Conus macarae Bernardi, 1857
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Published
in: J. Conchyl.
6, p. 56, pl. 2, f. 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 39 x 19.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
voluminalis Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-voluminalis macarae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Indian
Ocean; W. Pacific
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 100 m
Description:-
C.
macarae refers to specimens with weak orange colour plain pattern
which have very weak spiral lines.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus mackintoshi Petuch, 2013
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in FMNH D. Sargent
Picture
Link: Paul
kersten
Published
in: Biogeography
and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks; p. 223; p. 95, fg. D & E
Ocean geography: Western Pacific
Type Locality: off Little St. James Island, U.S. Virgin Islands
Type Data: Holotype in FMNHdeposited and catalogued
Type Size: 13.7 x 7.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-mackintoshi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- W. Pacific
Habitat:-In clean carbonate sand and coral rubble, 10 m depth
Description:-
Shell elongated, with straight sides; shoulder sharply angled, bordered by
sharp carina; spire pyramidal, stepped, body whorl smooth and shiny, with
numerous very fine, faintly
Incised
spiral sulci which become larger and more prominent at anterior end; aperture
narrow, becoming slightly wider at anterior end; shell color pale salmon-pink
with variable amounts of amorphous orange flammules; orange and pink base color
overlaid with 20-30 very fine, closely packed reddish-brown spiral hairlines
and scattered small white patches; shoulder carina white, marked with lines of
widely spaced large orange spots; spire whorls whitish-salmon with evenly
spaced large pale orange flammules that correspond to carina spots; early
whorls and protoconch white; interior of aperture pale salmon-pink; protoconch
proportionally very large, mamillate, projecting, composed of 2 whorls.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus maculospira Pilsbry & Johnson, 1921
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad.
73, p. 330
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known (C.
planiliratus Sowerby, 1870)
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued (C.
planiliratus)
Type Size: 41 x 20 mm
Nomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum)
for C. planiliratus Sowerby, 1870.
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
inscriptus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-inscriptus maculospira forma
Synonyms:- planiliratus Sowerby
iii, 1870
Geographic Range:-Burma, W. Thailand.
Habitat:-Found at depths of 10-80 m.
Description:-
C. planiliratus and C. maculospira refer to shells from
Burma and W. Thailand with a rather ventricose and prominently sculptured last
whorl, a paucispiral larval shell, and a white aperture.
Discussion:-C. planiliratus
was renamed C. maculospira.
----------
Conus madagascariensis Sowerby ii, 1858
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Lectotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Thes. Conch. iii, p. 43, pl. 210 (24), f. 582
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Madagascar (Dubious)
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-madagascariensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-S. India
Habitat:-From the infralittoral fringe to about 50 m, more common below
20 m; on shallow-subtidal reef flats, in coarse sand and rubble, often among
sea-weed and beneath rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical; outline moderately convex at
adapical third, less so to straight below; left side often slightly concave
near base. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder
angulate. Spire low, outline slightly concave to slightly sigmoid, with a
straight-sided apex. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.9
mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 3-4 weak to
obsolete spiral grooves and many spiral striae in late whorls. Last whorl with
weak spiral ribs on basal third.
Ground colour white, often variably tinged with violet, sometimes more
prominently so at base. Last whorl with a rather fine and regular network of
dark brown lines edging numerous tiny to medium-sized ground colour tents.
Overlying light brown to reddish brown spiral streaks, spots, flecks or
blotches generally arranged in an interrupted spiral band on each side of
centre and interspersed with spiral lines of alternating darker brown and white
markings. Larval shell white. Early postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate white
to pink. Following ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 45-69 mm
RW 0.20-0.36 g/mm
(L 45-57 mm)
RD 0.55-0.60
PMD 0.77-0.83
RSH 0.07-0.12
Discussion:-C. madagascariensis
resembles C. omaria and C. pennaceus. C. omaria has a reddish
violet and narrower larval shell (0.7-0.8 mm), its aperture is not pure white,
and Indian Ocean shells differ additionally in their narrower and consistently
conoid-cylindrical last whorls (RD 0.45-0.56).
----------
Conus madecassina Bozzetti, 2012
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Luigi Bozzettti
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Malacologia 74, 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lavanono, Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 32 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Genus:-Asperella Species:-madecassina
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original Description
Species with a shell of small size for the genus, profile conical, spire low,
moderately stepped, with slightly concave outline, shoulder subangulate, body
whorl sides almost straight. Aperture uniformly narrow, body whorl walls smooth
with the exception of thick axial growth striae, and 4 spiral basal grooves.
Background colour white, last whorl evenly covered by spiral rows of orange/brownish
dots, sometimes fused in axial flames and blotches and forming one irregular,
interrupted spiral band on the anterior third.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus magdalenae Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv.
2, p. 293, pl. 69,
f. 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 54 x 26 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
floccatus Sowerby, 1841
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-floccatus magdalenae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Japan to
Solomons and New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 1-80 m; from lagoon pinnacles to the outer side of barrier
reefs, living in sand pockets and caves, beneath rocks and on diverse reef
substrate
Description:-
C. magdalenae refers to the yellow
colour form of C. floccatus, and C. circumsignatus seems to be based on a
subadult shell of the same shape and similar colour with prominent dark
blotches and spiral rows on its last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus magellanicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des
Vers., Vol. 1, p. 633
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Strait of Magellan [erroneous]
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-magellanicus
Synonyms:- maculiferus Sowerby
ii, 1833; ornatus Sowerby ii, 1833; cidaris Kiener, 1845; colombianus Petuch, 1987; hilli Petuch, 1990
Geographic Range:-Martinique, Guadeloupe
Habitat:-Found at depths of 1-6 m
Description:-Source Vink
The type specimen (26 x 15 mm) is light yellow with a white shoulder and a
white midbody band, both with scalloped edges. In addition there are scattered
brown dots and markings. The spire is very low (and deformed in this specimen),
the shoulder roundly angled with obsolete coronation, the body whorl smooth.
The colour pattern is quite variable: shells can be yellow, red or red brown.
In addition to a white mid-body band there often are longitudinal white
'flames'; other specimens are nearly entirely red. Various shells have spiral
rows of very small dots. Most of the cones pictured are juvenile specimens of
nearly 16 mm length with about 15 small but distinct nodules on the shoulder of
the body whorl. Adult specimens of some 25 mm length have a very short spire,
the coronation becomes obsolete. Walls (1979) erroneously identified C. flavescens Sowerby, 1834 from Florida
with C. magellanicus
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magellanicus f.
colombianus Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas. p. 114,
pl. 17, f. 11 & 12
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Islas del Rosario, Colombia; 35 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magellanicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-magellanicus colombianus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Colombia
Habitat:-Found around 35m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for genus, stocky, broad across shoulder; spire low, flattened;
shoulder sharp-angled; body whorl smooth, with 10 small spiral cords around
anterior end; spire with 4 spiral threads; shell pale yellow with 4 closely-
spaced brown lines around body whorl just below {anterior of) mid- body; brown
flammules and white blotches run through 4 lines and extend over anterior tip;
body whorl above (posterior of) mid-
body line without markings or pattern; spire marked with large, evenly-spaced
orange-tan flammules; spire flammules extend onto sharp edge of shoulder,
giving shoulder checkered appearance; interior of aperture white.
Discussion:-Filmer has as synonym of C.
magellicanus but Western Atlantic DB has as synonym of C. amphiurgus.
Although dead- collected and quite faded, enough characteristics remain to show
that Conus colombianus is quite
different from any other known Caribbean cone shell. In shape, and in having a
smooth, sharp-angled shoulder, it somewhat resembles C. mayaguensis Usticke from Puerto Rico (endemic to that island),
but differs in having a two-toned color pattern, with an unpatterned posterior
half and a flammuled and lined anterior half. Conus colombianus appears to belong to the C. magellanicus Hwass species complex and is the only species of
the group to have such a two-toned color pattern. A fresh specimen would
probably be orange with darker orange- brown markings. This new species may be
endemic to the coral reef areas around the archipelago of the Islas del
Rosario.
Tucker suggests a grouping with C. havanensis.
Conus magellanicus f.
hilli Petuch, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: Nautilus. 104 (2), p. 68, f. 36
& 37
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Portobelo, Panama.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21 x 12 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus magellanicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-magellanicus hilli forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Panama
Habitat:-Found at depths around 25 m
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell stocky, broad across shoulder; spire low, flattened; shoulder
sharply-angled, subcarinated; shoulder and spire whorls obsoletely coronated,
with low, evenly-spaced undulations along periphery; body whorl very smooth,
polished, shiny; anterior tip with 10 small, slightly raised spiral cords;
shell color deep purple-blue with blotchy, light blue band around midbody;
light blue midbody band marked with 4 rows of tiny, closely-spaced
reddish-brown dots; spire whorls white with evenly-spaced, large dark brown
crescent-shaped flammules; protoconch mammillate. protracted, light orange in
color; aperture narrow, purple within.
Discussion:-Conus hilli is
most similar to, and apparently is a close relative of, Conus kulkulcan Petuch, 1980 from the Bay Islands of Honduras. The
new species differs from C. kulkulcan,
however, in having a lower, flatter spire, and in having a squatter, less
elongated shape. The spire whorls and shoulder of C. kulkulcan are marked with numerous fine, dark brown hairlines,
but these are absent on C. hilli. Conus
kulkulcan is also a textured shell, having spiral rows of tiny pustules
around the body whorl. Conus hilli,
on the other hand, is an untextured shell, having a highly polished, shiny body
whorl. Conus hilli forms an
interesting species trio with closely-related Honduran and Colombian species.
This complex, then, includes C. kulkulcan
from Honduras, C. hilli from Panama,
and C. colombianus Petuch, 1987 from
northern Colombia. Other related species in this close-knit Caribbean complex
include C. jucundus Sowerby,1887 (= C. abbotti Clench, 1942) and C. inconstans E. A. Smith, 1877 from the
Bahamas, C. arangoi Sarasua, 1977
from Cuba, Cay Sal, and Turks and Caicos, C.
cardinalis Hwass, 1792, mayaguensis
Nowell-Usticke, 1968 from the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, C. harasewychi Petuch, 1987 from Palm
Beach, Florida, and possibly C. abrolhosensis
Petuch, 1987 from the Abrolhos Archipelago of Brazil.
John Tucker proposes that this is a species close to C. arangoi.
----------
Conus magister Doiteau, 1981
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan
Published in: Rossiniana no. xiii, p. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia; 20 m on muddy bottom
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 97 x 51 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
crocatus Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-crocatus magister forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Noumea, New Caledonia
Habitat:-Reported from from about 20 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. crocatus
Shell Morphometry
L - (-form magister 70-110 mm)
RW
RD -(-form magister 0.55-0.64)
Discussion:-RKK consider C.
magister to represent a large local form of C. crocatus from the Noumea area, New Caledonia.
----------
Conus magnificus Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus, pl. 6, sp. 32
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Matnog, Island of Luzon, Philippines
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 91.7 x 42.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-magnificus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Okinawa, Philippines, Solomon Is., Queensland (Low
Is.), Tahiti, Marquesas, Samoa, and Marshall Is.
Habitat:-In 5-50 m; on lagoon pinnacles, reef flats and the outer slope
of reefs, in sand or rubble often beneath rocks, or in caves.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid. Last whorl usually conoid-cylindrical to
ventricosely conical or conical; outline slightly convex to straight, convex
below shoulder. Shoulder subangulate to rounded, sometimes indistinct. Spire of
moderate height; outline slightly concave to straight, with domed early postnuclear
whorls. Larval shell multispiral and projecting, maximum diameter 0.6-0.7 mm.
Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, often slightly concave in late whorls, with
numerous obsolete spiral striae. Last whorl with closely spaced, rather weak
spiral ribs basally and spiral threads above; surface with a high gloss.
