 17,
f. 16
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Punta Engano, Cebu, Philippines; ca. 200 m
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 62 x 33 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-lenavati
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines; South China Sea
Habitat:-Reported from depths of 100-240 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid. Last whorl usually conical or ventricosely
conical, often pyriform; outline convex at adapical third to two-thirds,
straight to concave below. Shoulder angulate. Spire usually low, outline
concave. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1.0 mm. First
2.5-4.5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1-2
increasing to 4-6 spiral grooves. Last whorl with weak spiral ribs and/or
ribbons at base.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with brown axial blotches on adapical
three-fourth and an incomplete spiral band of the same colour on each side of
centre. Central ground-colour band usually continuous; subcentral pattern
elements may be absent. Base usually white, occasionally variably tinged with
cream. Larval whorls white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with irregularly set brown
axial markings. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 55-91 mm
RW 0.30-0.57 g/mm
(L 55-85 mm)
RD 0.56-0.71
PMD 0.80-0.89
RSH 0.02-0.13
Discussion:-C. tribblei has a similar colour pattern
but attains larger size (to 138 mm), generally has a narrower last whorl (RD
0.47-0.61) with an almost straight rather than sigmoid outline; its late whorls
have carinate shoulders and the spiral sculpture is heavier on its last whorl. C. eximius is considerably smaller, its
spire generally higher (RSH up to 0.26), its periostracum lacks tufted spiral
lines and its last whorl pattern often contains dashed and dotted spiral lines. C. malacanus differs in its heavier
shell, usually higher spire (RSH to 0.17), less pyriform last whorl, carinate
later whorls, and its smooth periostracum.
C. lenavati has a similar colour
pattern as C. sieboldii but its last
whorl is distinctly broader (RD 0.56-0.71), its spire lower (RSH 0.02-0.13) and
not carinate, and its sutural ramps have distinct spiral grooves.
----------
Conus lenhilli Cargile, 1998
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in SBMNH Mike Filmer
Published in: Siratus
2, p. 18, figs. 1-4
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Monchoir Bank, SE. of Turks & Caicos Is., 440 m
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 39 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-lenhilli
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Turks and Caicos Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
The last whorl is conical with very
straight sides. The shoulder is subangulate. The spire is moderate in height
and straight to slightly con-cave in outline. The last whorl is smooth and glossy with no spiral sculpture
even at the base, and with hardly visible axial growth lines.
The color of the body whorl is white or cream, with occasional isolated small
yellow or pale orange blotches below the shoulder or above the base, and on the
spire. The aperture is white, and translucent near the lip.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus lentiginosus Reeve, 1844
Pictures:.
Picture
Link: Figured Syntype Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Conch.
Icon. I, Conus, pl. 44, sp. 245
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28.6 x 14.8 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species:-lentiginosus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-S. India; Sri Lanka
Habitat:-Inshore, shallow subtidal
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately light to moderately solid. Last
whorl conical, ventricosely conical or slightly pyriform; outline convex at
adapical two-thirds to three-fourths, straight or concave below; left side
consistently sigmoid, right side sometimes almost straight. Shoulder angulate.
Spire of moderate height, outline concave or sigmoid. Larval shell of about 2
whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1.0 mm. First 3-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate.
Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1 increasing to 1-3
spiral grooves, obsolete or replaced by many spiral striae in late whorls. Last
whorl with axially striate spiral grooves on basal third, separated by ribs
anteriorly and by ribbons posteriorly.
Ground colour white, variably tinged with violet. Last whorl with confluent
brown axial flames, generally arranged in 3 spiral bands, below shoulder, near
centre and within basal third. Spiral rows of brown dots and dashes extend from
base to shoulder, varying in number and arrangement. Larval whorls white.
Teleoconch sutural ramps with brown radial blotches. Aperture white, tinged
with violet deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 29-38 mm
RW 0.08-0.16 g/mm
RD 0.60-0.69
PMD 0.80-0.89
RSH 0.18-0.24
Discussion:-C. dictator may be mistaken for C. lentiginosus. The latter species
differs in the more convex, broader last whorl (RD 0.60-0.69) and usually has
fewer tuberculate spire whorls, a coarser colour pattern and simpler
colouration of the aperture..
C. lentiginosus has a more solid
shell than C. stocki with a more
convex and broader last whorl (RD 0.60-0.69) and a higher spire (RSH
0.18-0.24). C. dictator also has a
higher spire (RSH 0.17-0.26), and the dotted spiral lines on its last whorl
lack white markings
C. stocki also differs from C. lentiginosus in its brown anterior
end of the last whorl, aperture and larval whorls.
C. eximius attains larger size, often
has a lower spire (RSH 0.08- 0.26), and is separable by its pale brown
multispiral larval shell (3.5 whorls), smooth early postnuclear whorls,
prominent spiral grooves on later sutural ramps, and white aperture.
----------
Conus leobottonii Lorenz, 2006
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan
Picure Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Club
Conchylien 38, 8
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Balabac Is., S.
Palawan
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 55.5 x 27.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species; Regarded by Filmer as aubspecies of Conus fulmen Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-leobottonii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
A. The shell is heavy and rather large, ventricosely conical, with an angulate
shoulder and a moderately low spire with straight outline. The protoconch is
pointed, smooth, consisting of two whorls. The body world is smooth and glossy,
in the anterior end there is an area with shallow but distinct irregular spiral
grooves. The protoconch is pale orange, the ground color of the teleoconch
whorls is plain white, as is the aperture and the interior. The body whorl of
some specimens is plain white (without secondary pattern), reddish brown in the
darkest shells.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus leobrerai da Motta & Martin, 1982
Pictures:.
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Carf.
Phil. Shell News 4(3), p. 3, fig. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Visayan Sea between Malapascua Is. & Bantayan Is.,
Philippines; 20-40 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 34.5 x 14.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-leobrerai
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines; Solomons
Habitat:-Found in 35-200 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely
conical to conical; outline convex adapically, straight (right side) or concave
(left side) below. Shoulder angulate. Spire of moderate height to high,
slightly stepped; outline concave. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls, maximum
diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 1-2 postnuclear whorls often weakly tuberculate.
Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 0-1 increasing to 4-7
spiral grooves. Last whorl with spiral ribs from base to shoulder, sometimes
ribs basally and ribbons adapically; grooves between axially striate containing
a fine spiral rib and/or 1-3 spiral threads.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of brown dots on ribs; brown
dots often reduced in large specimens. Dots fusing into spots and axial streaks
below shoulder, above centre and occasionally also below centre, forming 1-2 or
sometimes 3 spiral bands. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with
brown radial streaks and blotches. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-35 mm
RW 0.07-0.12 g/mm
RD 0.53-0.59
PMD 0.80-0.87
RSH 0.22-0.25
Discussion:-C. leobrerai resembles
juvenile C. australis, which is
distinguished by the less sigmoid left side of its last whorl, smaller number
(3-4) of spiral grooves on the sutural ramps, 3 brown spiral bands on last
whorl, and larger number of larval whorls (3.25 vs. 2-2.25)
----------
Conus leopardus Röding, 1798
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation
of Lectotype Martini (1773, Pl. 60, fig.
666)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Museum
Boltenianum 2, I-VIII, p. 41
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini
(1773, pl. 60, fig. 666)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-leopardus
Synonyms:- millepunctatus Lamarck, 1822; aldrovandi Dautzenberg, 1937
Geographic Range:-Indo-W. Pacific
Habitat:-Slightly subtidal to about 45 m usually below 2 m. Mainly in
shallow bays with vast subtidal stretches of sand or sand with vegetation; also
occupying large areas of sand or sand and rubble on subtidal reef flats.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Large and heavy; relative weight may vary by 40 %. Last whorl usually conical;
outline almost straight, sometimes convex at adapical fourth. Base truncate.
Shoulder angulate, occasionally subangulate. Spire of low to sometimes moderate
height, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Middle and late teleoconch
sutural ramps concave, with 3 increasing to 4 - 6 spiral grooves; grooves
usually faint on last ramps of large specimens. Last whorl with weak spiral
ribs above base, obsolete in old specimens.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of dark bluish brown spots or
short axial streaks. Teleoconch sutural ramps variably maculated with dark
bluish brown oblique axial blotches. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 80-222 mm
RW 1.40-5.00 g/mmm
(L 80-170 mm)
RD 0.58-0.71
PMD 0.81-0.93
RSH 0.00-0.15
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus levenensis Monnier & Tenorio, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN
Monnier & Tenorio
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 17, p. 35-36, Pl.
2, 4a-b, 5a-b
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Banc du Leven, off NW coast of Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 45.7 x 16.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species:-levenensis
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:-between 185 – 200m
Description:-
Shell medium-sized, conical to narrowly conical in shape. The spire is high and
straight giving to the shell an elongated biconic appearance. The protoconch is
small and apparently multispiral. Teleoconch sutural ramp flat or slightly
convex, with radial threads crossing 1 broad central spiral groove in early
whorls, showing a second narrower groove and a smooth ridge in later whorls.
deep posterior notch. Shoulder angulate. Last whorl covered with about 20 – 25
axially striate grooves and flat broad ribbons. Aperture white, narrow and of
uniform width. Background color of the shell white, overlaid with three
irregular spiral brown bands and with darker brown spots on the angulate
shoulder and on the spire ridges. The spiral ribbons are patterned with rows of
evenly-spaced square brown dots.