Ground colour white, suffused with red. Last whorl overlaid with brown to red
brown, leaving many tiny to medium-sized, separate or overlapping tentlike to
rounded ground-colour markings; tents concentrated in 3-4 axial bands from base
to shoulder, and in 3 spiral bands, below shoulder, below centre, and near
base. Some shells with a rather regular network of brown lines and few small
brown blotches. Brown zones interspersed with dark brown spiral lines
articulated with small white dots or tents. Larval whorls and first postnuclear
sutural ramps pinkish violet. Following ramps matching last whorl in colour
pattern. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 55-92 mm
RW 0.30-0.71 g/mm
(L 55-76 mm)
RD 0.49-0.60
PMD 0.75-0.90
RSH 0.13-0.19
Discussion:-C. episcopatus is so similar to C. magnificus in shell characters and
body colouration that they cannot always be unequivocally distinguished and are
often considered conspecific. The latter species differs in having a finer
reticulate pattern on the last whorl with a larger proportion of small
ground-colour tents and in a usually higher spire (RSH 0.13-0.19). In the
Pacific, where both species occur sympatrically, C. episcopatus lacks pink shades in the ground colour and the
surface of its shell has a lower gloss. RKK therefore provisionally favour the status of separate
species.
----------
Conus magnottei Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p.
75, pl. 12, figs. 7 & 8
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Roatan Island. Honduras; 2 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 14 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-magnottei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Caribbean
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell small for genus, squat in form; spire low, smooth, without coronations;
body whorl smooth, shiny, without sculpturing; anterior tip with few small, low
cords; color bright purplish-pink to lilac, with numerous white patches and
flammules; white or pale pink band around mid-body; holotype with band of dark
brown and white patches around mid- body; spire white, with some specimens
having scattered dark brown flammules (such as holotype); protoconch and early
whorls bright pink; interior of aperture purple.
Discussion:-Conus magnottei is
closest to C. kirkandersi from
Cozumel Is., but differs in lacking the corded sculpturing of C. kirkandersi and by having a bright
pink or lilac color pattern instead of white and brown-banded one. Conus magnottei is endemic to Roatan Is.
John Tucker suggests that it is synonym of C
hennequini.
----------
Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link: Neotype in ZIUU Bill Fenzan
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula
Picture: Manuel
Tenorio
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Systema Naturae 10th ed., 1, p. 716
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Neotype in ZIUU deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE
SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus
Synonyms:- raphanus Hwass
in Bruguiere, 1792; caesius Röding,
1798; carinatus Swainson, 1822; indicus Küster, 1838; metcalfii Reeve, 1843; ustulatus Reeve, 1844; epistomium Reeve, 1844; boivini Kiener, 1845; fucatus Reeve, 1849; assimilis A. Adams, 1854; circae Sowerby ii, 1858; rollandi Bernardi, 1860; consul Boivin, 1864; frauenfeldi Crosse, 1865;
signifer Crosse, 1865; borneensis
Sowerby ii, 1866; tasmaniae Sowerby
ii, 1866; epistomioides Weinkauff,
1875; ambaroides Shikama, 1977; fulvobullatus
da Motta, 1982; cernohorskyi da
Motta, 1983; alexisallaryi
Cossignani, 2018
Geographic Range:-Indonesia to Japan and to the Marshall Is., Wallis and
Fiji
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal; juveniles sometimes in 100 m and
more. A sand-dweller on coral reef and in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks
and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy; relative
weight varies in specimens of similar size by 50% within the same population.
Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical to conoid-cylindrical, or narrowly
conical to ventricosely conical, sometimes narrowly ovate to ovate; outline
almost straight to evenly convex. Aperture variably wider at base than near
shoulder. Shoulder angulate to subangulate. Spire of low to moderate height,
outline concave to convex. Larval shell of 1.75-2.0 whorls, maximum diameter
0.7-0.8 mm. First 3-8 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps
flat to often concave in last whorl, with 1- 2 increasing to 4- 7 spiral grooves;
latest ramps often with punctate grooves, sometimes only 2 of them distinct.
Last whorl usually with weak spiral ribs at base and finer wrinkled elevations
above. Closely set axial threads sometimes produce a minute granulation on
basal ribs.
Ground colour sometimes blue or pink, usually white but often grading to yellow
or tan. Last whorl with one adapical and one abapical spiral colour band,
dashed and dotted spiral lines and irregular axial streaks, flames or blotches.
Colour bands and axial markings pink, orange, olive, greenish to bluish grey or
shading from yellow to dark brown or black; spiral bands and axial markings
either of the same or different colour. Bands vary considerably in width,
ranging from completely absent to leaving remnants of ground colour only at
centre, shoulder and base; axial markings varying considerably either set off
from or merging with spiral bands. Spiral rows of brown to black dots and
dashes vary from absent to numerous and pronounced, often with intermittent light
dots and dashes. Pattern ranges from monochrome to multicoloured, heavily
patterned shells intergrade with immaculate white shells. Larval whorls and a
few of adjacent postnuclear sutural ramps white to beige, pink or brown; colour
may vary considerably within population. Late sutural ramps sparsely to heavily
marked with radial lines, streaks or blotches, usually matching pattern of last
whorl in one or two of its major colours. Aperture white, occasionally pale
pink or with brown blotches.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-94 mm
RW 0.10-0.83 g/mm
(L 30-89 mm)
RD 0.47-0.69
(0.47 form epistomium; 0.57-0.69 form
cernohorskyi)
PMD 0.72-0.91
RSH 0.05-0.19
Discussion:- C. magus is often
very similar to C. consors and
sometimes similar to C. fischoederi. C. magus and C. consors often cannot be distinguished by shape, sculpture or
colour pattern of the shell. C. consors
is usually larger
(51-118 rnm), and it differs in its multispiral (about 3 whorls) larval shell,
as would be expected in a species with a smaller egg and planktonic larva.
Shells of C. consors with beige to
brown larval shells can be separated for similar shells of C. magus by this
character. In addition, the spiral ribs on the sutural ramps are usually weaker
in C. consors. Very close to C. consors in colour pattern is C. magus form raphanus, but the latter
can easily be distinguished by its pink apex and yellow and olive dots on the
adjacent post-
nuclear sutural ramps. Specimens of C.
fischoederi with a reduced reticulate pattern resemble similarly patterned
forms of C. magus. The latter shells
are less ventricose and have a more angulate shoulder; their pattern shows no
remnants of a meshwork and tents. es.
In Indonesia and Philippines, C. magus is characterized by a remarkable
conchological divergence between separate populations, while the species is
rather uniform from New Caledonia to Queensland. Within the same population,
C. magus may be either largely
uniform or fairly variable in shell morphology The taxonomic status of most
nominal species assigned to C. magus
therefore remains hypothetical and disputed.RKK consider the following as
forms:
-C. ambaroides : Last whorl reddish
brown, with white axial flecks at centre; based on a subadult specimen.
-C. assimilis : Last whorl
ventricosely conical. Known from various localities.
-C. carinatus : Last whorl conical,
conoid-cylindrical or yentricosely conical. Ground colour white to tan. Colour
pattern comparatively uniform, consisting of spiral bands and lines and axial
streaks in various shades of brown. Known from Philippines (Sulu Sea, S.Luzon).
-C. cernohorskyi : Moderately small
to medium- sized, moderately solid. Last whorl usually ventricosely conical;
surface comparatively rough. Larval whorls consistently pink. Although this
variant attains broader last whorls than all other fonus of C. magus, the
overlap in relative diameter allows no clear separation; neither do the
differences in surface sculpture. Known from various Philippine localities. RKK
consider it a infrasubspecific form but perhaps it is a sibling species. C. cernohorskyi may be a synonym of C. metcalfii.
C. circae: Similar to C. raphanus in shell shape, but last
whorl often less inflated below shoulder and grading to ventricosely conical.
Known from New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands.
C. consul : Essentially similar to C. assimilis and C. fulvobullatus.
-C. epistomium: Last whorl narrowly
conoid-cylindrical; pattern similar to that of C. raphanus.
-C. frauenfeldi : In small specimens,
last whorl conical to ventricosely conical. Pattern consists of blackish-brown
axial flames and dotted or dashed spiral lines; spiral lines sometimes sparse,
often with intermittent white dots and dashes. In E. Sumatra shells almost
matching the type specimens of C.
frauenfeldi occur and also intergrade with typical C. magus. They differ from the type specimens of C. frauenfeldi in an orange to brown
instead of white to pink apex; however this difference is in the range of
variability of C. magus. We therefore
consider C. frauenfeldi a form of C.
magus; the type locality 'Madagascar' needs to be conirmed.
-C..fulvobullatus: Essentially
similar to C. assimilis.
-C. metcalfii: Relatively small and
stout. Last whorl with yellow and dark brown to black blotches. Probably the
same variant as C. cernohorskyi.
-C. raphanus: Shell relatively solid.
Last whorl conical, usually more inflated below shoulder in adult specimens
than in other forms of C. magus. Ground
colour white. Pattern consists of yellow to light brown spiral
bands, brown axial streaks of varying prominence, and dotted yellow to brown
spiral lines either on entire last whorl or restricted to colour bands. Known
from various localities in Indonesia and Philippines.
-C. rollandi: Last whorl white with
red-brown flames and axial streaks.
-C. signifier: Last whorl tinged with
reddish brown, with white flecks at centre and below In Fiji, this colour form
lives sympatrically with other colour variants.
-C. tasmaniae: Last whorl
comparatively narrow, with brown axial streaks.
-C. ustulatus : Last whorl with
closely set spiral ribs from base to shoulder and 2 broad pale yellow spiral
bands. Known from the Louisiade Archipelago (Solomon Sea) and Palawan,
Philippines. Specimens from Papua New Guinea, sometimes erroneously called 'C. melancholicus Lamarck' (see Marsh
& Rippingale, 1964): Last whorl narrowly ovate to ovate, with light to dark
brown axial streaks and flames. Aperture comparatively wide. These specimens
represent a geographic variant or a closely related species. RKK regard the following as synonyms of C. magus rather than forms: C. caesius, C .fucatus , C. borneensis,
and C. epistomioides (based on a
subadult specimen).
Conus magus f.
assimilis A. Adams, 1854
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1854, pt.
21, no.255, p. 118
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Australia
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 27.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus assimilis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indo Pacific, Australia
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. magus
C. assimilis: Last whorl ventricosely
conical. Greyish blue and white clouds with spiral lines of alternating brown
white dashes. Spire white with brown markings.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f.
carinatus Swainson, 1822
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Zool. Ill. ii pl. 112.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Swainson
(1822, pl. 112)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus carinatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. magus
C. carinatus: Last whorl conical,
conoid-cylindrical or ventricosely conical. Ground colour white to tan. Colour
pattern comparatively uniform, consisting of spiral bands and lines and axial
streaks in various shades of brown. Known from Philippines (Sulu Sea, S.Luzon).
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f.
cernohorskyi da Motta, 1983
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no.
2, p. 2, figs. 10 & 13
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Borogon, Samar Oriental, Philippines.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46.4 x 26.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus cernohorskyi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. magus
C.
cernohorskyi:
moderately small to medium- sized, moderately solid. Last whorl usually
ventricosely conical; surface comparatively rough. Larval whorls consistently
pink. The type specimen is probably sub adult; white with axial flammules of
dark brown.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f.
circae Sowerby ii, 1858
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in Cuming collection
Thes. Conch. pl. 21 (207), f. 513 & 514
Published in: Thes. Conch. iii, p. 39,
pl. 21 (207), f. 513 & 514. and pl.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Philippines
Type Data: Syntype was in Cuming collection and currently assumed to be
lost
Type Size: 52 x 26 fig.
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A form of C. magus; Specimens from New Caledonia recently renamed
C. philquiquandoni Cossignani, 2020
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus circae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C.magus
C. circae: Type figures show conical
shaped form white with tan or orange brown background with dark brown blotches
and broken dark brown spiral lines.