----------
Conus levis Bozzetti, 2012
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNHN Paris Luigi Bozzetti
Published in: Malacologia
76, p. 3, figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lavanono, Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype deposited
MNHN Paris
Type Size: 10,18
x 6.02 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy:
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONOLITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONOLITHINAE
Genus:-Pseudolilliconus Species:-levis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-Tidal grit
Description:-Original description
Profile ventricosely conical, shoulder subangulate, body whorl convex on right
side, slightly concave at the base and convex above on left side; protoconch
wide dome shaped; body whorl sides smooth with the exeption of 6-7 spiral basal
grooves. Body whorl sides with a pinkish-gray background color with sparse
brown dots; one pinkish-fleshy spiral band along the central area; protoconch
and early teleoconch whorls pink, sutural ramp on body whorl deep pink,
shoulder whitish; inside aperture gray.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus levistimpsoni Tucker, 2013
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in Santa Barbara Museum of NH John Tucker
Published in: The
Cone Shells of Florida, pp. 72 & 74, fig. 19
Ocean geography: Caribbean
Type Locality: south of Carabelle, Franklin County, Florida
Type Data: Holotype deposited
SBMNH
Type Size: 27
mm x 34 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy:
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-levistimpsoni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-in sand and rubble; paratypes dredged in 58 m
Description:-Original description
The sides of the body whorl are convex just anterior to the shoulder angle but
become flat in profile anterior to the shoulder angle. The spire is
elevated. It is concave in profile in
the upper part of the spire but then becomes more conical in the outer portion
of the spire. The spire is at first
scalariform but then becomes less scalariform in the outer whorls. Nodules are present on the first two or three
whorls. They then disappear and subsequent
whorls are not nodulose. Subsutural
ramps are flat in cross section. Cords are present. At first two or three cords are present that
persist. The shoulders are angular and
carinate. The body whorl is smooth
except for some spiral ribbons near the anterior end of the shell. There are no longitudinal elements. The shell is mostly white with scattered tan
or brown markings. These markings are mostly anterior to and posterior to the
midbody region. They are not extensive
and are limited to the general midbody region.
Spiral lines and blotches are not present. The subsutural ramps are marked by lightly
colored blotches or may be white. The
anterior end is white. The interior of
the aperture is white.
Discussion:-The shell is compared with the related C. stimpsoni. The latter is less smooth, is broader and not primarly white.
----------
Conus leviteni Tucker, Tenorio, Chaney, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in SBMNH Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Hawaii
The Sea Shells Addendum
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Oahu, Hawaii
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 64.4 x 38.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-leviteni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Hawaii
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Medium-sized, solid shells, ventricosely conical with a low to moderate spire;
she1ls broader than Darioconus omaria
and typical D. pennaceus; sutural
ramps flat to concave, with two or three weak cords disappearing in later
whorls; protoconch paucispiral, pink, mamillated; ground color white; last
whorl and spire pattemed with different shades of brown overlaid with white
tent markings; aperture white. The profile of the last whorl is ventricosely
conical to broadly and ventricosely conical (conical in some specimens), with a
low to moderate spire. The shoulder is subangulate to rounded. The sides of the
last whorl are usually convex, but straight in some populations. There appears
to be a consistent variability in shell shape according to the particular
island, or even to particular populations within an island. The aperture is
pure white. Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lictor Boivin, 1864
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in Boivin collection J. Conchyl. pl.1, f. 1 & 2
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J.
Conchyl. 12, p. 36, pl. I, f. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype was in Boivin collection and currently assumed to be
lost
Type Size: 40 x 20 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
striatellus Link, 1807
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-striatellus lictor forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 20 m; on sand, often with algae or mixed with
coral rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. lictor refers to a colour variant
with only a scattered axially streaked pattern.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lienardi Bernardi & Crosse, 1861
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in AMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: J.
Conchyl. 9, p. 49, pl. I,
f. & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 45.2 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE
SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-lienardi
Synonyms:- prevosti Sowerby iii, 1881
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia; Melanesia
Habitat:-In 3-60 m on sand; active at nightfall
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately light to moderately solid. Last
whorl usually ventricosely conical or conical; outline convex adapically,
straight below; left side somewhat concave near base. Shoulder angulate to
subangulate. Spire usually of moderate height, outline variably concave. Larval
shell of about 2.25-2.50 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 3-7
postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly
concave, with 0-1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves; latest ramps with faint or
obsolete grooves but many additional spiral striae. Last whorl with widely
spaced spiral grooves on basal third or half.
Ground colour white. In light-coloured specimens, last whorl with a generally
fine and often incomplete, brown or orange reticulate pattern and variously
sized flecks aligned in a spiral row on each side of centre; sometimes pattern
only of scattered curved or zigzag-shaped axial dashes. In dark-coloured specimens,
last whorl covered with large dark violet-brown zones and bluish background
shadows leaving only sparse blotches and tents of white. Larval whorls light
brown. About first 2 postnuclear sutural ramps brown. Following spirewhorls
matching last whorl in colour pattern. Light-coloured shells with a white
aperture, pale pink or violet; dark-coloured shells with a bluish white
aperture.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-63 mm
RW 0.07-0.17 g/mm
(L 32-52 mm)
RD 0.49-0.54
PMD 0.78-0.87
RSH 0.12-0.25
Discussion:-C. neptunus
attains larger size, has white larval whorls, and its last whorl is generally
less ventricose but straighter in outline.
C. lienardi resembles C. oishii in size and pattern. It can be
distinguished by its finer pattern, narrower last whorl, angulate shoulder,
tuberculate early postnuclear whorls, and brown apex.
C. lienardi differs from C. cinereus in its rather angulate
shoulder, complete or reduced reticulate pattern on last whorl and spire, and
in the absence of any spirally aligned dots and dashes; its early postnuclear
whorls are tuberculate
----------
Conus lightbourni Petuch, 1986
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in DMNH Bill
Fenzan
Published in: Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. 99, p. 16, f. 1-2
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: 2.5 km S of Castle Island, Bermuda; 330 m
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-lightbourni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bermuda
Habitat:-Found at depths around 300 m
Description:-Source original description
Shell elongate, slender, obconical, thin, lightweight; spire elevated; shoulder
and spire whorls rounded; body whorl and spire shiny, polished; anterior end of
body whorl with numerous faint, raised spiral threads; aperture narrow,
straight; base shell color bright orange, overlaid with two wide bands of deep
salmon-pink, one at mid-body, one between mid-body and shoulder; some specimens
with third salmon band around anterior end; salmon-pink bands ornamented with
rows of large brown spots; spots often coalesce into large brown flammules,
usually on either side or central band; some specimens with rows or small brown
dots on orange bands; spire salmon-pink with large crescent-shaped brown
flammules; protoconch mamillate; interior of aperture pale violet-purple;
operculum and periostracum unknown.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus lignarius Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Icon.. I, Conus, pl. 24, sp. 136
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Port Sacloban, Leyte Is.
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49 x 25.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus lignarius forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-From infralittoral fringe to about 60 m; on sand
Description:-
C. lignarius: lighter brown than
typical form of C. furvus, with a
darker base and solid spiral lines on last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus limpalaeri Tenorio & Monnier, 2016
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Manuel Tenorio
Picture Link: Paratype 3 Paul Kersten
Published in: Xenophora
12, p. 44-51, Pl. 1 & 2, Pl. 3, fig. 3-6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Balut Island,
Southern Mindanao, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35.8 x 16.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-limpalaeri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:- Only
known from the type locality (Balut
Island) and the neighboring
Sarangani Island, in 100 to 450 m depth
Description:-Source original description
Shell shape is ventricosely conical
to conical. This is a moderately small to medium sized species. The spire is
moderate to high, concave and slightly sigmoid in profile. The whorl tops are
flat in cross section. The paucispiral protoconch of 1.5 whorls is white to
creamy-yellow, porcellaneous and translucent, with a maximum diameter of 0.98
mm. The early teleoconch whorls are white or tan, with small tubercles which
disappear by whorl five. Early teleoconch whorls have three to four cords. The
cords increase in number to six, seven or even more in late teleoconch whorls,
but fade slightly in the outer whorls near the shoulder. The shoulder is
angulated, with a weak ridge present. The sides of the shell are very slightly
convex below the shoulder and then straight, becoming very slightly concave near
the anterior end. The last whorl is smooth except for 8-9 spiral grooves around
the basal quarter. The posterior notch is shallow and C-shaped. There is no
anterior notch.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus limpusi Röckel & Korn, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in AMS Living Conidae
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Acta
Conchyliorum Nr. 2, p. 14, pl. 5, f. 1. 2,
pl. 6, f. 1, 2, 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Yeppoon, Capricorn Group/Capricorn Channel
Queensland, Australia
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44.7 x 22.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-limpusi
Synonyms:- albellus Röckel & Korn, 1990
Geographic Range:-Queensland, Australia, from Bundaberg area to the
southern part of Great Barrier Reef.
Habitat:-Reported from 80-220 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl conical
to ventricosely conical, outline convex adapically and less so to straight
toward base; left side constricted just above base. In form albellus (Pl. 58,
Figs. 13-15), last whorl generally less ventricose and more straight-sided than
in typical form. Shoulder angulate, sometimes subangulate in large specimens.
Spire of low to moderate height, generally higher in typical form than in form
albellus; outline concave to almost straight. Larval shell of 1.75-2 whorls,
maximum diameter 1.2-1.3 mm. First 2-7 postnuclear whorls tuberculate; in
similarly sized specimens, typical form with slightly more postnuclear whorls
than form albellus (L 45 mm: ca. 9.25
vs. ca. 8.5 whorls). Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1-2 increasing to 4-7
spiral grooves. Last whorl with spiral ribs, ribbons and threads extending from
base to shoulder in variable sequence; grooves between axially striate, wider
towards base. In form albellus, sculpture of last whorl usually less prominent,
with ribs concentrated near base and below shoulder and ribbons between; large
specimens sometimes nearly smooth adapically.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with brown spots, streaks, flames and blotches
fusing into 3 interrupted to solid spiral bands, just below shoulder and above
as well as below centre; specimens of typical form may have additional spiral
rows of small brown spots and narrow bars. Shells nearly without any pattern
elements intergrade with shells that have almost solid brown last whorls. In
form albellus, pattern elements
usually sparse and less prominent than in typical form, white shells more
frequent. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial
markings partially extending beyond outer margins and matching last whorl
pattern in prominence. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-55 mm
RW 0.11-0.37 g/mm
RD 0.57-0.68
(0.55 - 0.66 form albellus)
PMD 0.80-0.88
RSH 0.10-0.22
(0.07 - 0.16 form albellus)
Discussion:-C. minnamurra
differs in its usually broader last whorl (RD 0.64-0.72), non-tuberculate early
postnuclear whorls and in its generally fewer larval whorls (1.5-1.75 vs.
1.75-2). In addition, its spire outline is convex to straight instead of
concave to almost straight.
C. colmani can be distinguished by
its generally broader last whorl (RD 0.62-0.73), narrower larval shell
(1.05-1.15 mm) mostly more uniform spiral sculpture of the last whorl and by
its more axially oriented last whorl pattern. Subadult shells are rather
pyriform in C. colmani but conical in
C. limpusi. Strongly sculptured
specimens of C. colmani are sometimes
nearly inseparable from C. limpusi.