Discussion:-
Conus magus f.
epistomioides Weinkauff, 1875
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in LMD Mike Filmer
Published in: Syst. Conch. Cab. 2, Lief. 233,
p. 315, pl. 57, f. 5
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Africa (dubious)
Type Data: Lectotype in LMD deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 32 x 15.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus epistomioides forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. magus
The type is a subadult specimen of C. magus;
white with tan/yellow blotches and some white dots in blotches.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f.
epistomium Reeve, 1844
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus,
pl. 42, sp. 227
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mauritius (erroneus)
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 48.2 x 21.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magus
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus epistomium forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mauritius
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. magus
-C. epistomium : Last whorl narrowly
conoid-cylindrical; Ground colour white. Pattern consists of yellow to light
brown spiral bands, brown axial streaks of varying prominence, and dotted
yellow to brown spiral lines either on entire last whorl or restricted to
colour bands. Pattern, similar to that of C.
raphanus.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f.
frauenfeldi Crosse, 1865
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Lectotype
in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J. Conchyl. xiii, p. 307,
pl. x, f. 1 & 1a
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Madagascar (erroneus), corrected to Padang, South West
Sumatra, East Indian Ocean
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43.2 x 23.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus frauenfeldi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. magus
C .frauenfeldi: In small specimens,
last whorl conical to ventricosely conical. Pattern consists of blackish-brown
axial flames and dotted or dashed spiral lines; spiral lines sometimes sparse,
often with intermittent white dots and dashes. In E. Sumatra shells almost
matching the type specimens of C.
frauenfeldi occur and also intergrade with typical C. magus. They differ
from the type specimens of C. frauenfeldi
in an orange to brown instead of white to pink apex; however this difference is
in the range of variability of C. magus.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f.
fulvobullatus da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no.
1, p. 13, f. 12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled off east coast of Malaysia
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 52.5 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus fulvobullatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-
C. fulvobullatus: Essentially similar
to C. assimilis. i.e. last whorl
ventricosely conical. Greyish blue and white clouds with spiral lines of
alternating brown white dashes. Spire white with brown markings.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f. metcalfii Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Figured syntype in NHMUK Mike
Filmer
Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus, pl. 36,
sp. 192
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.7 x 14.3 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus metcalfii forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal; juveniles sometimes in 100 m and
more. A sand-dweller on coral reef and in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks
and dead coral.
Description:-
C. metcalfii : Relatively small and
stout. Last whorl with yellow tan blotches. Type is pustulose.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f.
raphanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers.
Vol. 1, p. 722
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Indian Ocean
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 61 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus raphanus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia, Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-
C. raphanus: Shell relatively solid.
Last whorl conical, usually more inflated below shoulder in adult specimens
than in other forms of C. magus.
Ground colour white. Pattern consists of yellow to light brown spiral bands,
brown axial streaks of varying prominence, and dotted yellow to brown spiral
lines either on entire last whorl or restricted to colour bands. Known from
various localities in Indonesia and Philippines.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f.
rollandi Bernardi, 1860
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Published in: J. Conchyl. viii, p. 332,
pl. xii, f. 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus rollandi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-
Form rollandi is white with reddish
brown axial blotches
Discussion:-No Data
Conus magus f. ustulatus Reeve,
1844
Pictures:.
Picture
Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus,
pl. 44, sp. 239
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Holland (Australia)
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus ustulatus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indo Pacific: Known from the Louisiade Archipelago
(Solomon Sea) and Palawan, Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and
in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-
Last whorl with closely set spiral ribs from base to shoulder and two broad
pale yellow spiral bands.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus mahogani Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus, pl. 22, sp. 126
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Salango. Is., Ecuador
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43 x 18.5 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Ximeniconus Species:-mahogani
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Gulf of california to Peru; Galapagos Islands
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Extract Iconography
Normal length ranges between 20 and 40 mm. The body whorl has an elongated
conical body. The spire is low to moderate, slightly concave in profileThe
color pattern is variable and consists of two elements over a white ground
color. This ground color is covered by dark brown markings in two bands. The
interior of the aperture is blue white. The spire is also colored. The
coloration consists of dark brown blotches. These may cross the shoulder angle.
The color shade on the whorl tops is about the same shade as the blotches and
bars in the bands. There is no spiral row of brown dots on the inner margin of
the spire whorl tops.. The body whorl is sulcate. These sulci can be restricted
to the anterior third of the shell or can nearly reach the shoulder. There are
on some specimens rows of pustules between the sulci.
Discussion:-The whorl tops of X.
ximenes have two rows of small dots on them. One borders the shoulder angle
and the other is at the suture with the preceeding whorl. In contrast, X. mahogani does not have this second
row of spots on the suture with the previous whorl.
----------
Conus maioensis Trovăo, Rolán & Felix-Alves, 1990
Picture
Link: Neotype in MNCN António Monteiro
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no.
15, p. 71, f. 11; Xenophora Taxonomy 4, p. 3 with pictures
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia do Navio Quebrado, North of Maio Id., Cabo Verde
Archpelago
Type Data: Holotype was in MBL and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 36.3 x 22.6 mm; neotype: 24.5 mm deposed and catalogued
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-maioensis
Synonyms:- cossignani Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014; crioulus Tenorio & Afonso, 2004; decolroberti
Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014; marcocastellazzii Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014; zinhoi
Cossignani, 2014; see Discussion
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Conus maioensis
Trovăo, Rolán & Feliz-Alves, 1990 (Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac., 1990, p.
69) - Holotype 36.3mm in length; shell dark brown with a midbody band of large,
irregular, bluish blotches. It was at first considered a form of C. irregularis Sowerby, but differs in
having a more raised spire, with a preponderance of light colored blotches. C. irregularis has the same color
spire as the ground color of the body whorl. The authors have also found
interspecific differences in the egg capsules of the two species, which have
been found living sympatrically at Maio Is., Cape Verde, the type locality of
the new species.
Discussion:-Monteiro, Afonso & Rosa conclude that the holotype has
been lost.It cannot be found I the Museu Bocage (currently Museu de História
Natural e da Cięnca) in Lisbon. They designate a neotype for the species;
Xenophora Taxonomy 4, p. 3.
Abalde
et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology
(2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic
relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial
genomes
Taxonomic
revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based
upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya
2020
----------
Conus malacanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype
Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 325, fig. 9)
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers.
vol. 1, p. 645
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Strait of Malacca
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau
(1798, pl. 325 fig. 9)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Stellaconus Species:-malacanus
Synonyms:- canaliculatus Dillwyn,
1817; subcarinatus Sowerby ii, 1865; cuneatus Sowerby iii, 1873
Geographic Range:-SE Asia; Bay of Bengal
Habitat:-In 5-55 m, mainly on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Usually medium-sized to moderately large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical or
ventricosely conical to broadly conical; outline variably convex at adapical
third, straight below. Shoulder carinate. Spire of low to moderate height,
outline concave to straight or sigmoid. Maximum diameter of larval shell 0.9-1
mm. First 3-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, later whorls carinate. Teleoconch
sutural ramps flat to concave or sigmoid, with 1-2 increasing to 4-7 spiral
grooves; on latest ramps, grooves weaker and with additional spiral striae.
Last whorl with distinct or weak spiral ribs and ribbons at base.
Ground colour white. Last whorl usually with 2 variably broad, continuous or
interrupted brown spiral bands, leaving ground- colour zones below shoulder, at
centre and at base. White bands usually interspersed with dark brown axial
streaks and flames and occasionally with additional brown spiral lines. Dashed
dark brown spiral lines extend from base to shoulder but vary in number and
arrangement. Pattern very variable; largely white shells intergrade with shells
overlaid with various shades of brown and shells with primarily spirally
arranged pattern intergrade with shells with axial arrangement. Larval whorls
pale orange. Later sutural ramps with very sparse to numerous brown markings;
intensity of maculation not correlated with last whorl pattern. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 45-83 mm
RW 0.35-1.13 g/mm
(L 45-85 mm)
RD 0.65-0.74
PMD 0.81-0.92
RSH 0.10-0.17
Discussion:-
----------
Conus malcolmi
Monnier & Limpalaër, 2015
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Eric Monnier
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 7, p. 18-21,
fig. 5; Pl. on p. 25
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: South Tower Reef, near Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, East coast
of the Red Sea
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38.90 x 20.60 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-malcomi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Red Sea
Habitat:-
Description:-Original Description
Medium sized shells. The shape is conical with adapically convex sides becoming
straight anteriorly. The shoulder is ccarinate and undulate. The shells have
about 10 whorls. The spire is slightly concave and moderately elevated. The
teleoconch whorls are slightly detached and tuberculate with 9 to 10 whitish
large knobs per whorl. The spiral suture is fairly undulate. Sutural ramp is
flat with 4 to 6 weak spiral cords and grooves and weak radial threads. The
body whorl has a smooth surface, decorated with more than 60 orange brown
spiral lines rather regularly spaced on on a white to yellow cream background.
Those numerous very narrow bands are undulate in the adapical first third of
the last whorl and less tight in the center of the last whorl, near the base
and below the shoulder showing variably broad paler spiral bands. Moreover some
scarce faint axial orange brown dashes are more apparent in the paler bands and
particularly on the shoulder of the holotype. The anterior end is uniformely
stained with chestnut brown and appears to be darker than the other parts of
the whorl. The spire is orange brown colored with large dull whitish nodules.
The paterture is white and uniform in width, with a quite sinusoidal inner lip.
The anal notch I V shaped and the origin of the lip has a slightly winged profile.
Shell Morphometry
L 38.90mm
RD 0.640
PMD 09.25
RSH 0.172
Discussion:-Only two specimens are known. Both in the collection of the
NHMUK.
----------
Conus maldivus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers.
Vol. 1, p. 644
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Maldive Islands
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 63 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Strategoconus Species:-maldivus
Synonyms:- dux Röding,
1798; filosus Röding, 1798; jaspideus Swainson, 1822; spirogloxus Deshayes, 1863; planaxis Deshayes, 1863; monteiroi Barros e Cunha, 1933
Geographic Range:-Mozambique to Red Sea and to S. India
Habitat:-Slightly subtidal to about 6 m on reefs and coastal flats, in
sand, sandy gravel or rubble, sometimes beneath coral blocks among weed
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, solid to moderately heavy. Last whorl conical to
narrowly conical, outline variably convex adapically and straight below.
Shoulder angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline deeply concave to
almost straight, with a conoid apex of about 7-8 postnuclear whorls projecting
from an otherwise nearly flat spire. Maximum diameter of larval shell about
0.75 mm. First 7 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat to concave, with obsolete spiral striae in late whorls. Last whorl
with fine spiral ribs at base, obsolete in larger specimens.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with 2 broad light to dark brown spiral bands,
either solid or split into axial streaks, flames, blotches or bands, leaving
ground-colour zones at shoulder, at or below centre and near base. White
subshoulder band narrow, usually crossed by axial extensions of adapical colour
band. White central band variable in width, almost immaculate to heavily
maculated with extensions of colour bands, occasionally completely absent.
White abapical zone broad or narrow, sparsely to heavily maculated with brown.
Minutely dotted to largely solid brown spiral lines extend from base to
shoulder but vary widely in number and arrangement; occasionally, spiral lines
partly interrupted by white dots and sparse, small white tents. Base dark brown
to violet-brown. Larval whorls pink. Early postnuclear sutural ramps
immaculate; late ramps with curved brown radial markings. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 50-83 mm
RW 0.30-1.06 g/mm
(L 50-80 mm)
RD 0.48-0.62
PMD 0.85-0.92
RSH 0.03-0.18
Discussion:-C. maldivus is
very similar to C. generalis and
cannot always be unequivocally separated from this species by conchological
characters. The only reliable difference is in the colour pattern: In C. generalis, the basic pattern
consists of 2 spiral colour bands that are usually solid and rarely split into
axial fragments, and that cross underlying darker axial streaks or flames
extending over the entire last whorl; the adapical ground-colour band is
usually broader and the dark spiral lines rarely consist of minute dots or
become solid. C. maldivus occurs with
C. generalis form krabiensis at
Mandapam, S. India, without producing conchological intermediates (Röckel,
1989). RKK therefore consider them as separate species.
The shells of C. capreolus are
lighter than those of C. maldivus,
the bases are white, late postnuclear whorls are carinate and lack radial
markings, and darker spiral lines are absent from their last whorl.
C. planaxis and C. spirogloxus refer to juvenile specimens assigned to C. maldivus mainly on account of their
type localities.
----------
Conus mappa [Lightfoot], 1786
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Knorr
(1757, pl. 8, fig. 4)
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Cat. Portland Mus., p. 116, no. 2554
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: China, (no. 142), [erroneous], corrected (Vink & von
Cosel) Trinidad, Lower Caribbean
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Knorr
(1757, pl. 8, fig. 4)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-mappa
Synonyms:- solidus Gmelin, 1791; mappa Hwass
in Bruguiere, 1792; surinamensis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; trinitarius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; granarius Kiener, 1845; sanctaemarthae
Vink, 1977; jesusramirezi Cossignani,
2010
Geographic Range:-North coast of South America, probably from Panama to
Trinidad, and also off the islands Los Testigos and Tobago.
Habitat:-Found on silty sand or silt and grit at depths of 15 to 40 m
Description:-Source Vink
A heavy shell, 30 to 65 mm., with moderately elevated to high, rather
straight-sided and often somewhat stepped spire. Body whorl straight-sided,
shoulder of body whorl smooth, spire whorls canaliculate. Surface varying from
smooth with faint spiral threads to more or less strongly granulated.
Protoconch highly elevated, following teleoconch whorls more or less with same
steep slope, first postnuclear whorls coronated, later whorls smooth. Animal
bright red, operculum small and elliptical, about 1/7 of aperture height.
Radula tooth described and pictured by Vink & Cosel. Periostracum tends to
be thicker than in C. cedonulli; some
specimens have a thick red-brown periostracum.
Source Vink Cosel
Shell milky white, with irregular light greenish yellow to dark brown patches
and maculations, outlined with dark brown. White dots in spiral lines in dark
areas outlined dark and interconnected by dark brown threads. Spire low to
moderately high. Typical form
Shell whitish, with light yellowish green to black maculations and patches
often not uniformly colored and not consistently darker outlined. White dots in
spiral lines very close-set or replaced by white streaks. Lighter brown or
orange patches sometimes axially connected by darker brown markings. Aperture
bluish white to pale violet. Internal restrictions variable from very strong to
very weak. Spire low to moderately high, in deep water specimens very high...C. mappa trinitarius.
Shell whitish or purplish grey to bluish violet, with often only a few orange
to dark brown patches or maculations, sometimes reduced to narrow spiral bands
only. Surface more or less strongly granulated. Internal restriction always
strong to very strong. Aperture white to pale violet or brownish. Spire
moderately high to very high......C.
mappa granarius.
A typical feature of C. mappa is an
internal restriction within the aperture which can be seen when the shell is
viewed from the base, and which is only found in this species, and to a weaker
extent in C. curassaviensis. The
restriction is caused by a hump on the anterior third of the columella, which
is a part of the outer shell layer that during growth is not dissolved in the
same amount as the surrounding parts of the outer shell layer on the columella.
Colour and pattern extremely variable, populations with differentiated pattern
in adjacent geographic areas can be distinguished which must be recognized as
subspecies: C. mappa trinitarius and C. mappa granarius besides typical C. mappa. Typical C. mappa has a milky white to pinkish white background with two
spiral bands broken into irregular maculations and patches which can be
greenish yellow to yellowish orange (Tobago) or brown to dark brown (Trinidad).
In addition about 40 close- set spiral lines of dark dots in the light areas
and white dots with dark outlines in the brown areas, interconnected by dark
brown threads. The pattern resembles that of some forms of C. cedonulli but apart from morphological differences, the spiral
lines of white and brown dots are more close-set in C. mappa, a distinctive feature already observed by Hwass (1792).
Discussion:-C. mappa could be
confused with C. cedonulli (which
usually has a lower and more concave-sided spire, and which lacks an internal
restriction within the aperture) and C.
curassaviensis (which is smaller with distinctly convex body whorl, less
canaliculate whorls and only weakly developed internal restriction.
Conus mappa granarius
Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation Kiener (1845 pl.
98, fig. 1; coll. Bernardi)
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,
p.215, pl. 98, f. 1
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Santa Marta, Colombia
Type Data: There is a cited figure : Kiener (1845, pl. 98,
fig. 1; coll. Bernardi)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of mappa [Lightfoot], 1786
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE
SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-mappa granarius subsp.
Synonyms:- interstinctus Guppy, 1866; desmotus
Tomlin, 1937; panamicus Petuch, 1990
Geographic Range:-Panama to Venezuela
Habitat:-Found on muddy sand or silt, often with calcareous algae and
sponges at depths of 3 to 50 m
Description:-Source Vink
C. mappa granarius from the mineral
substrate in the Santa Marta area differs from other populations of C. mappa in having the background colour
purplish grey to bluish violet. In some specimens the background even looks
darker than the light orange patches and maculations. On the other hand
specimens from calcareous algae bottoms usually have a white, cream or pinkish
white background. The patches or maculations may be orange, yellowish brown,
reddish brown or dark chocolate brown and may sometimes even be missing. The
shape of C. mappa granarius is
variable with deeper water specimens being very high-spired. The surface is
often strongly granulated. The internal restriction is very strong.
Vink & Cosel
Shell whitish or purplish grey to bluish violet, with often only a few orange
to dark brown patches or maculations, sometimes reduced to narrow spiral bands
only. Surface more or less strongly granulated. Internal restriction always
strong to very strong. Aperture white to pale violet or brownish. Spire
moderately high to very high
Discussion:-No Data
Conus mappa panamicus Petuch,
1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Nautilus. 104 (2), p. 67, f. 26
& 27
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Portobelo, Panama.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus
granarius Kiener, 1845.
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name panamicus
Conus mappa f.
sanctaemarthae Vink, 1977
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in RNHL Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Zool. Meded. (Leiden). li. no.
5, p. 91, pl. 1,
f. 5, pl. 4, f. 4-6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Ten km. north of Santa Marta, Colombia
Type Data: Holotype in RNHL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 29.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus mappa [Lightfoot], 1786 or Conus granarius
Kiener, 1845
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE
SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-mappa sanctaemarthae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Columbia
Habitat:-Offshore.
Description:-Source Original description
The background is purplish grey with various, somewhat darker bands and
numerous spiral lines of alternating cream and dark brown streaks. The spiral
lines , weakly sculptured near base are close together. On several specimens
there are addtional yellow brown to reddish brown maculations. Spire moderately
concave, whorls caniculate except for early whorls which are tuberculated.
Shoulder on body whorl smooth. There is strong internal restriction in aperture.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus mappa trinitarius Hwass
in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers.
Vol. 1, p. 603
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Trinidad, altered (Vink & von Cosel) to Los Testigos
Iles, Venezuela
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus mappa [Lightfoot], 1786
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-mappa trinitarius subsp
Synonyms:- caracanus Hwass
in Bruguiere, 1792
Geographic Range:-Eastern part of the coast of Venezuela
Habitat:-Found on silty sand or silt at depths of 10 to 20 m.
Occasionally in more shallow water.
Description:-Source Vink
C. mappa trinitarius differs from
typical C. mappa in having the
maculations and patches not darker outlined and not uniformly coloured, but
e.g. light brown with dark brown or yellowish with brown. In the same
population the colour of the patches is quite variable from specimen to
specimen, from black or orange to light greenish yellow. Also an albino
specimen was found (M. Mailly, personal communication 1984). Some specimens
have dark brown markings axially connecting some of the ochreous to orange
brown patches and partially outlining a few patches. The dark outlined white
dots in the spiral lines are very close-set (e.g. in the holotype) or re-
placed by short dark brown and white streaks.
Vink & Cosel
Shell whitish, with light yellowish green to black maculations and patches
often not uniformly colored and not consistently darker outlined. White dots in
spiral lines very close-set or replaced by white streaks. Lighter brown or
orange patches sometimes axially connected by darker brown markings. Aperture
bluish white to pale violet. Internal restrictions variable from very strong to
very weak. Spire low to moderately high, in deep water specimens very high.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus marchionatus Hinds, 1843
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11, p. 256,
Apr.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Marquesas Is.
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Belcher and currently assumed to
be lost
Type Size: 34mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Eugeniconus Species:-marchionatus
Synonyms:- caelatus A. Adams, 1854; eudoxus Tryon, 1883
Geographic Range:-Marquesas
Habitat:-In 12 - 40 m on sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
conical, outline variably convex at adapical third and straight below. Shoulder
carinate. Spire low, outline concave. Larval shell of about 2.0-2.25 whorls;
maximum diameter 0.7-0.9 mm. First 4-6 postnuclear whorls distinctly
tuberculate, later whorls sharply angulate to carinate. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat, variably concave in late whorls, with strong axial threads; 3
increasing to 5 wide spiral grooves and raised interstitial ribs on lateramps,
containing spiral threads in latest whorls. Last whorl with variably spaced
weak spiral grooves on basal third, separating ribs anteriorly and a few
ribbons above.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with a rather regular network of reddish brown
or sometimes yellow lines and triangular to rhomboid spots, edging larger
sometimes confluent white tents and rhomboid flecks. Pattern may concentrate in
2 spiral band within adapical and abapical third. Apex white to violet., with
white larval whorls. Later sutural ramps with reddish brown or yellow radial
lines and streaks. Aperture white, sometimes suffused with pale violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-68 mm
RW 0.10-0.65 g/mm
RD 0.60-0.67
PMD 0.88-0.90
RSH 0.02-0.12
Discussion:-C. marchionatus is
very close to C. cordigera; both have
been synonymized with C. nobilis.
Typical shells of C. cordigera have
narrower last whorls (RD 0.50-0.58), while shells of form bitleri have similarly broad but more ventricose last whorls
(PMD 0.83-0.90). The shoulder is not carinate but angulate in C. cordigera, and its colour pattern
yellowish brown to brown instead of primarly redish brown. These differences as
well as the widely disjunct ranges suggest a separation on the species level. A
2 million years old fossil from Fiji, highly similar to C. cordigera, supports the close relationship. C. nobilis differs from C.
marchionatus in its narrower last whorl (RD 0.47-0.57), its non-tuberculate
early postnuclear whorls, and its dark coloured base. It can be additionally
distinguished by the very fine darker axial lines and the coarse alternating
brown and white spiral lines within the colour zones of its last whorl.
----------
Conus marckeppensi Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017
Picture Link:
Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Published in: Malacologia 96, p. 32 34, with
picture
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Ervatăo, Baia Fátima, Boa Vista, Cabo Verde Archpelago
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 22.1 x 13,3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Status unsure, possibly a morph of Africonus borgesi
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-borgesi f. marckeppensi
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:- Cape Verde
Habitat:-No Data
Description:- Shell of medium size from 15 to 25mm, with pyriform
profile and low spire. The colour pattern of the spire consists white and
chestnut brown alternating maculations; the top of the spire is white. The
aperture is wide with a bluish white colour. Large irregular white spots are
found in a middle band on last whorl.
The shoulder is rounded and the profile of the whorl is convex becoming
straighter in lower part. The base colour of the last whorl is the same as the
spire, chestnut brown. Several spiral cords are visible in the basal area. The
siphonal canal is wide and in the axis of the development of the shell.
The siphonal canal is wide and in
the axis of the development of the shell. The new species lives in the same
area as Africonus teodorae and Africonus borgesi, but is more
comparable to Africonus josephinae (Rolán, 1980). A. marckeppensi has a lower spire and the presence of a spiral band
of white spots that are absent in comparable species. Compared to Africonus salreiensis (Rolán, 1980), it
has a similar shape but completely different patte
Discussion:- Tenorio et al. studied these
shells and comment on it in their work with the description of A. swinneni and A. fiadeiroi. See there.
----------
Conus marcocastellazzii Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014
Pictures:.
Picture Link:
Holotype
in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Malacologia 83, p. 14 -15
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Praia Real, Maio, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16.1 x 9.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Africonus
maioensis Trovăo, Rolŕn & Felix-Alves, 1990; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-marcocastellazzii
Synonyms:- Africonus maioensis
Trovăo, Rolŕn & Felix-Alves, 1990
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde
Habitat:- the specimens studied were found to be 0.5 to 5 meters
deep, over and under rock
Description:-
Pyriform shell of small dimensions, about average for the genus, with a range
from 15 to 18 mm in height; a spire with moderately elevated profile which is
slightly concave; sutures slightly stepped, he shoulder in line with the
spire;lip exterior which creates an angle of 110deg and continues with a slight
convexity. The aperture is wide and the columellar margin follows almost
perfectly the shape the outer lip with slight enlargement adapically. The
protoconch is dome-shaped, pinkish in color, detected with respect to the
spire. 4 small spiral grooves, not properly spaced , are highlighted on the
whorl tops that have a brown background colour tending to ebony alternating
with white patches. Last whorl round, smooth, with 7 wide-spaced grooves which adapically occupy the 2/5 of whorl. It
has an ebony colour with a homogeneous white speckled band at center and weaker
bands at the top and bottom. The color inside is waxy -brown. The siphonal
canal is wide.