The typical form and form albellus of
C. limpusi occur sympatrically and
have almost identical bathymetric ranges. Although C. albellus was originally considered a separate species,
additional material from several localities in the Swain Reefs includes shells
intermediate in shape, sculpture and pattern between it and C. limpusi.
Conus limpusi f.
albellus Röckel & Korn, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in AMS Mike Filmer
Published in: Acta
Conchyliorum Nr. 2, p. 11, pl. 3, f.
1-5, pl. 4, f. 1-7, pl. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: SE Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland,
Australia.
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42.6 x 22.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
limpusi Röckel & Korn, 1990
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-limpusi albellus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Queensland
Habitat:-form albellus was
dredged from blue-grey mud and shell substrate.
Description:-
Shell Morphometry
L 30-55 mm
RW 0.11-0.37 g/mm
RD 0.55 - 0.66 form albellus
PMD 0.80-0.88
RSH 0.07 - 0.16 form albellus
Form C. l. albellus higher spire,
body sculpture less prominent; some flat areas; patternless prominent, some
white shells
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lindae Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in USNM Mike Filmer
Published in: New
Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 55, pl. 9, figs.
9 & 10
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off S. Coast of Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas; 240 m.
corrected to North of Bimini Island
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lindaconus Species:-lindae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-Found in deep water around 250 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell solid, stocky, broad across shoulder, with relatively low spire; shoulder
distinctly rounded; spire whorls slightly canaliculate; body whorl shiny,
highly polished, with waxy feel; aperture narrow; protoconch very large,
rounded, mamillate; shell color varying from pure white (paratype, Key collection)
to pale pink, overlaid with 2 bands of salmon-pink dots (holotype); wide bands
of salmon-pink blotches arranged with one above mid-body and one below mid-body
near anterior end; rounded shoulder and canaliculate spire whorls marked with
evenly-spaced, thin, radiating, pale salmon-orange flammules; interior of
aperture white; periostracum thin, smooth, yellow, translucent.
Discussion:-Conus lindae does
not closely resemble any known cone species from the western Atlantic.
----------
Conus lindapowersae Petuch & Berschauer, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in LACM D. Berschauer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Festivus
Vol.: 49, p. 323-324; Fig. 3 E-F
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality:
Punta Salinas, Peravia Province,
southern coast of the Dominican Republic, Greater Antilles
Type Data: Holotype
in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19.1 mm x 10.3 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-lindapowersae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Nicaragua
Habitat:- Collected at night
by diving, on muddy sand and scattered, sparse sea grass, in 10 m depth
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell of average size for genus, stocky, broad
across shoulder, with slightly
rounded sides; spire proportionally low, subpyramidal,
with only slightly stepped whorls;
shoulder sharply angled, bordered with large, prominent,
rounded carina; body whorl shiny,
with 12-13 deeply-incised spiral sulci around the anterior
half; body whorl color deep khaki-brown or solid dark reddish-brown, overlaid
with 16-18 widely-separated spiral rows of dark brown dots and dashes; small
amorphous dark brown flammules and patches sometimes present on body whorl (as
in holotype shown here); anterior tip of body whorl dark purple-brown; spire
brown, often with large scattered patches of white
and darker brown (as seen on holotype), but frequently solid dark brown;
shoulder carina marked with row of large brown dashes; suture marked with row
of tiny dark brown dots; aperture proportionally wide, dark purple-brown within;
protoconch (missing on holotype) dark brown, rounded and dome-like, composed of
2
whorls.
----------
Conus lineata Crosse, 1878
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: J.
Conchyl. Xxvi, p. 168, pl. iii, f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 69 x 37 mm
Nomenclature: A homonym:- An available name, an invalid name, a homonym
of C. lineatus Solander, 1766
(fossil), of Hwass, 1792, of Röding, 1798, of Borson, 1820 (fossil) and of
Christofori & Jan, 1832 (fossil)
Taxonomy: An invalid synonym:- a specimen of C. crosseanus Bernardi, 1861
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name lineata
----------
Conus lineolatus Valenciennes, 1832
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype (Kohn) in MNHN
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Humboldt & Bonpland, Voyage dans l' intérieur de l' Amerique dans les Années 1799 – 1802 Recueil d'Obeservations de Zoologie et Anatomie comparee, pt. 2, book 14, p. 336, not figured
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Acapulco, Mexico, (West coast)
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 62.5 x 36 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus princeps
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Ductoconus Species:-princeps f. lineolatus
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range West Panama
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately to very heavy, often cumbersome, with a low gloss; obconical, the sides nearly straight; basal ridges and axial threads; shoulder roundly angled, with heavy but low coronations, broad; spire low/flat, the early whorls erode; whorls heavily coronated, slightly concave above; body whorl deep pink to bright orange, rarely yellowish, with/ without narrow/broad irregular axial flammules/threads of black/dark brown;spire color as body with curved blackish lines; early whorls eroded white; aperture narrow, uniform; outer lip sharp, straight; mouth dull pink to orange often milky white within; columella short narrow.
C. p. lineolatus covered with fine axial black hairlines closely following axial growth lines
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lineopunctatus Kaicher, 1977
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in USNM Courtesy USNM
Published in: Card
Cat. W-W Shells pack 13, no. 1259
Ocean geography:East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Elefantes Bay, Angola
Type Data: Lectotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38.1 x 21.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-lineopunctatus
Synonyms:- neoguttatus da
Motta, 1991
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Buried in sand at 2-3 m, under rocks
Description:-With the validity of Kaicher names established by the ICZN,
the name lineopunctatus will replace neoguttatus. See there.
----------
Conus lischkeanus Weinkauff, 1875
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in LMD Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Syst.
Conch. Cab. 2, Lief. 233, p. 311, pl.
56, f. 2 & 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Japan
Type Data: Holotype in LMD deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52 x 32 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Calamiconus Species:-lischkeanus
Synonyms:- kermadecensis Iredale, 1913;
tropicensis Coomans & Filmer, 1985; subroseus
Röckel & Korn, 1992; garywilsoni Lorenz
& Morrison, 2004
Geographic Range:-Japan to Taiwan
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 200 m; reported from bare limestone
pavement or sand, sometimes among weed or coral rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid; heavier
variants known from W. Australia and Somalia. Last whorl conical to broadly
conical, sometimes ventricosely conical or conoid-cylindrical in Indian Ocean
shells; outline variably convex adapically, straight below. Shoulder angulate,
occasionally approaching subangulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline
straight to concave or slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of about 3.75 whorls,
maximum diameter 0.8-1 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, sometimes concave in
late whorls, with 1 increasing to 2-6 spiral grooves; on latest ramps, grooves
usually obsolete in Pacific shells, distinct to obsolete in Indian Ocean
shells. Last whorl either almost smooth or with weak to distinct, sometimes
paired spiral ribs on basal third; in small adults, ribs occasionally from base
beyond centre and slightly granulose.
Ground colour white, often variably suffused with light to darker rose or
violet in E. African shells. Last whorl generally with a variably broad brown
to orange-brown spiral band above and below centre, leaving ground-colour bands
at shoulder, at or just below centre, and at base. In Indian Ocean shells,
colour bands often yellowish to light brown and covering the entire last whorl;
some shells from E. Africa with dark brown to dark red-brown spiral bands, and
with central ground-colour band either edged by darker brown spots or crossed
by axial markings. Closely spaced, dotted and dashed darker brown spiral lines
may occur over the entire geographical range of the species. Larval whorls
white to light brown in the Pacific, brownish violet in W. Australia, and pale
yellow to orange in the W. Indian Ocean. Postnuclear sutural ramps variably
maculated with brown radial streaks and blotches, sometimes immaculate in
Indian Ocean shells. Aperture usually white in Pacific shells, violet in W.
Australian shells, and white to violet in shells from the w. Indian Ocean.
Length 30 mm-75 mm
Shell Morphometry
L 30-75 mm
RW 0.12-0.53 g/mm
(L 30-60 mm; -heavier variants 0.25-0.67 g/mm (L 30-54 mm); (W. Australia;
Somalia)
RD 0.61-0.73
PMD 0.82-0.95
RSH 0.07-0.25
Discussion:- There are probably
lumped several valid species under this name.
Conus lischkeanus f.
garywilsoni Lorenz & Morrison,
2004
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in WAMP Original Description
Picture
Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conchiglia
35 (309), 43
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Offshore Exmouth, Western Australia.
Type Data: Holotype in WAMP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19 x 9 mm
Nomenclature:
An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
lischkeanus Weinkauff, 1875
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Calamiconus Species:-lischkeanus garywilsoni forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Exmouth, Western Australia
Habitat:-The depth varies from 35-45 metres. The habitat is a vast sand
desert with absolutely no rock or reef within 3 km.
Description:-Source La Conchiglia Oct-Dec 2003
The holotype is rather heavy, small, conical, with a moderately high, pointed
spire. The protoconch is conspicuous and smooth, consisting of three whorls
with a maximum diameter of 0.4 mm. The postnuclear whorls are not tuberculate.
The outline of the spire is slightly concave, the eight teleoconch whorls are
slightly stepped. The shoulder is angulated. The sutural ramp shows five
distinct, somewhat undulating spiral grooves. The last whorl is very slightly
convex and smooth, except for the anterior fifth where there are shallow spiral
ribs. These are rather distant at first, becoming denser towards the anterior
tip. The aperture is straight, slightly widening anteriorly. The operculum is
rather narrow and slightly curved, measuring one fifth of the aperture's
length.
Coloration. The protoconch is reddish brown. The ground color of the teleoconch
whorls is purplish, except for the shoulder, which is whitish. The purplish
sutural ramps are ornamented with widely spaced, chestnut-colored radial
streaks that extend just below the shoulder. The body whorl is uniformly brown
in the upper half, forming a wavy, darker-bordered middle band. In the lower
half, the holotype displays much of the ground color, interrupted by irregular
brown blotches. The aperture and the anterior end are rich purple. The
measurements are enumerated according to the shell formula proposed by Röckel
et al. (1995): L = shell-length (mm); RW = relative weight (g/mm); RD =
relative diameter of last whorl; PMD =: position of the maximum diameter of the
last whorl; RSH= relative spire height.