Discussion:-
The
valid status of this species has recently disputed by several workers. They
believe we deal with specimens of Africonus maioensis Trovăo, Rolŕn & Felix-Alves,
1990.
Abalde
et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology
(2017) 17:231Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde
based on mitochondrial genomes
New species proposed: Africonus
maioensis Trovăo, Rolán &
Felix-Alves, 1990
Taxonomic
revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based
upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya
2020
----------
Conus
marcusi Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2016
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype
in LACM
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published
in: The
Festivus, Vol. 48; p. 176 ; fig. 1: G & H
Ocean
geography:
Western Atlantic
Type
Locality: off Tarpum Bay, Eleuthera Island, eastern
Exuma Sound, Bahamas
Type
Data: Holotype
in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type
Size: 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current
Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-marcusi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic
Range:- Known
only from the Exuma Sound area of southern Eleuthera Island, Bahamas, near
Tarpum Bay
Habitat:- On carbonate
sand in 3 m depth
Description:-Source Original description
Shell
very small for genus, averaging only 9 mm, stocky, truncated, broad across
shoulder; shoulder sharply-angled, bordered by thin sharp carina; spire
proportionally low, subpyramidal, only slightly stepped; body whorl smooth and
shiny, ornamented with 10-12 deeply-incised spiral sulci around anterior
one-half; base shell color pale Canary yellow, overlaid with wide, evenlyspaced
deep orange-yellow amorphous longitudinal flammules arranged in zebra pattern;
shoulder carina white, marked with widely-spaced dark reddish-brown elongated
spots; spire whorls bright yellow, marked with large, widely-spaced dark
reddish-brown flammules; aperture proportionally wide, bright yellow within
interior; protoconch proportionally very large, rounded, bulbous, composed of 2
whorls, bright cherry red in color; periostracum thin, smooth, transparent
yellow.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus mariaodeteae
Petuch & Myers, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP Petuch & Myers
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 4, p. 33 &
34, with pic., fig. 2 A - F
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: off Camocim, Ceará State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 25 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Poremskiconus Species:-mariaodetteae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Till now only known from the type locality: Camocim,
Ceará State, Brazil
Habitat:-Found dead in fishing traps, from rocky sea floor area in 40 m
depth
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell large for genus, stocky, broad across shoulder, tapering toward
anterior end; shoulder sharply angled, edged with small raised carina; spire
low, broadly subpyramidal, with slightly concave outline; spire whorls smooth;
body whorl shiny and highly polished, ornamented with 6-8 large,
widely-separated spiral cords around anterior end; body whorl colored uniformly
bright orange, orange-tan, or occasionally deep red-orange with single wide
white spiral band around mid-body; white spiral band with 4-5 rows of small
brown dots and large longitudinal brown flammules; some specimens with rows of
faint brown dots overlying base color of body whorl; spire whorls white,
overlaid with dense, closely-packed dark tan-brown crescent-shaped flammules;
white spire color and brown flammules extend onto edge of shoulder carina,
producing checkered band around shoulder; early whorls bright reddish-pink;
aperture uniformly narrow; interior of aperture orange; protoconch
proportionally large, projecting, mammillate, composed of 2 large rounded
whorls.
Discussion:-The species is compared with Conus mauricioi and Conus
brasiliensis
----------
Conus maribelae
Tenorio & Castelin, 2016
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype in MNHN Manuel Tenorio
Picture Link: Paratype
in MNHN Manuel Tenorio
Published
in: European Journal of
Taxonomy; p. 18 20; fig. 7 A-F
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Gualdalcanal, New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.5 x 12.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONOLITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-maribelae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Solomon Islands, including New Georgia Group (Vella
Lavella Isl.), Santa Isabel and Guadalcanal
Habitat:-Found at depths of 336 690 m
Description:-Original Description
Shell moderately small to medium sized. Maximum
length: 42.5 mm. Shell profile ventricosely conical, with a spire moderate to
high. Spire profile sigmoid. Multispiral protoconch with 33.5 whorls, white,
glossy and translucent. Early 45 teleoconch whorls stepped, ridged with small
nodules, which tend to disappear after the fifth whorl. Sutural ramp flat to
slightly concave, with 3 to 6 fine spiral cords becoming obsolete in late spire
whorls. Shoulder subangulate, forming a characteristic ridge, covered with
axial costae on the last whorl. Early teleoconch whorls are creamy white with a
brown spiral band on the periphery, extending over the row of nodules. On later
whorls, this brown band is interrupted by white areas. Spire creamy white with
sparse small brown blotches present in the areas near the suture. Last whorl
smooth or with very fine striae, and with spiral ribs on basal third. Ground
colour creamy white overlaid with orange-brown to purplish brown irregular
blotches or axially arranged flammules, interrupted by a ground-colour band at
the midbody. Columella white. Aperture creamy white. Anal notch shallow.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus marielae Rehder & Wilson, 1975
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Eric
Monnier
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Smithson. Contrib. Zool. no.
203, pl. 4, f. 10, frontispiece f. 10 & 11
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Half mile off Baie Motu-Hee, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40.3 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE
SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Fulgiconus Species:-marielae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Marquesas; Tuamotus; Marshall Islands
Habitat:-In 20-240 m, in or on sand bottom but also reported from coral
rubble
Description:- In C. m. marielae,
teleoconch spire similar to that of typical C.
m. moluccensis or suffused with rose or light red brown. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-60 mm
RW 0.17-0.32 g/mm (L 40-52 mm)
RD 0.51-0.61
PMD 0.81-0.88
RSH - (--C. m. marielae 0.10-0.18)
Discussion:-Seen by some as a valid species
----------
Conus marileeae Harasewych, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM M. G. Harasewych
Published in: The Nautilus, 128(2):
5558, figs. 12 - 18
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off the Sea Aquarium, Bapor Kibra,Willemstad, Curaçao
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23,7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE
SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Attenuiconus Species:-marileeae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Curaçao
Habitat:- This
new species is presently known only from off the southeastern coast of Curaçao,
at depths of 130168 m. Nearly all specimens have broken lips as well as one or
more major repaired breaks, the latter indicative
of prior, severe but unsuccessful attacks by crustaceans.
Description:- Shell of moderate size for genus (to 23 mm), with solid,
narrow (L/W _ 2.1), straight-sided, conical,
low-conical spire, projecting protoconch, and narrow aperture. Protoconch tall,
conical, increasing in diameter from 291
mm to 850 mm in 3ź evenly rounded, pitted glassy whorls.
Protoconch
forms a broad, smooth varix prior to transition to teleoconch marked by
development
of
strongly tuberculate shoulder (17 tubercles on first teleoconch whorl,
tubercles becoming weaker in subsequent whorls, absent by 5th whorl).
Teleoconch with up to 8 sharply shouldered, straight-sided whorls. Suture adpressed
in early whorls, may become shallowly impressed in later whorls. Sutural ramp
narrow, weakly concave to flat, with 46 rounded cords between suture and
shoulder. Last whorl smooth except for 56 broad, rounded spiral cords near
anterior margin of shell. Aperture long, narrow (L/W_11) with parallel sides,
deflected from shell axis by 1114_. Shell base color golden orange to orange
red, with three bands of irregular white markings: one at and below the
shoulder, one at mid-whorl, and one near the anterior margin of the shell. Band
below shoulder broadest, consisting of very irregular, vaguely sigmoidal white
flammules, which may be divided. White flammules extend over shoulder onto
sutural ramp, but rarely reach suture. White blotches in relatively narrow
band
at mid-whorl range from small and compact (Figure 8) to large and amorphous
while flammules near anterior margin
tend to form diffuse, oblique lines. Aperture color white.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus
marinae Petuch & Myers , 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP
Petuch & Myers
Picture
link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 4, 35, 37
& 38 with pic., pl. 4 E - F
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: off Porto de Itaparica, northern coast of Itaparica
Island, at the mouth of Todos os Santos, Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and
catalogued
Type Size: 20 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-marinae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Northern coast of Itaparica Island, at the mouth of
Todos os Santos, Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, endemic
Habitat:- In muddy sand, 1 m depth
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of average size for genus, elongated, proportionally slender, with
straight sides; shoulder sharply angled, bordered by large smooth carina; spire
elevated, pagoda-shaped, distinctly stepped; body whorl shiny, completely
sculptured with 18-20 incised spiral sulci, which become larger and more
deeply-incised toward anterior end; shell base color variable, ranging from
purple and violet (as in holotype), to purplish-red, to brick red, and dark
purple-brown; base colors overlaid with variable amounts of large amorphous dark
brown or reddish-brown patches and flammules; areas between incised sulci often
with rows of large white and dark tan elongated spots; shoulder carina and
edges of spire whorls pale violet or pale salmon, marked with large, prominent,
evenly-spaced dark brown spots; aperture proportionally wide, violet within
interior on purple specimens (like holotype) and
brick-red
within interior of red specimens; early whorls dark tan; protoconch
proportionally large, mammillate, composed of 2 rounded whorls, pale tan in
color.
Discussion:
----------
Conus
markpagei Aiken,
2021
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
NMSA
Published
in: Festivus 53,
p. 11-12, Fig. 1, Pl. 1
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Dredged off Port Alfred, Eastern Cape Province, South
Africa
Type
Data: Holotype
in NMSA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22.2 x 12.6 mm
Nomenclature: an available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus (Sciteconus) Species:-markpagei
Synonyms:
Geographic Range:-South Africa
Habitat:- Dredged at 90 115 m
Description:- Original Description
Shells
small, averaging 21.4 mm in size, conical, spire low, suture mildly indented.
Nipple-like protoconch, spire whorls faintly convex, shoulder rounded, spire
marked with angled brown flecks, sometimes triangular. Background colour pale
cream, overlaid with a series of brown markings of varying length, in 8 to 9
regularly broken radial bands. Base of shells tinged with plum color.
----------
Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in LSL Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten Varieties
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten Red variety from New Caledonia
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Systema Naturae 10th ed., 1, p.
712
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Asia
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 51 x 28 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-marmoreus
Synonyms:- proarchithalassus
Röding, 1798; maculatus Perry, 1811; granulatus Sowerby ii, 1839; crosseanus Bernardi, 1861; suffusus Sowerby iii, 1870; pseudomarmoreus Crosse, 1875
Geographic Range:-India to Marshall Is. and Fiji
Habitat:-In 1-15 m. On coral reef platforms and lagoon pinnacles, on
coral debris and in sand often under rocks or among weed.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to heavy. Shells from New Caledonia
consistently smaller than shells from other areas; form suffusus also lighter
than other forms. Last whorl conical, broadest in form crosseanus; outline almost straight, somewhat convex adapically.
Shoulder angulate, strongly tuberculate to. almost smooth. Spire of low to
moderate height, outline straight to slightly concave. Postnuclear spire whorls
strongly to weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave in late
whorls, with 2-4 weak spiral grooves and additional spiral striae; spiral
sculpture often obsolete. Last whorl with usually weak, regularly spaced spiral
ribs on basal fourth to half.
Ground colour usually white; may be bluish white, pale pink or pale yellow in
shells from New Caledonia. Last whorl generally with a regular network of dark
brown to black lines and triangular to rhomboid areas, outlining white tents
that are often quite uniform in shape and arrangement and usually separate from
each other. In New Caledonia, colour of network may grade to orangish red or
orangish brown, axial lines may replace network, and pattern may be reduced or
absent. Apex purplish red. Postnuclear sutural ramps with a dark brown to black
network of lines, streaks and blotches. Aperture white to pinkish orange behind
a white marginal zone.
Shell Morphometry
L 50-150 mm (New Caledonia 40 - 65 mm)
RW 0.45-1.95 g/mm (L 50-113 mm) (form
suffusus 0.21 - 0.60 g/mm)
RD 0.56-0.65 (form crosseanus 0.60 -
0.67)
PMD 0.85-0.94
RSH 0.05-0.15
Discussion:-C. bandanus is a
close relative of C. marmoreus, and
some authors have included it in the latter species. The conchological
differences are comparatively slight, consisting of more pronounced spire
tubercles and a less regular pattern with 2 distinct dark colour bands in C. bandanus, while the pattern of C. marmoreus is generally uniform and
lacks bands. Ecological differences also favour separation on the species level: C. bandanus usually lives in deeper
water and often occupies a different microhabitat where both occur in sympatry.
In Kwajalein, Marshall Is., C. marmoreus
is found on inter-island coral reef and at the east side of the lagoon on sand
bottom, while C. bandanus is restricted to rock and rubble bottoms of the
ocean-side and the lagoon-side of the west reef; co-occurrence has not been
observed
The New Caledonian populations of C.
marmoreus are often considered to represent a separate subspecies (C. m. crosseanus) or species (C. crosseanus). However, except for
their smaller size, New Caledonian shells intergrade with C. marmoreus from other localities in all morphological characters
and we consider them as form crosseanus,
characterized by weakly tuberculate post-nuclear whorls and a rather axially
line ate dark brown pattern on an often bluish white ground. Specimens with
additional spiral ground-colour lines were named var. lineata.
Form suffusus has distinct spire
tubercles, lacks any pattern elements on its white, pale pink or pale yellow
background, and its aperture is pink to orange. Immaculate white shells with a
white aperture were described as C.
suffusus var .noumeensis .
Form pseudomarmoreus is characterized
by an almost smooth shoulder. Shells with a typically arranged reddish to
brownish orange pattern are known from the Isle of Pines (New Caledonia).
Conus marmoreus f. batarde
Prigent, 1983 A nomen nudum; only listed for reference
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Rossiniana 21, 11
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bourail, New Caledonia
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum),
described as form after 1960
Taxonomy: Not applicable
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name
Conus marmoreus f. crosseanus
Bernardi, 1861
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten "lineata"
Published in: J. Conchyl. 9, p. 168, pl. 6, f. 5 & 6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 66.8 x 39.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-marmoreus crosseanus forma
Synonyms:- lineata
Crosse, 1878
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 1-15 m. On coral reef platforms and lagoon pinnacles, on
coral debris and in sand often under rocks or among weed.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. marmoreus
Shell Morphometry
(form crosseanus 0.60 - 0.67)
PMD 0.85-0.94
RSH 0.05-0.15
Discussion:-No Data
Conus marmoreus pseudomarmoreus Crosse,
1875
Pictures:
Picture Link:
Holotype
in MNHN Mike Filmer
Published in: J. Conchyl. xxiii, p. 223,
pl. ix, f. 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 50.5 x 20.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of C.marmoreus
Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-marmoreus pseudomarmoreus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 1-15 m. On coral reef platforms and lagoon pinnacles, on
coral debris and in sand often under rocks or among weed.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C. marmoreus.
Form pseudomarmoreus is characterized
by an almost smooth shoulder. Shells with a typically arranged reddish to
brownish orange pattern are known from the Isle of Pines (New Caledonia).
Discussion:-No Data
Conus marmoreus f.
suffusus Sowerby iii,
1870
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1870, 38 (pt.2),
p. 255, pl. 22, f. 9
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 55 x 33 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-marmoreus suffusus forma
Synonyms:- noumeensis
Crosse, 1872
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 1-15 m. On coral reef platforms and lagoon pinnacles, on
coral debris and in sand often under rocks or among weed.
Description:-
Form suffusus has distinct spire
tubercles, lacks any pattern elements on its white, pale pink or pale yellow
background, and its aperture is pink to orange. Immaculate white shells with a
white aperture were described as C.
suffusus var. noumeensis.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus marmoricolor
Melvill, 1900
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in
NMWC (51.5 x 26 mm) Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published
in: J. Conch. London 9 (10), p. 310, not figured
Type Locality: Not mentioned;
designated
(Lauer) Mauritius
Type Data: Two syntypes
in NMWC
Type Size: 51.5 x 26 mm
and 51 x 25.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available
name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. marmoricolor
Synonyms:- There are no
junior synonyms
Geographic
Range:- Mauritius
Habitat:
Description: A form with a
ventricosely conical to conical last whorl; low spire; regular dark reddish
brown tents.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus martensi Smith, 1884
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Rept. Zool. Collns. Alert
(1881-2), p. 488, pl. 44,
f. A
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Providence Reef, Mascarenes.
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Still regarded as a valid species but possibly it is Conus sazanka Shikama, 1970
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-martensi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Seychelles
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl
conical, outline convex at adapical fourth and straight below. Shoulder
angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to sigmoid or concave.
Larval shell of about 3 whorls (Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1987), maximum
diameter of about 1 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 3 increasing to 4-6
spiral grooves; latest ramps may only have 3-4 grooves. Last whorl with weak or
obsolete spiral ribs at base.
Colour range. Last whorl with 2 paler spiral bands, at centre and at shoulder.
Larval whorls brown. Postnuclear sutural ramps white, suffused with colour
tones of last whorl. Aperture white.
Discussion:-Comment
Known only from subadult specimen. RKK considered it a juvenile of later
described species C. alconnelli. In
fact we deal with a worn specimen of Conus
sazanka Shikama, 1970 (Personal comm. Eric Monnier)
Filmer and SA Iconography accept that C.
alconnelli is separate species based on orange tones of martensi, shell pyriform shape, spire
structure and no of spiral grooves on whorl tops.(3 v 5-6).
------------
Conus martinianus Reeve, 1844
Pictures:
Picture Link: Specimen from INHS
Published in: Conch. Icon. 1 (Conus): pl. 40,
sp. 217, (published Jan.), (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. pt. 11, no. 130: p. 173, not
figured, published Jun.)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Putao, Albay Province, Luzon Island, Philppines
Type Data: Three syntypes in BMNH
Type Size: 54.7x 25.6 mm; 52.7 x 26.3 mm; 50.5 x 25.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Re-established as a valid species by Tucker & Tenorio
2013; seen as a synonym of Conus radiatus Gmelin, 1791 by most authors
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-radiatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Solomon Islands
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-
Discussion:-Comment
Seen as a synonym of Conus radiatus
Gmelin, 1791 by most authors
----------
Conus marysae
Lorenz, 2019
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in
MNHN
Published in: Conchylia 50 (1-4) 2019, p. 67-71)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: St. Brandon
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-marysae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-St. Brandon
Habitat:- at 20 m, on sand
Description:-
The shell is ventricosely conical, moderately heavy, and solid. The spire is
convex and dome-shaped, with a painted protoconch of three whorls. the first
three postnuclear whorls are slightly coronate, with all other whorls being
smooth. There are three deeply-incised striae on the sutural ramps of the last
two whorls. the body whorl has a slight angle at the shoulder. It shows
numerous widely spaced and deeply incised striae in between thick and flattened
spiral ribs, which become slightly stronger towards the anterior. These are
crossed by longitudinal ridges of similar width, which give the shell surface a
glossy, cancellate sculpture.
The ground color of the body
whorl is white, as is the aperture inside. There is a narrow white band
directly below the shoulder and above the anterior canal. It is followed by a
pink zone and two broad brownish bands across the mid-section of the body
whorl, with a paler intermediate zone.the spire is white, with irregular brown
blotches which are tapering onto the sutural ramp of the last whorl to form
elongate spots just above and directly upon the shoulder. The spiral ribs on
the mid-section of the body whorl are decorated with elongated dark brown spots.
Those ribs that are spotted have a paler background color than the unspotted
ribs.
----------
Conus mascarenensis
Monnier & Limpalaër, 2019
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype E. Monnier
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 24, p. 32
52, fig. 1 4, 8, 3b, Pl. 1-3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Réunion Island
Type Data: Holotype of MHNR catalogued and on permanent repository at
MNHN
Type Size: 110.60 x 55.36 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-mascarenensis
Synonyms:-
Habitat:-at depths ranging from 0.5 to 63 m in and out of coral reef of
the lagoon.
Description:-
Large sized shell, conical to ventricosely conical, slightly trapezoid, in
profile. The shell is solid to heavy with a glossy appearance. The protoconch
is probably paucispiral. The apex is pale orange salmon coloured. Adult shell
has 14 or 15 whorls and the first eight are tuberculate. The spire is quite
low, its profile varies from straight to concave and somewhat becomes
subdepressed in gerontic specimens. Teleoconch sutural ramps are deeply concave
to excavate with numerous spiral grooves and the suture is well-marked. The
apex is cream to pinkish. The shoulder is rounded, the outline is strongly
convex at adapical fourth, almost straight below.
The columellar fold is strong and
ivory to cream coloured. Siphonal lip outline is intended. The aperture is slightly
wider at base than near shoulder and whitish in colour. The outer lip is almost
straight and the profile of the origin of the lip is winged. The pattern and
the colour of the new species are quite variable. The background colour of the
last whorl is ivory mostly irregularly shade by a greyish or light purple hue.
The last whorl is covered by two very large salmon or orange spiral bands
overlaid with irregular light to dark brown blotches. The radial markings on
the spire are somewhat aligned with those of the last whorl.
----------
Conus
masinoi Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2016
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype
in LACM
Published
in: The
Festivus, Vol. 48; p. 176 - 177 ; fig. 1: I & J
Ocean
geography:
Western Atlantic
Type
Locality: off Sanday Cay, Utila Cays, Honduras, Western
Caribbean Sea
Type
Data: Holotype
in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type
Size: 12.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current
Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-masinoi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic
Range:- Known
only from the Utila Cays of the Caribbean coast of Honduras
Habitat:- 5-7 m depth
on fine, clean carbonate sand near Turtle Grass beds
Description:-Source Original description
Shell
of average size for genus, fusiform, slightly inflated, with rounded sides;
shoulder sharply-angled, bordered by low, rounded carina; spire distinctly
subpyramidal, only slightly stepped; body whorl smooth and shiny, sculptured
with 12-15 incised spiral sulci, which become deeper and closer together toward
anterior end; body whorl base color pink or pale lavender (as on holotype),
overlaid with 12-15 rows of alternating brown and white spots and also numerous
widely-spaced amorphous
dark
tan or brown longitudinal flammules; shoulder carina white, marked with
widelyspaced small brown dots; suture of spire whorls edged with tiny,
evenly-spaced brown dots; some specimens (such as the specimen in the Poremski
collection) are uniformly pale pink, with only traces of longitudinal flammules
and bands of dots; aperture proportionally wide and flaring, becoming wider at
the anterior end, deep purplish-pink within interior; protoconch and early whorls
pale orange-white; protoconch proportionally large, rounded, composed of 2
whorls; periostracum thin, smooth, transparent yellow.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus massemini Monnier & Limpalaër, 2016
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Eric Monnier
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy No. 13, p.
9-11, fig. 3, Pl. 3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Iracoubo, French Guyana
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and
catalogued
Type Size : 35.75 x 16.92 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species or a synonym of vikingorum Petuch, 1993
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-massemini
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-French Guyana, Surinam
Habitat:-Found at depths between 102-104 m
Description:-Source Original description
Shell conical and medium-sized to moderately large with an average length of
41.8 mm. the adult shell has about 12 whorls. The protoconch is smooth and
ivory coloured and has at least 2.5 whorls. The spire is of moderate height.
Its outline is concave with a raised apex. The profile of the spire whorls is
slightly stepped with the 4 or 5 first early postnuclear whorls more stepped.
The suture is linear and rather deeply incised. The sutural ramp is sculptured
with about five fading to three spiral grooves and radial threads. The last
whorl is smooth with a carinate shoulder. The basal area has about 12 to 15
spiral ribs. The outline is slightly convex in the daapcal third of the last
whorl with nearly straight sides basally. The position of the maximum diameter
is of 97% of the aperture length of the shell. The aperture is long, straight
and does not widen anteriorly.