L= 15 - 20
RW= 0.04 - 0.05
RD= 0.48 - 0.52
PMD= 0.68 - 0.71
RSH= 0.25 - 0.26
Discussion:-Considered a synonym juvenile form of C. lischkeanus, the description hightlights the differences as
smaller size, different pattern and purple on the anterior end.
Conus lisckeanus f.
kermadecensis Iredale, 1913
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in CMNZ Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc.
Mal. Soc. Lond. 10, p. 227, pl. 9, f. 15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Sunday Is., Kermadec Is.
Type Data: Lectotype in CMNZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 47.2 x 21.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus lischkeanus Weinkauff, 1875
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Calamiconus Species:-lischkeanus kermadecensis subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Kermadecs, New Zealand, E. Australia, Papua New Guinea
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 200 m; reported from bare limestone
pavement or sand, sometimes among weed or coral rubble.
Description:-
Discussion:-Coomans and Filmer (1985) recognized 3 geographic subspecies
of C. lischkeanus, from the Kermadec
Is., W. Australia, and the W. Indian Ocean. However, within these regions,
rather straight-sided and usually multicoloured shells with comparatively
higher spires occur sympatrically with heavier, low-spired, rather convex-sided
and often uniformly coloured shells as well as intermediate specimens. The
morphological differences indicated by Coomans and Filmer (1985) are now known
to be either slight or not consistently associated with geographic
distribution. RKK thus abandon separation of this species into geographic
subspecies.
Conus lischkeanus f.
subroseus Röckel & Korn,
1992
Pictures:.
Picture
Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Published in: Acta
Conchyliorum 3, p. 19, pl. 3,
f. 8-15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Aden
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.3 x 11.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus lischkeanus Weinkauff, 1875
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name subroseus
Conus lischkeanus f.
tropicensis Coomans
& Filmer, 1985
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN Mike Filmer
Published in: Beaufortia
35, p. 11
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East side of North West Cape, Exmouth Gulf, West
Australia, (in sand, near reef)
Type Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44.3 x 26.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus lischkeanus Weinkauff, 1875
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Calamiconus Species:-lischkeanus tropicensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W Australia, Oman
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 200 m; reported from bare limestone
pavement or sand, sometimes among weed or coral rubble.
Description:-
C. tropicensis differs from C. lischkeanus by its heavier shell and
stouter shape, lower spire, more rounded shoulders, and less obvious bands. The
colouring is weaker and the aperture is violet.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus litoglyphus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel
Tenorio
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p.
692
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Indies
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52 x 29 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Strategoconus Species:-litoglyphus
Synonyms:- cinamomeus
Röding, 1798; orleanus Röding,
1798; subcapitaneus Link, 1807; bicolor Sowerby ii, 1833; lithoglyphus Reeve, 1843; lacinulatus Kiener, 1845; carpenteri Crosse, 1865; seychellensis Nevill & Nevill, 1874
Geographic Range:-E. Africa to Hawaii
Habitat:-Usually subtidal to about 60 m: on reefs. lagoon pinnacles.
rocky platforms exposed to wave action and more frequently below 10 m on sand
or reef rock under dead corals. or on reef slopes.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium- sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
usually conical; outline straight, concave below shoulder. Shoulder angulate.
Spire low; outline usually concave, occasionally convex in early whorls. Larval
shell multispiral, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Early postnuclear whorls
tuberculate. Teleochonce sutural ramps flat, with 1-3 spiral grooves
disappearing in late whorls. Last whorl with coarse, widely spaced, partially
granulose spiral ribs basally, sometimes replaced by obsolete smooth ribs or
followed by scattered spiral rows of granules to shoulder
Ground colour white. Last whorl overlaid with brownish olive or orangish to
dark brown, leaving spiral groundcolour bands at shoulder and below centre.
White bands solid, regularly or irregularly interrupted by axial colour
markinngs, or covered with olive to dark brown. Base dark brown. Larval whorls
and adjacent sutural ramps grey. Late ramps with confluent radial blotches
matching last whorl pattern in colour. Aperture white or pale brown-dark brown
at base.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-75 mm
RW 0.20-0.60 g/mm
(L 40-60 mm)
RD 0.51-0.60
PMD 0.83-0.95
RSH 0.04-0.13
Discussion:-C. litoglyphus may
resemble specimens of C. planorbis form
vitulinus in shape and pattern of the shell. However. the latter shells
differ in their concave and more irregularly marked late sutural ramps, that
also bear pronounced spiral grooves, and in the more closely spaced and usually
stronger spiral ribs on the basal portion of the last whorl. The animal of C. planorbis form vitulinus is bright
yellow, variably maculated with black.
Conus litoglyphus f.
seychellensis Nevill
& Nevill, 1874
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in ZSIC Mike Filmer ZSIC
Published in: J.
Asiatic Soc. Bengal 43, pt. 2, no.
1, p. 22
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Seychelles
Type Data: Holotype in ZSIC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 39 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
litoglyphus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Strategoconus Species:-litoglyphus seychellensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Seychelles
Habitat:-Usually
subtidal to about 60 m: on reefs. lagoon pinnacles. rocky platforms exposed to
wave action and more frequently below 10 m on sand or reef rock under dead
corals. or on reef slopes.
Description:-
C. seychellensis is a colour form
completely lacking white bands.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus litteratus Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in LSL Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Systema
Naturae 10th ed., 1, p. 712
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Asiatic Ocean
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 91 x 52 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Strategoconus Species:-litteratus
Synonyms:- pardus Röding,
1798; arabicus Lamarck, 1810; grueneri Reeve, 1844
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific, except for Red Sea and Hawaiian
Archipelago
Habitat:-Slightly subtidal to 50 m, juveniles sometimes dredged in 60 m. C. litteratus inhabits channels to
large patches of fine or more often coarse sand, rubble and sand, silty rubble,
sand with vegetation and even dense beds of seaweed.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical; outline almost
straight, sometimes convex below shoulder. Base moderately pointed. Shoulder
sharply angulate. Spire low, outline usually sigmoid. Middle and late
teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 3 increasing to 4-6 spiral grooves;
grooves often weak to obsolete. Last whorl almost smooth.
Ground colour white. Last whorl usually encircled with 3 yellowish orange
bands, at centre and within adapical and abapical thirds. Spiral rows of
blackish brown, medium-sized, round to squarish spots, sometimes axially
elongate or arrow- shaped, extend from base to shoulder. Base and siphonal
fasciole bluish brown. Teleoconch sutural ramps with blackish brown oblique
axial streaks. Aperture white, usually with a bluish brown basal edge.
Periostracum brown to blackish brown, variably thick, translucent to opaque,
and velvety to rough.
Shell Morphometry
L 60-170 mm
RW 0.67-2.42 g/mm
(L 60-115 mm)
RD 0.54-0.65
PMD 0.85-0.94
RSH 0.00-0.08
Discussion:-C. litteratus differs
from C. eburneus in its larger size,
sharply angulate shoulder, bluish brown pointed base, and less pronounced
spiral sculpture of sutural ramps and last whorl; its last whorl is less convex
below the shoulder and tends to be narrower.
----------
Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Encyc.
Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p.
630
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Antilles [erroneous]
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43 x 26 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-lividus
Synonyms:- monachos Röding, 1798; plebejus Link, 1807; fasciata Menke, 1828; detritus Menke, 1830; primula Reeve, 1849;
Geographic Range:-Indo-W. Pacific
Habitat:-Infrequently intertidal, common on subtidal coral reef platforms. C. lividus occupies diverse microhabitats: sand patches and
pockets, coral rubble with and without sand, reef limestone with algal turf,
bare reef limestone, dead coral heads, and beach rock .
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to moderately heavy.
Last whorl conical to broadly conical; outline almost straight, somewhat convex
within adapical fourth. Shoulder angulate, strongly to weakly tuberculate;
tubercles occasionally obsolete. Spire of low to moderate height, outline
straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of about 4 whorls. Postnuclear spire
whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2 increasing to 4
spiral grooves. Last whorl with often variably granulose spiral ribs above the
base, sometimes to centre.
Last whorl light olive or yellowish brown with narrow white spiral bands at
centre and below shoulder that may be suffused with bluish-grey or rose. Base
dark purple. Apex usually pink; larval shell yellow (Hawaii; Perron, 1981a).
Later spire whorls and shoulder white, occasionally suffused with bluish grey
or pale orangish violet. Aperture deep purple-violet behind a narrow
orange-brown margin, with pale bands at centre and below shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-81 mm
RW 0.20-0.94 g/mm
(L 30-70mm)
RD 0.59-0.73
PMD 0.87-0.93
RSH 0.06-0.20
Discussion:-C. lividus differs
in its somewhat larger maximum size, strictly conical last whorl and in its
immaculate later sutural ramps. The pale central band on the last whorl and
within the aperture characteristic of C.
lividus is faint or totally absent in C.
sanguinolentus.
----------
Conus lizardensis Crosse, 1865
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J.
Conchyl. xiii, p. 305, pl., ix, f. 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lizard Is., N.E. Australia
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-lizardensis
Synonyms:- sibogae
Schepman, 1913
Geographic Range:-Keppel Bay (S. Queensland, Australia) to Arafura Sea
(Aru, Indonesia) and Timor Sea (Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, N. W. Australia)
Habitat:-Reported from 25-60 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl conical to
ventricosely conical or conoid-cylindrical, outline slightly convex at adapical
third and straight below. Shoulder usually sharply angulate. Spire of low to
moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum
diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 0.75-3 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate;
specimens of about 45 mm with about 10 postnuclear whorls. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat, sometimes concave in late whorls, with 1 increasing to 4-6 spiral
grooves. Last whorl with variably broad spiral ribbons extending from base to
shoulder, sometimes replaced by ribs near base and just below shoulder;
intervening grooves axially striate, wider at base and often containing a fine
spiral rib; large specimens almost smooth on adapical third to half.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with rather sparse spiral rows of widely
separated brown spots, concentrated and fusing into larger axial markings below
shoulder and within adapical as well as basal third. Brown spots often
irregularly scattered. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps sparsely
maculated with brown spots or radial streaks. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-55 mm
RW 0.10-0.22 g/mm
RD 0.52-0.63
PMD 0.83-0.91
RSH 0.08-0.15
Discussion:-C. lizardensis resembles
C. minnamurra, C. colmani, and C. limpusi.
C. minnamurra can be distinguished
from C. lizardensis by its broader
last whorl (RD 0.64-0.72), non tuberculate postnuclear whorls, straight to
convex spire outline and usually smaller size (to 36 mm). C. colmani has a broader last whorl (RD 0.62-0.73), an angulate
rather than sharply angulate shoulder, and strong tubercles on its first 3-6
postnuclear whorls. In similarly sized specimens, C. colmani is heavier but has fewer postnuclear whorls (8.5) than C. lizardensis. C. limpusi differs in its more solid shell (L 55 mm: RW 0.30-0.40
g/mm), generally more convex-sided last whorl, angulate rather than sharply
angulate shoulder, and in its strongly tuberculate 2-7 early postnuclear
whorls.