The ground colour of the shell is
light purple, the last whorl is yellow ochre to orange brown coloured. There is
a white spiral band at the middle of the last whorl which is generally overlaid
by chestnut brown blotches. Blotches of the same colour are also present below
the spiral band although they are less conspicuous. One or two irregular
interrupted white bands are situated under the shoulder. These are very
variable in width and sometimes obsolete. The last whorl is covered by a
variable number of spiral rows of rather regularly spaced chestnut brown dots
or streaks. The distribution of these spiral rows over the last whorl is very
irregular in some specimens and may include broad undotted zones. The color of
the basal part of the columella varies between whitish to orange yellow and
orange brown radial streaks and blotches running from the shoulder to the last
6 last whorls. The interior of the aperture is tinged with lavender to violet.
Discussion:-
Rabiller & Richard, 2019
suggest it is a form of vikingorum Petuch,
1993 which is closely related with daucus Hwass, 1792.
----------
Conus mauricioi Coltro, 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZUSP Bill Fenzan
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Strombus 11, p. 6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Rio do Fogo, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZUSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size :19 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
archetypus Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Poremskiconus Species:-archetypus
mauricioi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Habitat:-Lives on coral sand bottom at 10-25 meters on offshore reefs
Description:-Source: Original description
Length: 17 to 22 mm, concave-sided, almost straight moderately elevated spire
(1/5 of length). Shoulder of the body whorl smooth. Body whorl slightly convex
with 6-8 light incised lines on the base. Apex pink, nucleus with 2 to 2.5
whorls. Spire with 6 up 8 whorls. A medium deep suture between the whorls.
Color body extremely variable, from bright yellow or pink-red to brown, green,
purple and even bluish-grey. Always with white blotches or marks. Spiral cord
bands are present on 90% of the examined specimens. Top with white and brown
marks on shell color background. Pink white aperture, colored inner margin.
Discussion:-During many years this species was confused with the
Caribbean species Conus beddomei
Sowerby, 1901. Conus mauricioi is
very variable in color and patterns, the body whorl is comparatively shorter
and wider than in C. beddomei and
even in the others species of the C.
archetypus complex which occur in Brazil.
----------
Conus maya Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in LACM Bill Fenzan
LACMw
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Visaya 3 (3), 42
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Yucatan
Type Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.9 x 13.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-maya
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Yucatan, E. Mexico
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of average size for genus, moderately elongated, with slightly convex
sides in profile; spire elevated, stepped and scalariform, subpyramidal. Body
whorl polished and shiny, sculptured with 20 thin, narrow, shallow, incised
spiral grooves,; color deep yellow-orange with widely-scattered amorphous white
flammules;.paler yellow-white band present around mid-body; base color overlaid
with 14 spiral rows of large, closely-packed,elongated reddish-brown dots and
dashes; anterior tip paler yellow-orange. Spire distinctly stepped,
scalariform; color pale yellow-orange or white with regularly-spaced, large
crescent-shaped reddish-brown flammules; early whorls yellow. Shoulder smooth,
sharply-angled. Aperture narrow, interior pink, grading to orange near edge of
lip.
Discussion:
----------
Conus mayaguensis Nowell-Usticke, 1968
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in AMNH Mike Filmer
Published in: Caribbean Cones from St. Croix
and Lesser Antilles p. 15, pl. II, f. 1003
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Pta. Guanajibos and Pta. Arenas, west coast of Puerto
Rico.
Type Data: Lectotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22 x 12 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-mayaguensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Puerto Rico
Habitat:-Found at depths of some 10m under coral heads
Description:-Source Vink
A smallish shell, 20 to 25 mm, with spire of medium height and rather
straight-sides. Body whorl slightly convex from top to bottom and rather
slender. Shoulder fairly sharp with the appearance of being beaded, due to the
presence of regular white patches. Body whorl with fine raised spiral lines.
Tops of whorls with faint spiral sculpture in fresh specimens. Nucleus 1.5
whorls; post- nuclear whorls smooth. Most shells known are beach specimens,
which can be orange, reddish brown or bright pink (holotype yellowish orange).
A live collected specimen olive-green. There is a white mid-body band bordered
at the upper side by a row of brown markings, which can be so large that the
white band is broken up into irregular patches. In addition faint spiral lines
of brown dots. Spire with alternating white and brown markings, tip of base
white.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus mazei Deshayes, 1874
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: J. Conchyl. xxii, p. 64,
pl. I, f. 1
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Martinique; 90 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 58 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-mazei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-S Florida, USA - Martinique; Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Vink
Very thin and light in weight, fragile, with a good gloss; elongate biconical,
the sides nearly straight then tapering to very narrow base; body whorl with
numerous flat spiral ribs basally and extending to third or all; ribs separated
by narrower grooves containing fine axial threads; posterior third smooth or
covered with heavy ribs; shoulder broad, carinate, smooth; spire tall, sharply
pointed, the sides slightly concave; spire whorls slightly concave to flat
above, weakly/strongly carinate, early 3-5 whorls wwith fine nodules and hheavy
axial ridges posterior to margin; Body whorl creamy white to pale straw/orange
covered with 10-15 spiral rows of squarish reddish brown spots evenly spaced;
tendency for spots to fuse into axial flammules or broad bands below shoulder
and midbody; base often stained pale brown; spire whitish, covered with bright
reddish brown spots axially elongated; aperture very narrow, uniform; outer lip
thin and fragile, slightly convex; mouth white; columella internal;
Discussion:-
C. m. mazei poorly known large >50
mm early whorls weakly undulate, whorl margins not with projecting carinae and
flat not concave above; pattern of 9 rows very distinct spots; deep water off
Lesser Antilles;
I prefer to list the following
species as valid; see there.
C. m. rainsae spiral ribs extending
to midbody;early whorls distinctly nodulose; whorls projecting carinae and flat
not concave; spotting distinct, greater than 9 rows showing some tendency to
fuse or be covered with larger clouds of pale reddish brown; size small under
30mm; shallow water S. Florida to Yucatan;
C. m. mcgintyi larger and more
elongate (60mm) covered with low distinct spiral ribs; grooves between ribs
with heavy axial ridges or threads; reddish brown spotting tending to be fused
into short axial flammules, below shoulder and midbody; deeper water S. Florida
to Brazil
----------
Conus mazzolii
Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Pictures:
Picture
Link: Holotype
in LACM Bill Fenzan LACM
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Visaya 3 (4), 99
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Little Torch Key, Florida.
Type Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16.7 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus
anabathrum Crosse, 1865
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum mazzolii subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Florida Keys
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for genus, elongated, slender, biconic, with very high, elevated
spire; profile with straight sides, becoming slightly constricted at anterior
end; spire stepped, distinctly scalariform.
Smooth, glossy; anterior tip encircled with 6-8 thin spiral cords; base color
white, pink, or pale salmon-orange (as on holotype), overlaid with dark
orange-tan to dark brown irregular longitudinal flammules and patches; larger
flammules marked with 6-8 thin brown spiral lines, often composed of tiny dots
and dashes; anterior tip yellow orange or pale orange.
Shoulder sharply-angled.bordered by thin, sharp carina: subsutural area
flattened or slightly sloping.
Spire extremely high and elevated. stepped. composed of 8-9 whorls; spire
whorls smooth and shiny, ornamented with numerous extremely fine
crescent-shaped threads; spire white or pink marked with large,
regularly-spaced dark brown amorphous flammules or checker-shaped spots; early
whorls pale brown or orange-brown; protoconch pale orange. proportionally
large, rounded. mamillate. Aperture proportionally very narrow, straight,
uniformly wide; interior of aperture white or pale pinkish-white.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus mcbridei Lorenz, 2006
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in HNC Original
Description
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Schriften zur Malakozoologie 22,
671
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Sulawesi, Indonesia
Type Data: Holotype in HNC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 10.9 x 5.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-mcbridei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia
Habitat:-15 to 50 m
Description:-Source original description
The shell is small, solid, slender and ventricosely conical. The spire is
slightly dome-shaped, with a distinctly projecting knob-like protoconch. The
shoulder is rounded and very indistinctly coronate. The sides are very slightly
convex posteriorly, straight towards the tapering anterior. The body whorl
seems smooth and glossy posteriorly, but on magnificaton shows distinct, narrow
spiral grooves all over. In the basal area, there are distinct spiral ribs
becoming denser towards the anterior end. Two thirds of the posterior area,
including the spire and the protoconch, are white, with a very faint bluish
tint towards the middle of the shell. The anterior third (or even more) is
distinctly separated optically by a rich black tint. The interior reflects the
coloration of the outer shell.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus mcgintyi Pilsbry, 1955
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in ANSP Mike Filmer
Published in: Nautilus. lxix, no. 2,
p. 47, pl. 3, f. 10 & 11
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Pensacola, Florida
Type Data: Holotype in ANSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41.6 x 11.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-mcgintyi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Florida to Brazil
Habitat:-Deep water
Description:- Source Walls/original description
Very thin and light in weight, fragile, with a good gloss; nucleus of 3 glassy
whorls; elongate biconical, the sides nearly straight then tapering to very
narrow base; body whorl with numerous flattened spiral ribs; ribs separated
grooves containing delicate axial ridges or threads giving a pustulate
appearance to whorls; shoulder broad, carinate, smooth; spire tall, sharply
pointed, the sides slightly concave; spire whorls slightly concave to flat
above, weakly/strongly carinate, early 3-5 whorls with fine nodules becoming
obsolete on later whorls;4-6 spiral threads. Body whorl creamy white to pale
straw/orange covered with reddish brown spots which fuse into axial flammules
or broad bands below shoulder and midbody; spire whitish, covered with bright
reddish brown spots axially elongated; aperture very narrow, uniform; outer lip
thin and fragile,slightly convex; mouth white; columella internal;
Discussion:-C. mcgintyi larger
and more elongate (60mm) than C. mazei
and is covered with low distinct spiral ribs; grooves between ribs with heavy
axial ridges or threads;reddish brown spotting tending to be fused into short
axial flammules, below shoulder and midbody; deeper water S Florida;
Recently, the well known
Brazilean shells have been described as a valid species Dalliconus edpetuchi
Monnier, Limpalaër, Roux & Berschauer, 2015; see there.
Tucker comments: Recently, a Brazilian member of this complex was described, Dalliconus roberti. These shells are
like D. mcgintyi in that the pattern
is blotchy. At present, I see no
means to distinguish these from D.
mcgintyi.
----------
Conus mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype
Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 330, fig. 4)
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers.
Vol. 1, p. 701
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Mediterranean Sea
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau
(1798, pl. 330, fig. 4)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus
ventricosus Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name mediterraneus
----------
Conus medoci Lorenz, F., 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Published in: Visaya 1 (2), p. 19
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lavonono, Madagascar.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dendroconus Species:-medoci
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Southern Madagascar
Habitat:-Probably sublitoral zone
Description:-Source original description Visaya 2004
Medium sized to large, heavy and solid. The sides are straight, the shoulder
area convex. The spire is low, shows seven whorls, the last whorl slightly
overlaps the previous one. The body whorl is smooth except for the anterior
third where it has fine and dense spiral grooves. The aperture is rather narrow
and straight, very slightly widening anteriorly. The shell is brown, with two
paler narrow transverse bands, decorated with numerous conspicuous transverse
lines of darker brown and white intermitted stripes. The shoulder is mottled
with white and brown.
----------
Conus medvedevi Monteiro,
Afonso, Tenorio, Rosado & Pirinhas, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 5, P. 64-68; Pl. 2, fig. 1-6
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baía do Bom Fim (Lucira area) in the Namibe Province,
Angola, Southern Angola, West Africa
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 26.0 x 14.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-medvedevi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-It occurs between 0.5 and 7 meters depth, partially buried in
sand under rocks or in rock holes and fissures, normally close to the wave
action zone.
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small to moderately small, moderately solid. Last whorlventricosely
conical, slightly elongated. Profile more or less straight and with a rounded
shoulder. Spire moderately high, convex, teleoconch whorls smooth. Last whorl
smooth,except for about four spiral raised lines near the anterior tip. tip.
The ground color of the shell is dark brown, occasionally olive-brown, with
many light bluish specks (prone to fading over time) that normally form a wide
central spiral band, but can also be present almost over the entire last whorl
of the teleoconch, usually more numerous between the central band and the
shoulder. In some specimens the bluish specks can give way to reticulated arrow
shaped patterns. The spiral ramps present light bluish axial streaks. The
aperture is bluish gray inside, with a dark violet zone parallel to the lip,
interrupted about half the length of the lip and again near the shoulder; the
interior of the lip is white, with the outer color showing by transparency.