This species is often referred to as C.
sibogae (see Walls, [1979]). Cernohorsky (1978) and Coomans & Filmer
(1985) considered C. sibogae a junior
synonym of C. lizardensis. Rockel
& Korn (1990) agreed with this conclusion, in particular as the same larval
shell diameter (0.8-0.9 mm) suggests conspecific status for the (subadult) type
specimens of C. lizardensis Crosse
and C. mucronatus var. sibogae Schepman. Bathymetric and
zoogeographical data support this taxonomic hypothesis: The type localities of C. lizardensis and C. sibogae as well as the depth in which the latter holotype was
collected (57 m) do not correspond with the geographical and bathymetrical
ranges of C. limpusi, C. minnamurra or C. colmani.
----------
Conus lizarum Raybaudi, G. & da Motta, 1992
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac., no. 16, p. 65,
f. 1-3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Cape Guardafui, Somalia
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29.1 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species:-lizarum
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Somalia
Habitat:-Deep water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, light to moderately light. Last whorl conical,
outline slightly convex adapically and straight towards base; left side may be
slightly concave above base. Shoulder angulate or slightly carinate. Spire of
low to moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of about 2 whorls,
maximum diameter about 0.9- 1 mm. First 0.25-1.25 postnuclear whorls weakly to
sometimes obsoletely tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with
prominent radial threads; early ramps with 1 adaxial spiral groove or with 1-2
increasing to 2-3 equally spaced spiral grooves, later ramps with obsolete
spiral sculpture. Basal half of last whorl with punctate to axially striate
spiral grooves; intervening ribbons grade to ribs at anterior end.
Ground colour white, last whorl usually shaded with pink. Last whorl with
orangish brown to brown axial blotches, fusing into an interrupted or solid
spiral band on each side of centre. Closely spaced spiral rows of alternating
reddish brown and white dots and dashes extend from base to shoulder, sometimes
obscured by spiral colour bands. Base orange to brown. Larval whorls grey to
brown; following 2 sutural ramps of similar colour. Postnuclear sutural ramps
with regularly aligned brown subsutural dots and orange-brown radial blotches
that extend over outer margins and may fuse into an adaxial spiral band.
Aperture pink to orange.
Shell Morphometry
L 22-36 mm
RW 0.03-0.11 g/mm
RD 0.50-0.56
PMD 0.87-0.95
RSH 0.08-0.14
Discussion:-C. lizarum is similar to C. dictator, C. traversianus and C. stocki. C. dictator attains larger
size and has a higher spire (RSH 0.17-0.26), more tuberculate postnuclear
whorls (4-7), and distinct spiral grooves on its late sutural ramps. Its last
whorl is generally encircled with 3 colour bands, its larval whorls are white,
and its teleoconch spire lacks subsutural dots. C. traversianus is also larger, has a narrower last whorl (RD 0.45-0.48),
a higher spire (RSH 0.14-0.20), more tuberculate postnuclear whorls (2.5- 4),
and 3-4 distinct spiral grooves on its later sutural ramps. Its larval whorls
are white, its teleoconch spire lacks subsutural dots, and its last whorl is
not shaded with pink. C. stocki also
attains larger size, has a higher, gradually sloping spire (RSH 0.16-0.18),
more pronounced spiral sculpture on the later sutural ramps, a pale brown
aperture, and a dark brown pattern that tends to fuse into an additional
subshoulder band. However, obvious similarities in shape, sculpture, and
pattern elements of their teleoconchs as well as in their larval shells suggest
close relationship between C. lizarum
and C. stocki.
----------
Conus locumtenens Blumenbach, 1791
Picture link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Handbuch
der Naturges., 4th ed, p. 448
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Red Sea
Type Data: Holotype was in MUG and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 47 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-locumtenens
Synonyms:- acuminatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; vicarius Röding, 1798; substitutus
Link, 1807; insignis Sowerby ii,
1833; multicatenatus Sowerby ii,
1865; schech Weinkauff, 1873; coxianus Sowerby iii, 1895; viaderi Fenaux, 1942
Geographic Range:-Central and S. Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and N. Somalia
Habitat:-In 2-10 m; under seaweed, on sand and mud
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl usually
conical; outline either almost straight or convex on adapical third. Shoulder
angulate to slightly carinate. Spire of low to moderate height; stepped;
outline concave to straight. Early postnuclear whorls appear weakly
tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat or concave toward shoulder; late
ramps with 2-3 often weak spiral grooves changing to a varying number of weak
to obsolete striae. Last whorl with variably broad, weak spiral ribbons, often
posteriorly edged with a fine spiral rib, on basal third.
Ground colour white, occasionally tinged with blue. Last whorl with usually fme
yellowish to blackish brown reticulation bordering white tents that vary widely
in size. Reticulate pattern often concentrated in 2 or more darker spiral bands
of variable width, solidity and colour. Within dark bands, reticulated lines
may turn into wavy axial lines.
Postnuclear sutural ramps with reddish to blackish brown radial streaks and
blotches that cross the outer margins.Aperture white, violet-brown deep within
Shell Morphometry
L 35-66 mm
RW 0.10-0.40
(L 35-60 mm)
RD 0.57-0.69
PMD 0.85-0.91
RSH 0.10-0.20
Discussion:-The list of synonyms refers to intergrading colourforms.
C. l. schech complex pattern of axial
lines, dark brown blotches, and spiral dashes.
C. insignis is broadly spiral banded
form;
C. coxianus has reduced axial
pattern;
C. hamanni may resemble subadults of C. locumtenens, but the latter differs
in its reticulate pattern, more angulate shoulder, rather concave spire
outline, and the weaker spiral sculpture on the teleoconch sutural ramps.
----------
Conus lohri Kilburn, 1972
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
NMP Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published
in: Ann. Natal Mus. 21 (2), p. 428, figs 8a & 14b - d
Type
Locality: Baie dos Cocos, between Inhambane & Jangamo Beach. Mozambique
Type Data: Holotype in
NMP
Type Size: 40.2 x 23.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available
name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus according to Tucker.
Provisionally seen as a valid species by Tenorio & Monteiro (2008)
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus lohri
Synonyms:- There are no
junior synonyms
Geographic
Range:- East Africa to Natal, South Africa
Habitat: Rock
ledge, 2 – 3 mtrs
Description: Medium-sized
to large shell . last whorl ventricosely conical, with a low spire. Shoulder
rounded. Ground color reddish brown to brown or greyish violet. Last whorl
usually patternless, but some shells display traces of what seems to be an
incoplte dark brown tented pattern. Aperture pale violet.
----------
Conus lombei Sowerby iii, 1881
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 637, pl. 56,
f. 6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
articulatus Sowerby iii, 1873
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-articulatus lombei forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mauritius
Habitat:-Sand coral rubble 30-60 m
Description:
C. lombei refers to a colour pattern
variant of C. articulatus with an
evenly reddish brown last whorl.
----------
Conus longilineus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in NMSF Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Cone
Shells form Cape Verde Is., p. 85, f. 56-7
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Sal Is., Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in NMSF deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16.8 x 8.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-longilineus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sal, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-
See Discussion
C. g. longilineus s.sp.
The specimens from Sal are much smaller and more elongated, with a fine pattern
of white dots on a light green ground colour. The strongly elongated shape and
the particularly fine pattern separate the present subspecies from C. grahami grahami and C. grahami pseudoventricosus.
Discussion:-
Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes
New species proposed: Specimens from Rabo de Junco, Sal: Africonus miruchae Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
----------
Conus longurionis Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in collection Prevost Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq.
Viv., pl. 92, f. 6
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Spec.
Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 308, pl.
92, f. 6
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Prevost and currently assumed to
be lost
Type Size: 36 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species:-longurionis
Synonyms:- kantanganus da
Motta, 1982
Geographic Range:-Taiwan - Sri Lanka; E. Africa
Habitat:-Subtidal fringe, buried in sand, 1-2.5 cm below surface in
habitats sheltered from heavy wave action.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, light to moderately light. Last whorl usually
narrowly conoid-cylindrical to narrowly conical; outline nearly straight,
occasionally sigmoid. Shoulder angulate, to subangulate in form kantanganus , to carinate in shells
from Philippines and Taiwan; exhalent notch variably deep. Spire of moderate
height to high, outline slightly concave to almost straight. Larval shell of 3
or more whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1 mm. First 5-8 postnuclear whorls
distinctly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with radial threads crossing
1 broad central spiral groove in first 3-5 (sometimes to 8) whorls and 1-2
(sometimes to 3) grooves in following whorls; sutures deep and wide. Last whorl
with regularly spaced, axially striate spiral grooves and ribbons or
occasionally ribs between; surface sculpture less prominent in E. African
shells.
Ground colour white (shells from Mozambique) to beige (shells from India to
Taiwan). Last whorl with spiral rows of regular or irregular brown dots or
rectangular spots on ribbons and ribs, partly fusing into irregularly sized
axial flecks and streaks that cluster into spiral bands above and below centre;
a weaker spiral band sometimes present below shoulder. Pattern of shells from
Mozambique often reduced to axial streaks of both sides of centre and below
shoulder. Larval whorls grey, also brown in shells from Philippines and Taiwan.
Teleoconch spire matching last whorl in pattern. Aperture translucent.