Aperture banded at the central portion and just below the shoulder.
Discussion:-
----------
Conus meleus Sowerby iii,1913
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8),
xi, p. 558, pl. ix, f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Kii, Japan
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus
boeticus Reeve, 1844
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-boeticus meleus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Japan - Australia
Habitat:-Sand shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
C boeticus
C. meleus has a white shell with
yellow axial blotches of both sides of centre
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus melinus Shikama, 1964
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in KPMY Mike Filmer
Published in: Venus vol. xxiii, no. 1, p. 36, pl. 3, f. 3-6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Arafura Sea
Type Data: Holotype in KPMY deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 70.8 x 42.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
mustelinus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-mustelinus melinus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia, Australia, Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and shallow subtidal; on reefs, on sand often
beneath dead coral rocks, on rock or in holes and crevices
----------
Conus melissae Tenorio, Afonso, Rolán, 2008
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Vita Malacologica 6, 8-10
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia de Parda, Sal, CVI
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18.5 x 10.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of longilineus Röckel, Rolán &
Monteiro, 1980
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-melissae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sal, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found in algae at 1-2 m
Description:- Last whorl with a tendency to be slightly convex; shoulder
well marked; a greenish or yellowish ground color, which varies from dark green
to light yellow; a reticulated pattern of white flecks or blotches forming
bands which are variable in number and width, usually three; a thin one at the
shoulder, another larger one at the height of the maximum diameter of the shell
and another broader one slightly below the midbody; aperture is purplish brown
with two white bands, one in the middle portion and another one in the upper
part; inner lip white with some traces of yellow or brown near the edge; spire
with white blotches, sometimes brown ones; columella purple
Discussion:-
Taxonomic
revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based
upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya
2020
----------
Conus melvilli Sowerby iii, 1879
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.46
(pt.4), p. 795, pl. 48, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Key West, Florida [erroneous]
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18.8 x 11.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Quasiconus Species:-melvilli
Synonyms:- pusio Sowerby ii, 1834; boschi Clover, 1972
Geographic Range:-Oman - Persian Gulf; Maldives
Habitat:-Shallow water; on sand at protected sites
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl
conical to broadly or ventricosely conical, outline convex. Shoulder angulate
to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to slightly
convex or sigmoid. Larval shell of 2-2.25 whorls, maximum diameter 1.3 mm
(shells from Oman) to 2.1 mm (shell from Persian Gulf). Teleoconch sutural
ramps nearly flat, with closely spaced axial threads and obsolete spiral striae
only on latest ramps; sutures usually depressed and moderately wide. Last whorl
sculpture grades from a few spiral ribbons at base to variably spaced spiral
ribs on basal half.
Ground colour white to bluish grey. Last whorl with a red-brown 'brick wall'
pattern of about 16-26 fine spiral lines and irregular, numerous to very sparse
axial dashes. Shells with a spiral row of variously sized dark greyish blue or
brown flecks just above centre and often within basal third (described as C. boschi) intergrade with shells with
large axial blotches across entire last whorl except for subshoulder area
(represented by the holotype of C.
melvilli). Larval whorls white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with dark brown
radial streaks or lines; lines often overlying broad reddish brown spots.
Aperture dark violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 20-32 mm
RW 0.09-0.17 g/mm
(L 20-30 mm)
RD 0.66-0.75
PMD 0.75-0.88
RSH 0.10-0.19
Discussion:-C. tuticorinensis is
closely related to C. melvilli. The
latter species differs in its wider sutures and the absence of spiral grooves
from its sutural ramps. In addition, C.
melvilli has a dark violet aperture, a less angulate shoulder, and tends to
have a narrower last whorl.
In Oman, shells similar in shape to the holotype of C. melvilli and intergrading in colour pattern with specimens
described as C. boschi strongly
suggest the two to be conspecific. Shells from the Persian Gulf corresponding
with the specimens from Oman in all conchological characters except for a wider
larval shell (ca. 2.1 vs. 1.3-1.7 mm) are assigned to C. melvilli.
----------
Conus memiae Habe & Kosuge, 1970
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NSMT Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula
Picture: Manuel
Tenorio
Published in: Pac. Shell News 1, no. 1, p. , text f., March. 1970, Venus
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: South China Sea
Type Data: Holotype in NSMT deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 32.8 x 16.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Yeddoconus Species:-memiae
Synonyms:- adonis Shikama, 1971
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines and Indonesia (Makassar); Solomon
Is. and Fiji
Habitat:-Found at depths of 50-240 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, light to moderately light. Last whorl usually
conical to ventricosely conical or pyriform, some specimens broader; outline
convex adapically, straight to concave below. Shoulder angulate to carinate.
Spire of moderate height to high, slightly stepped; outline concave. Larval shell
of 3-3.25 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. First 2.5-5 postnuclear whorls
tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with arcuate radial
threads and 0- 1 increasing to 4-9 spiral grooves; grooves usually obsolete on
first ramps and weak but definite on latest ramps. Last whorl with spiral
grooves, wider toward base and separated by ribbons; spiral sculpture weaker
but definite on upper half.
Ground colour white, often suffused with pink, occasionally tinged with grey,
beige, or yellow. Last whorl usually with 2 narrow white spiral bands, on each
side of centre, showing 1 or 2 spiral rows of brown dots on ribbons, and other
spiral rows of brown dots and dashes often fusing into axial streaks and
flecks. Larval whorls grey. Postnuclear sutural ramps with fine, regularly
spaced brown dots along the outer margin and with very sparse to densely set
brown radial blotches. Aperture translucent.
Shell Morphometry
L 20-32 mm
RW 0.04-0.10 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.73
PMD 0.80-0.93
RSH 0.18-0.28
Discussion:-C. memiae closely
resembles C. otohimeae, C. spirofilis, C.
aphrodite, C. baileyi, C. eugrammatus, and C. wakayamaensis. C. otohimeae has a similar colour pattern but
differs in its somewhat larger size (to 40 mm) and somewhat heavier shell (L 27-37
mm; RW 0.1 1-0.20). Its shoulder is tuberculate to undulate, its spire lower
(RSH 0.12-0.20), and its last whorl narrower (RD 0.59-0.64) and has spiral ribs
rather than ribbons. C. aphrodite has
a smaller shell (to 24 mm), without spiral ribbons adapically on its last whorl
and without spiral grooves on its late sutural ramps. C. spirofilis is similar in shape, but lacks spiral grooves on
the sutural ramps and has a usually lower spire (RSH 0.14-0.22); its last whorl
bears many brown spiral lines and may be sculptured with ribs rather than
ribbons.
C. memiae can be distinguished from C. baileyi by its broader (RD 0.62-
0.73) and often ventricose or pyriform last whorl, finer dots along the
shoulder edge, and often pink ground colour.
C. memiae is also very similar to C. eugrammatus, but it is smaller (to 32
mm) and its last whorl is often slightly pyriform. C. memiae usually has strong spiral grooves on the late sutural
ramps, and its colour pattern is more complex, with narrower white spiral bands
and spiral rows of brown dots and dashes often fusing into axial streaks and
flecks.
C. memiae also differs from C. wakayamaensis in having distinct
spiral grooves on the late sutural ramps; the outer margins of its teleoconch
sutural ramps have regularly spaced brown dots and its last whorl pattern is
more complex with usually narrower white spiral bands centrally
There are minor conchological differences among shells of C. memiae from different geographic areas: In Japan, specimens
attain larger size (32 mm); shells from Solomon Is. have a beige ground colour
and relatively low spires. The highest variability in shell characters is found
in Philippines.
----------
Conus mercator Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in LSL Mike Filmer
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Systema Naturae 10th ed., 1, p. 715
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Lectotype in LSL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24 x 13.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-mercator
Synonyms:- aurelius Röding, 1798;
cacao Ferrario, 1983; fernandi Petuch
& Berschauer, 2018; gambiensis Petuch & Berschauer, 2018; ritae
Petuch & Berschauer, 2018; reticularis
Bory, 1827; lamarckii Kiener, 1845; orri Ninomiya & da Motta in da
Motta, 1982; stimpsonorum Cossignani
& Allaryi
Geographic Range:-W. Africa Endemic to Senegal
Habitat:-Shallow Water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy, with a low gloss; low conical, the posterior sides convex and
then tapered to narrow base; basal ridges; shoulder rounded convex above, not
very distinct from spire; spire low to moderate, bluntly pointed, the sides
straight/concave; body whorl usually waxy yellowish, with two broad bands of
black reticulations leaving oval white spots, the widest band at shoulder,
narrower at midbody; base paler; pattern variable , sometimes much finer
reticulations covering most of whorl, or with broken reticulations to produce
axial flammules; spire yellowish whitish later whorls with body pattern; early
whorls whitish/bluish; aperture narrow widening; outer lip thin slightly
convex; mouth light bluish white pattern showing through; columella narrow,
internal, indented;
Patterns include:
1) Typical with distinct black and white reticulation on yellow or whitish
background;the reticulation in two bands
2) Shells with brown ground colour with small white spots forming reticulate
pattern over whole shell. Described as
reticulatus Born, 1780, reticularis
Bory, 1827 and orri Ninomiya, 1982.
3) pattern with off white ground colour and thin reticulate net of brown over
whole shell. Named as aurelius Röding
1798.
4) pattern with white ground and wavy brown axial flammules from Zoff area of
Senegal is not named.
Discussion:-The colour and pattern of C. belairensis resemble those of C. mercator but C.
belairensis is more turbinated, with an almost straight profile; the spire
of C. mercator often has a concave
profile whereas that of C. belairensis is
normally higher with slightly convex profile.
Taxonomic
revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)
based
upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya
2020
----------
Conus merleti Mayissian, 1974
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntypes Original Description
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Cat. Nom. Tax. Conidae, p. 182
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Syntype in unknown collection and currently assumed to be
lost
Type Size:
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus
moluccensis Küster, 1838
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name merleti
----------
Conus messiasi Rolán & Fernandez in Rolán, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture
Link: Paul
Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Iberus Sup. 2, p. 17, pl. 1, f. 6, pl. 2, f. 6, pl. 4, f
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Derrubado, Boavista I., Cape Verde Is.; 1-3 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.7 x 15.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of fuscoflavus
Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980: see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-messiasi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Boavista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found in depths of 1-3 meters, among stones on beaches with
scarce quantity of sand.
Description:-Source Original description
Morphology of the seashell. The maximum dimension of the majority of the
specimens falls between 20 and 28 mm. The silhouette is not very extended, with
a width of the upper part of the last whorl proportionally greater than that
other species of the islands, showing a quite definite shoulder. It spire is a
little high, not stepped, with two to four spiral grooves well marked and has
the same coloring as the seashell. This coloring seems, on first impression, to
be between green yellowish and greenish light olive. The color has even tones
and with two clearer bands, one under the shoulder and another on the lower
half of the last whorl. Toward the base the color becomes slightly brownish.
The variability is very limited, the pattern of color being repeated in all the
specimens. The aperture has on its lip yellow color or clear in an extension of
more than 1 mm. Toward the interior, a spot of color appears dark purple
interrupted by two clear lines, one near the top end and another in the middle;
towards the interior, the color returns again clear. The columela has variable
color varying between light rose and violet. The periostracum is yellow, what
gives a darker greenish tone to the specimens that possess it.
Discussion:-
Abalde
et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology
(2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic
relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial
genomes
New species proposed: Africonus
fuscoflavus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
----------
Conus metcalfii Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Conch. Icon., i, Conus,
pl. 36, sp. 192
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.7 x 14.3 mm figure
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus metcalfii forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
----------
Conus meyeri
Walls, 1979
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Pariah no. 5, p. 3
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Genezano, Natl. South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 44 x 24.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus
biliosus Röding, 1798
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-biliosus meyeri forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-S Africa; Madagascar; Mozambique
Habitat:-Intertidal and slightly subtidal
Description:-
Discussion:- form meyeri
Walls; South Africa; smaller, convex dome spire and flared aperture; weaker
tubercules.
----------
Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to
all images remain with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor
to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals.
The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications
is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on
the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve
the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on
home page.
Last update May 2021
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