Shell Morphometry
L 29-46 mm
(- 36 mm form kantanganus)
RW 0.03-0.10 g/mm
RD 0.39-0.45
(- 0.48 Philippines, Taiwan)
PMD 0.83-0.90
RSH 0.19-0.30
Discussion:-C. longurionis resembles C. aculeiformis, C. vimineus, C.
hopwoodi, and C. elegans. C.
aculeiformis has a lower, concave-sided rather than straight-sided spire
(RSH 0.17-0.22) and lacks tubercles on the postnuclear whorls; its last whorl
is more conical (PMD 0.86-0.95), and the spiral grooves on its teleoconch
sutural ramps are differently arranged. C. vimineus has a broader larval shell
(1.1-1.2 mm) with 4.0-4.5 whorls separated by deep and wide sutures; its spire
is generally lower (RSH 0.15-0.25) and has a slightly concave to sigmoid rather
than straight outline; the early teleoconch sutural ramps have 3 spiral
grooves, and the spire whorls lack tubercles.
C. hopwoodi closely resembles C. longurionis in shape and pattern.
This species differs from C. hopwoodi
in its larger size (to 46 mm), often higher spire (RSH 0.19-0.30), larger
number of tuberculate teleoconch spire whorls (5-8), and in it’s often more
conical and broader last whorl (RD 0.39-0.48; PMD 0.83-0.90). It is possible
that the two are conspecific.
C. longurionis has a broader larval
shell (0.9-1 mm) of generally more whorls (2.25-3) than C. elegans and a more conical last whorl (PMD 0.83-0.90); its
postnuclear sutural ramps are separated by deeper and wider sutures and have
only 1 central spiral groove in first 3-5 or more whorls; the surface sculpture
of its last whorl is more prominent.
Shells from India and W. Thailand were described as C. kantanganus, while the original figure of C. longurionis refers to E. African shells. C. kantanganus and the similar shells from Taiwan and Philippines
cannot be separated from C. longurionis
at the species level and are considered geographical forms.
Conus longurionis f.
kantanganus da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Publ.
Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac., no. 1, p. 11,
f. 10
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled off Kantang, Southwest Thailand
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
longurionis Kiener, 1845
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species:-longurionis kantanganus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell elongately fusiform with 12 spire whorls of which 2 are globulose protoconch;
with subsequent 6-7 minutely beaded but becoming progressively obsolete; spaace
between deeply grooves sutures grooved with perpendicular riblets.There is no
angulation at shoulder, the flat sides being slightly rounded at its periphery
as it tapers down its extended length of the narrow body whorl; the body whorl
with over 30 spiral grooves intersected by same riblets as spiral whorls.Ground
colour is white with light brown quadrangular blotches.sprinkled acroos whorl
and spire with some concentration forming brown bands at middle and base.
Aperture is straight and narrow with white interior; outer lip moderately
undulated.
Discussion:-Da Motta compares C.
kantanganus with C. aculeiformis
which is larger with shorter spire, carinated shoulder; smooth body whorl with
shallow spiral incisions.
It should also be comapered to C. longurionis which has stepped spire,
obtuse shoulder, rather large spiral grooves and a pointed base which is
recurved.
----------
Conus lorenzi Monnier & Limpalaër, 2012
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Acta
Conch. 11, p. 17 – 26, pl. 1, pl. 3,
fig. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ramsgate, Kwa-Zulu Natal
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.5 x 12.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:- Conasprella Species:-lorenzi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South Africa
Habitat:-Found at 80-120 m on substrate with rubble and sponges.
Description:-Source Original description. The spire is distinctly
stepped with a straight profile. The adult shell has around ten whorls.
The shoulder is sharply angulate, the last whorl shape is almost straight being
only slightly concave near the base. The last whorl is sculptured with 22 to 26
flat ribbons separated by narrow striae. The ground color of the shell is white
flecked with brown dots. There are three salmon coloured bands at the shoulder,
center and at the base of the last whorl. In some specimens the bands are
overlaid with brown flames. The sutural ramp is coloured with brown radial
blotches ending at the periphery as darker brown spots.
The base is lavender to purple tint.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lorenzianus Dillwyn, 1817
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Representation of Lectotype Chemnitz (1795, pl. 181, figs 1754 & 1755)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Descr.
Cat. Rec. Shells I, p. 370
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: East Indian Seas, (Chemnitz), Coast of Africa (Lamarck),
(both erroneous), corrected (Vink) Gulf of Morrosquillo, Colombia (East Coast).
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Chemnitz
(1795, pl. 181, figs 1754 & 1755)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
spurius Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lindaconus Species:-spurius
lorenzianus subsp.
Synonyms:- undatus Kiener, 1845; weinkauffii Löbbecke, 1882; phlogopus Tomlin, 1937
Geographic Range:-Colombia
Habitat:-Moderately deep
Description:-Source Vink
A heavy shell, 40 to 80 mm, with low to moderate strongly concave sided spire.
Body whorl straight to slightly convex, and smooth. In some populations distinct
spiral ridges near the base which may cover nearly the whole body whorl.
Shoulder roundly angulate, spire whorls smooth with rounded margins, slightly
stepped and concave above. Nucleus: 1.5 whorls; first 2 to 4 postnuclear whorls
coronated, coronation gradually diminishing in subsequent whorls and often not
apparent because of erosion. Animal cream-coloured, operculum ungulate and
large, often longer than 1/3 of aperture height. Radula tooth with serration
over 1/2 length of tooth and very short blade (Warmke, 1960). Periostracum
light brown to red brown, mostly transparent but also thick and obscuring the
contrasting colour pattern underneath.
C. spurius lorenzianus has a pattern
of undulating longitudinal chocolate brown or yellowish brown stripes,
regularly interrupted so that one or more transverse white bands become
evident. There is always such a white band at the shoulder .
Discussion:-John Tucker
comments: As noted above this is one of three southern subspecies. It occurs
between Spuriconus spurius quadratus
(invalid name sensu Vink, Fig. 18) to the west and S. s. baylei to the east.
Ridges that extend the full length of the body whorl are the hallmark of this
subspecies. Such ridges only reach midbody in S. s. quadratus and S. s.
baylei. In the northern subspecies ridges are pretty well limited to the
anterior third of the body whorl. The subspecies S. s. quadratus and S. s.
baylei may be intergrade populations between the northern subspecies and S. s. lorenzianus.
----------
Conus loroisii Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Syntype in coll. Lorois and coll. Boivin Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Spec.
Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 91, pl.
65, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mer de L'Inde
Type Data: Syntype was in coll. Lorois and coll. Boivin and currently
assumed to be lost
Type Size: 70 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dendroconus Species:-loroisii
Synonyms:- agrestis Morch., 1850; violascens Barros e Cunha, 1933; insignis Dautzenberg, 1937; huberorum da Motta, 1989
Geographic Range:-India and Sri Lanka eastwards to Philippines, Papua
New Guinea and Solomon Islands.
Habitat:-In 5 to 70 m; reported from sandy bottoms. Typical form found
in depths of 9 - 18 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, solid to heavy. Last whorl usually ventricosely conical
to broadly ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, straight towards
base. Aperture almost uniform in width. Shoulder subangulate to rounded. Spire
usually low, sometimes of moderate height; outline variably concave. Teleoconch
sutural ramps flat to slightly concave or faintly convex, with closely spaced
spiral striae. Basal third of last whorl with variably spaced spiral grooves
separating ribs and ribbons. Form insignis with a sometimes lower spire, a less
rounded shoulder and sometimes pyriform subadults. Form huberorum smaller and lighter in weight. Last whorl ventricosely
conical to distorted conoid-cylindrical with straighter outline. In distorted
specimens, aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Spire of low to moderate
height, outline slightly sigmoid to concave; in distorted specimens, early
postnuclear whorls stepped.
Ground colour grey mixed with pale blue, tan to brown and sometimes darker
violet. Colours arranged in blending spiral and axial zones. Last whorl with
contrasting light narrow spiral bands at shoulder and below centre; shoulder
band always present but often very narrow and inconspicuous; subcentral band
may be absent or faint. Solid or interrupted reddish to blackish brown lines
occur infrequently on last whorl. Base of columella and siphonal fasciole
partially or completely brown to dark violet-brown. Early teleoconch sutural
ramps brown; later ramps match last whorl in colouration, with obsolete to
fairly distinct brown radial streaks. Aperture usually white to bluish white,
sometimes orange. Periostracum brown, fairly thick, and opaque, with raised
spiral ridges (Kohn, 1978) or tufted spiral lines (India). In form huberorum, ground colour grades to
darker olive-grey with a greater number of more pronounced violet or brownish
violet axial zones on last whorl and axial streaks on later sutural ramps.
Shoulder band often darker than in typical form, shading from creamy grey to
pale violet grey; subcentral band often obscured or absent. Dashed or dotted spiral
lines on last whorl as rare as in typical form. Colouration of aperture usually
darker than in typical form. In form
insignis, last whorl tinged with whitish to bluish or greenish grey, or
various shades of brown; colours arranged in blending spiral zones. Shoulder
band usually pronounced, shading from milky white to light brown or
violet-grey; subcentral band usually present, often somewhat wider than in
other forms and similar to shoulder band in colour. Closely spaced and variably
fine, blackish brown lines extend from base to shoulder band, usually faint or
absent on basal fourth. Lines often with an alternation of reddish brown lines;
occasionally, lines become dashed or dotted. Staining of columella and siphonal
fasciole more pronounced than in other forms.Teleoconch sutural ramps brown to
blackish brown, either solidly coloured or irregularly streaked with shades of
brown
Form C. l. insignis last whorl tinged
grey and shades brown in blending spiral zones; shoulder band pronounced white
to brown or grey; subcentral band usually present; closely spaced and variably
fine blackish brown lines from base to shoulder; reddish brown and blackish
lines often alternate; staining of columella more pronounced; whorl tops brown
to blackish brown solidly colored or streaked with shades of brown;
Discussion:-Specimens of C.
loroisii with dashed spiral lines resemble C. glaucus in colour pattern. The latter species is of smaller
size, its ground colour is rather bluish grey than brownish grey, the radial
blotches on its sutural ramps are darker and rather separate than confluent,
and the spiral lines on its last whorl consist of smaller and more separate
markings.
C. huberorum is considered to
represent an ecological form of C.
loroisii, because both intergrade in shape and colour pattern. This form is
sympatric with the typical form along the Coromandel coast but has a different
bathymetric range. Distortion during growth causes the differences in relative
diameter spire height.
Dautzenberg`s var. insignis and typical
C. loroisii are almost identical in
shell morphometry and differ only in colour pattern. Specimens with and without
closely spaced spiral lines occur sympatrically both in the Bay of Bengal and
in Philippines. Lineate specimens intergrade with typical non-lineate C. loroisii in the former region; in the
Philippines, the lineate pattern of var. insignis
may be reduced. These data strongly suggest that var. insignis is a variant
of C. loroisii. Tucker (1984)
separates C. loroisii and var. insignis on the subspecies level but
intergradation in Philippines and the absence of geographic variation does not
support this.
Conus loroissii f.
huberorum da Motta, 1989
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: La
Conchiglia xxi, no. 242-245, p. 9-11, 2 text figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off the Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, north of Madras,
India.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 48.2 x 24.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus loroisii Kiener, 1845
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dendroconus Species:-loroisii huberorum forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bay of Bengal
Habitat:-Found at 35-70 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C.
loroisii
Form huberorum smaller and lighter in
weight. Last whorl ventricosely conical to distorted conoid-cylindrical with
straighter outline. In distorted specimens, aperture wider at base than near
shoulder. Spire of low to moderate height, outline slightly sigmoid to concave;
in distorted specimens, early postnuclear whorls stepped.
A common freak form.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus loroissii f.
insignis Dautzenberg,
1937
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in IRSN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Mem.
Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. ii, fasc.
18, p. 108, pl. I,
f. 6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Amboina
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 75 x 49 mm
Nomenclature: A homonym:- An available name, an invalid name, a homonym
of C. insignis Sowerby, 1833
Taxonomy: An invalid synonym:- a synonym colour form of C. loroisii Kiener, 1845.
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name insignis
Geographic Range:-India; Sri Lanka - Philippines; Papua New Guinea
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Although this name is a homonym and invalid it is widely
used.
Form C. l. insignis last whorl tinged
grey and shades brown in blending spiral zones; shoulder band pronounced white
to brown or grey; subcentral band usually present; closely spaced and variably
fine blackish brown lines from base to shoulder; reddish brown and blackish
lines often alternate; staining of columella more pronounced; whorl tops brown
to blackish brown solidly colored or streaked with shades of brown;
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lovellreevei Raybaudi G. (Massilia),1993
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link:
Paul Kersten
Published in: Gloria
Maris xxxii no. 1, p. 3, pl. 1,
f. 4 & 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Madras, India.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42.5 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
asiaticus da Motta, 1985
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-asiaticus lovellreevei subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-SE India
Habitat:-In depths of 25-60 m.
Description:- Brown dashes on
the body whorl
Discussion:-
----------
Conus loyaltiensis Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Paratype Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Mem.
Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. clxvii, p. 577,
figs. 1. 10, 11 & 55
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Loyalty Ridge, Chesterfield Is. (21deg 04' S. 167deg 32'
E); 480 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.8 x 10.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-loyaltiensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Loyalty Islands.
Habitat:-Found at depths around 500 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small, light and biconic. Protoconch of 1.75 glassy whorls; spire of
moderate height (RSH=0.24) consisting of 7.25 whorls; outline deeply concave.
Subsutural ramps concave with one spiral groove initially become 3-4 deep
grooves with axial threads. Nodules present on 2-6 whorls gradually diminish
towards shoulder. Shoulder tuberculate and weakly carinate with a ridge just
below it. Sides of last whorl slightly sigmoid and attenuated towards base.
Basal half of whorl with 20 flat spiral ribbons. Aperture straight; outer lip
thin. Colour plain milky white.
Discussion:-The specimens from the Chesterfield Islands have lower spire
and weaker nodules.
Similar to C. vaubani in size and colour but C. loyaltiensis differs in having a
slightly stepped spire, 4 strong spiral grooves instead of 8-9, deeply concave
spire rather than sigmoid, spiral ribbons rather than fine ribs and axial
costae and brown streaks below shoulder are missing.
----------
Cous lozeti Richard, 1980
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNHN Mike Filmer
Published in: Cahiers
de L'Indo-Pacifique ii, no. 1, p. 9,
f. 1-4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Fort-Dauphin, SW Madagascar; 100-120 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 56 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Malagasyconus Species:-lozeti
Synonyms:-
There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Southernmost
Madagascar
Habitat:-Rather deep (50 to 200 meters) and temperate waters
Description:-Monnier & Tenorio in Xenophora Taxonomy 6, p. 47- 51
Shell conical, with a porcellaneous surface; spire low, scalariform, with a
subangulated to angulated shoulder; cords are absent on the sutural ramps,
which exhibit weak radial arcuate threads; nodules are absent; strong
tooth-like fold (dentiform plait) nearly perpendicular to the columella in the
anterior part of the aperture; protoconch large, flattened, mamillate and
paucispiral; the anal notch is deep; pattern of spiral lines of minute tents
usually present; textile bars are absent.
Discussion: Monnier et al., 2018 in Xenophora Taxonomy 19 state that bonfigliolii Bozzetti, 2010 could be a junior synonym.
----------
Conus lucasi Bozzetti, 2010
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNHN L. Bozzetti
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Malacologia
68, 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lavanono, Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23.05 x 11.90 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of chiapponorum
Lorenz, 2004
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-lucasi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Species with a ventricosely conical
profile; spire of moderate height with concave outline; shoulder
subangulate; body whorl sides convex adapically, almost straight below; body whorl surface
covered by spiral micro-cordlets and thick axial growth striae; Background
colour from whitish to light grey, with a more or less marked lilac nuance,
with irregular beige blotches at times forming 2 spiral bands above the midbody
and above the base; even spiral lines of articulated whitish and light
brown/lilac dots present on the whole surface of body whorI sides. Inside of
the mouth from beige to lilac; protoconch whitish or yellowish
Discussion:-
----------
Conus lucaya Petuch, 2000
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in FMCI Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ruthenica
x, no. 2, p. 83, figs. 1F-1I
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off West End of Grand Bahama Is., Bahamas
Type Data: Holotype in FMCI deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species; according to Filmer a synonym of Conus cardinalis Hwass in Bruguiere,
1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus
Species:-lucaya
Habitat: Under living coral in 15 mtrs
Description: Shell
small for the subgenus, elongated, with rounded, convex sides on body whorl; widest
part of the body whorl between shoulder and mid body line; shoulder angled,
weakly coronated, ornamented with 15-18 small, low, rounded knobs per whorl;
spire whorls, between suture and shoulder edge, distinctly sloping, protracted,
scalariform; body whorl smooth and polished, without spiral ornamentation;
anterior tip of the shell encircled with 10-12 closely-packed, large spiral
cords; protoconch large, proracted, mammillate, composed of 2 whorls; shell
color consistently bright cherry red with variable amounts of white clouding
and amorphous flammules; most specimens (like holotype) have wide midbody band
composed of disconnected, large white checkerlike flammules; spire whorls
bright cherry red with alternating large white flammules, producing checkered
pattern; early whorls and protoconch deep orange; interior of aperture deep
rose-pink; periostracum thin, transparent, smooth, pale yellow in color.
----------
Conus luciae Moolenbeek, 1986
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Bull.
Zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam x, no.
25, p. 211, f. 1-3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Coral Sea, Banc Nova; 296 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 55.6 x 28.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-luciae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Coral Sea; New Caledonia; Loyalty Islands
Habitat:-Found at depths of 250-600 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid. Last whorl conical, outline
convex at adapical fourth, straight below. Base of columella with a projecting
plait, more pronounced in larger specimens. Shoulder angulate or subangulate,
slightly outwardly curved. Spire usually of moderate height and variably
stepped, outline almost straight to concave. First 5-8 postnuclear whorls
tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with 2 increasing to
4-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with weak spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour pale violet, grading to white on spire. Last whorl with variably
spaced dotted brown spiral lines, very sparse on central and subshoulder areas.
A few brown spots and axial streaks are spirally aligned above and below
centre; oblique brown axial dashes arrayed below shoulder edge, partially
extending onto shoulder ramp. Teleoconch sutural ramps may have irregularly set
brown blotches and stripes. Aperture purple.
Shell Morphometry
L 37-62 mm
RW -0.10 g/mm
(L 37 mm)
RD 0.59-0.62
PMD 0.89-0.94
RSH 0.15-0.25
Discussion:-C. ione is similar
in colour pattern but differs in its slightly pyriform last whorl, the carinate
shoulders of its postnuclear whorls, prominent spiral sculpture of its last
whorl, and in the absence of spiral grooves on its sutural ramps. In addition, C. ione has brown dots at the outer
margins of its teleoconch sutural ramps and lacks a plait at the base of its
columella.
----------
Conus lucidus Wood, 1828
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Ind.
Test. Suppl., p. 8, pl. 3, f. 4
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: South Sea
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Wood, pl.
3, fig. 4
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Perplexiconus Species:-lucidus
Synonyms:- reticulatus Sowerby ii, 1834
Geographic Range:-Baja California, Mexico - Peru; Galapagos
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Walls
Fairly light in weight but thick, with a high gloss; low biconical, the sides
convex; body whorl half covered with heavy narrow spiral ridges, widely
seperated; shoulder roundly angled, not distinct from spire; spire moderate,
sharply pointed, the sides straight/concave; body whorl white to pale cream,
covered with numerous widely spaced brown spiral lines; many irregular axial
brown lines connecting spiral lines and forming rectangles;often irregular dark
blotches near midbody/base; shoulder and spire like body whorl. whitish with
dark brown lines; aperture moderately narrow, widening; outer lip variable;
mouth pale violet to white with violet blotch; columella short,narrow, projecting
anteriorly;
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lugubris Reeve, 1849
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Radula Picture: Manuel
Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Conch.
Icon., i. Conus, Suppl. pl. ix., sp. 279
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 11.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-lugubris
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-San Vicente, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Iconography
The shell is moderately small to medium sized (normal length: about 25 mm),
with rounded shoulder. Spire moderately low, with more or less straight sides
and spiral striae. Shell generally very dark brown, almost black, with spiral
lines of small whitish blotches, one near the shoulder and two or three others
on the last whorl. Aperture dark, becoming lighter towards the interior. Light
columella.
Discussion:
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Conus luquei Rolán & Trovao in Rolán, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Iberus
Sup. 2, p. 50, pl. 1, f. 2,
pl. 2, f. 2, pl. 4. f
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Bahia de Gata, Isla de Boavista, Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31.6 x 18.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of delanoyae Trovăo, 1979; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-luquei
Synonyms:- olivaceus Kiener,
1845
Geographic Range:-Boavista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-It is found among rocks to depth between 3 and 5 m in the more
open and exterior zone of the rocky reef.
Description:-Source Original description
The seashells studied have a maximum dimension between 20 and 32 mm. The
silhouette is pyriform with the shoulder well formed and spire is a little
elevated, striated and not stepped, with a sharp apex and the slightly concave
profile. The coloring is cream-yellowish or siena, plain in a normal vision;
with magnification, it is appreciated that it has white ground with spiral
brown lines, broeken or continuous and, at times, also axial lines axiales
although rarely reticulate pattern is formed; these lines are broken by white areas,
more abundant in the middle of the last whorl and, less frequently, under the
shoulder. There are darker zones in an axial sense that mark periods of growth.
The variability is quite considerable in the detail of the pattern and the
intensity of the color although, in general, the changes have little impact on
the macroscopic aspect of the seashell. The aperture is white with a zone of
violet color , marked a little toward its upper part; in the seashells with lip
less developed appears a violet color in the whole interior of the aperture
that only is interrupted by two white lines. The lip edge of the aperture is
light or dark according to the exterior color. The columella has a coloring
that can vary from white to light violet. The periostracum is smooth, of yellow
Discussion:-
Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes
New species
proposed: Africonus delanoyae Trovăo,
1979
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Conus lusca Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Lectotype in LACM
Published in: Festivus
Vol. 49, Issue 3, p. 241 – 242, Fig. 1, D
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: In 3 m depth on sand near patch reef, off the northern
end of Providenciales Island (“Provo Island”), Turks and Caicos Islands
Type Data: Lectotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15.3 x 8.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-lusca
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:- Known only from the Turks and Caicos Islands, in the
vicinity of Providenciales Island
Habitat:- On coarse carbonate sand patches between sparse Turtle Grass
and small patch reefs of living corals, in 2-3 m depths
Description:-
Shell small for genus, very stocky and rotund, inflated, wide across shoulder,
with slightly convex sides; spire distinctly pyramidal, slightly scalariform;
shoulder sharply angled, bordered by distinctive undulating carina, producing
coronated appearance; body whorl polished and shiny, sculpted with 10-12 deeply
incised spiral sulci around the anterior one-half of shell; smaller secondary
sulci present on cords formed by pairs of primary sulci; shell base color white
or pale cream-white, overlaid with 18-20 spiral rows of small reddish-brown
dots; some specimens with scattered large patches of dark reddish-brown;
shoulder carina marked with widely-spaced small brown dots along edge,
corresponding to depressions in carina undulations; aperture proportionally
wide, becoming wider toward anterior end, pale yellow color within interior;
protoconch white, proportionally large, mammilate, composed of two whorls.
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Conus luteus Sowerby i, 1833
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch.
Illus., pt. 25, f. 8 & 8*
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Anaa, Tuamotu Islands.
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38 x 15.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Leporiconus Species:-luteus
Synonyms:- sometimes Conus richardsae Röckel & Korn, 1992 is seen as a subspecies; I
prefer to list this species as a valid one.
Geographic Range:-French Polynesia to Marshall Is.
Habitat:-Moderately deep
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, light to moderately light. Last whorl
narrowly conoid-cylindrical to conoid-cylindrical or narrowly conical to
conical, narrower in C. l. richardsae;
outline almost straight to slightly convex; left side may be concave basally.
Shoulder subangulate to rounded, more angulate in C. l. richardsae. Spire of moderate height; outline convex to
domed. In C. l. richardsae, larval
shell of 3- 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.95 mm; maximum diameter about
1-1.1 mm in C. l. luteus. In C. l. luteus, first 1-2.5 postnuclear
whorls weakly tuberculate; first 0.5-4 whorls in C. l. richardsae.Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 2
increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves in C. l.
richardsae, to 4-6 grooves in C. l.
luteus; spiral sculpture may be very weak in latest whorls. Last whorl with
a few weak spiral ribs near base.
Ground colour red or yellow in C. l.
luteus, reddish violet in C. l.
richardsae. C. l. luteus with a
spiral row of red-brown axial blotches on each side of centre, and with dotted
and dashed reddish brown spiral lines from base to shoulder, or restricted to
centre. In C. l. richardsae, last
whorl with 3 spiral bands of brown axial clouds, below shoulder and on both
sides of centre; dashed spiral lines from base almost to the shoulder. Larval
shell white to pale yellow in C. l.
luteus, slightly darker in C. l.
richardsae. In C. l. luteus, early
postnuclear sutural ramps light yellow with brown dots at inner margins,
following ramps with brown axial blotches. In C. l. richardsae, sutural ramps grey to reddish violet with brown
radial blotches. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 28-54 mm
RW 0.03-0.10 g/mm
RD -(- C. l. luteus 0.48-0.53;-C. l. richardsae 0.42-0.48;)
PMD -(- C. l. luteus 0.77-0.90;-C. l. richardsae 0.76-0.94;)
RSH 0.13-0.21
Form C. l. richardsae Philippines;
narrower,ground color reddish violet with 3 spiral bands of brown axial clouds
and dashed spriral lines from base to shoulder; apex darker and spire grey to
reddish violet with brown radial blotches;
Discussion:-We consider the differences between the allopatric
populations in French Polynesia to the Marshall Islands, and the Philippines,
insufficient for separation at the species level, and we regard them as
geographic subspecies.
C. luteus has a more conical last
whorl (PMD 0.76-0.94) than C. viola and
a white aperture; its late sutural ramps are not stepped and steep.
Conus luteus richardsae
Röckel &
Korn, 1992
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype in NMC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Acta
Conchyliorum 3, p. 16, pl. 3, f. 1-7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bohol, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in NMC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36.5 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a subspecies of Conus
luteus Sowerby i, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Leporiconus Species:-luteus richardsae subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-
Form C. l. richardsae Philippines;
narrower,ground color reddish violet with 3 spiral bands of brown axial clouds
and dashed spriral lines from base to shoulder; apex darker and spire grey to
reddish violet with brown radial blotches
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus
luziensis Rolán,
Röckel & Monteiro, 1983
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype C.
pseudoventricosus Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Alexander Medvedev
Published in: La
Conchiglia xv, no. 174-175, p. 17
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Santa Luzia, Cape Verde Islands.(C. pseudoventricosus)
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Tursch (C. pseudoventricosus) and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 30.5 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. pseudoventricosus Röckel, Rolán,
Monteiro.
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
grahami Röckel, von Cosel &
Burnay, 1980
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-grahami luziensis forma
Synonyms:- pseudoventricosus
Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-On sand bottoms
Description:-Source Original description C. pseudoventricosus
The specimens collected have a bluish-white ground colour, with yellowish to
dark olive green spiral zones, and presenting some light coloured spiral bands,
usually near the shoulder, on the upper third of the body whorl and below
mid-body. The entire surface of the body whorl is covered with very fine spiral
lines, consisting of white and dark dots. The aperture is dark violet with two
white bands, at the shoulder and below mid-body, near the lip, whereas the
inner portion is white.
The body whorl is heavily inflated, with convex sides, giving the shell a broad
appearance. The spire whorls show three strong spiral grooves and the first
post-embrionic whorls are dark brown.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus lymani Clench, 1942
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in FMNH Mike Filmer
Published in: Johnsonia
1, p. 35, pl. 13, f. 3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Dredged off Neillies Pt., south of Lake Worth. Florida
Type Data: Holotype in FMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 34 x 17.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus
mindanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name lymani
----------
Conus lynceus Sowerby ii, 1858
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Thes.
Conch. iii, p. 33, pl. 19 (205), f. 469
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moluccas
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 59 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-lynceus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Taiwan, Philippines, Java, Solomon Is., Queensland,
and W. Thailand; probably Moluccas.
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-50 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl ventricosely
conical; outline convex at adapical third, less so or straight below. Shoulder
angulate to subangulate. Spire usually of moderate height, outline concave to
nearly straight. Larval shell of 3 or more whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8
mm. First 2-4 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to
slightly concave, with 0-1 increasing to 7, sometimes to 11 spiral grooves that
contain spiral threads in latest whorls. Last whorl usually almost smooth; in
subadult and some adult shells, rather widely spaced weak spiral grooves below
or to shoulder, with variably broad ribbons between.
Ground colour white to pale grey or beige, sometimes with pale bluish violet
axial streaks. Last whorl with spiral rows of yellowish to reddish or dark
brown dots, bars, and flecks, generally fusing into 2-3 interrupted or almost
solid spiral bands, on each side of centre and sometimes below shoulder. Some
shells have spiral rows replaced by distinct to obsolete, narrow light brown
bands, also concentrated into 2-3 broader bands. Larval whorls white to brown.
In shells with usual last whorl pattern, postnuclear sutural ramps with brown
to reddish or dark brown radial markings. Aperture white, violet to orange,
paler deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 50-89 mm
RW 0.15-0.70 g/mm
RD 0.50-0.58
PMD 0.75-0.86
RSH 0.11-0.18
Discussion:-C. pretiosus (C.
phuketensis) is essentially identical to C. lynceus in sculpture and colour
pattern. C. lynceus tends to have a
broader last whorl (RD 0.50- 0.58); its spire is not stepped, the spiral
grooves on its late sutural ramps more prominent but with narrower elevations
between, its periostracum grey instead of brown. C. pretiosus may represent a variant of C. lynceus, occurring in deeper water (50-150 m vs. 20-50 m) where
it lives sympatrically in W. Thailand. RKK
provisionally consider C.
pretiosus a separate species.
Some variants of C. inscriptus
closely resemble C. lynceus; they
differ in a more prominent spiral sculpture of the last whorl and a brown instead
of grey periostracum. In W. Thailand where both species occur sympatrically, C. inscriptus is smaller (L 40-56 mm),
tends to have a somewhat less ventricose and broader last whorl (PMD 0.79-0.86;
RD 0.55-0.64), and its aperture is white to beige rather than violet.
----------
Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to all images remains with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals. The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on home page.