Conus  pacei  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p.  55, pl. 7,  fig. 6,  pl. 9, figs. 11 & 12
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off S coast of Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas; 240 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-pacei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 250 meters
Description:-Source Original description
Shell thin, fragile, delicate, elongated in shape; spire high, protracted; shoulder sharp-angled, smooth; protoconch large, 2 whorls; aperture narrow; body whorl ornamented with numerous incised spiral sulci, giving shell silky appearance; spire whorls ornamented with 3-4 thin, spiral threads; shell color pure white; interior of aperture white; periostracum thin, yellow, translucent.
Discussion:-Discussion: Conus pacei is a member of a close- knit species complex of deep water cones comprising Conus mazei Deshayes, C. rainseae McGinty, and C. macgintyi Pilsbry. In having a rough-textured shell, C. pacei is closest to C. macgintyi  Pilsbry, but differs in being a much smaller, stockier shell, by lacking the beaded shoulder and spire whorls, and by being a pure white shell instead of having bands of large brown spots and brown spire flammules. In shape and size, C. pacei comes closest to C. rainseae McGinty from off Yucatan, Mexico, but differs in having a strongly sculptured body whorl and by lacking a color pattern. From the southern Caribbean C. mazei Deshayes, C. pacei differs in being a smaller, stockier shell, by having a much higher spire, by having a sculptured body whorl, and by lacking a spotted color pattern.
In many ways, particularly in size, proportions, and sculpturing, C. pacei resembles a pale C. insculptus Kiener from deep water in the Melanesian- Philippines region. This species resembles Dalliconus sauros in shell shape. However, the nodules are small and closely spaced unlike the large pronounced nodules in D. sauros.

 

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Conus pacificus  Moolenbeek & Röckel,  1996

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Bill Fenzan & Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Bull. Mus. nat. Hist. nat.. Paris. ser. IV,  xviii, p. 395,  figs. 4-7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bayonnaise Bank, off Wallis & Futuna Is. (11deg 53. 6' S. 179deg 32.0' W); 597-600 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20.2 x 7.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-pacificus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Wallis and Futuna Islands
Habitat:-Found at depths of 300- 600 metres
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small. cylindrical. fusiform. smooth. and glossy. Relative diameter (RD) of last whorl 0.49. relative spire height (RSH) 0.27. Protoconch partly broken. maximum diameter 0.8 mm. Teleoconch with 7.25 whorls. the first three to four whorls with small nodules and two spiral grooves. On the last whorl only one spiral groove. Shoulder slightly angulate, spire a little convex. sutural ramp almost flat. A few indistinct basal grooves.
Ground colour white. with light brown axial streaks and very fine spiral lines consisting of very fine white spots. On the last whorl four continuous axial brown streaks from base to suture.
Dimensions: shell length 20.2 mm. diameter 7.3 mm. aperture height 14.7 mm.
Discussion:-Superficially Conus pacificus appears to be most similar to the sympatric species C. cylindraceus Broderip & Sowerby I, 1830, especially in its shape. It differs by the colour which is a redder brown in C. cylindraceus, and the presence of spiral white spotted lines. The protoconch of Conus cylindraceus is narrower (diameter 0.7 mm). its spire outline is sigmoid (upper part concave, following part convex) instead of convex, and the tuberculation of the spire whorls is less pronounced. Conus auratinus Da Motta. 1982, although attaining a larger size and having a lower spire, is also similar in shape and pattern and might be a closely related species. Juveniles of Conus episcopatus Da Mona, 1882 may have a similar colour pattern but always have a more flat-sided spire.

 

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Conus padarosae  Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima

Published in: Malacologia 98; p. 18-19
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baixa de Padaroso - Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 13.4  x 6.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus antoniaensis
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-padarosae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:- at 10-12m below and between rocks
Description:-Source Original Description
Small shell (from 12 to 14 mm) with an elongated, almost biconical, pyriform profile, with a moderately high spire, weakly stepped with slight suture, slightly concave, crossed spirally and distally by 8 small striae; The color pattern of the spire is white maculations. The aperture is broad with brown-greenish purple coloration, characterized by various light bands which are more evident medial. The aperture is aligned to the shoulder.
The shell has a grayish-green color with whitish reticulated ornamentation and irregular white lines. Open siphonal channel.
Soft ports not evaluated.

Discussion:-

Proposed new species antoniaensis  Reeve, 1843.

 

Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)

based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation  Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020

 

 

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Conus pagodus  Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Alan Kohn

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,  p. 310,  pl. 70,  f. 4
Ocean geography:  Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tahiti (erroneus)
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conasprella  Species:-pagoda
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines; New Caledonia; probably Red Sea (Dahlak Archipelago).
Habitat:-Founds at depths of 50-400 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl conical to pyriform; outline almost straight to variably sigmoid, gradually or abruptly constricted at basal third. Shoulder angulate to carinate, with a deep exhalent notch. Spire of moderate height to high, variably stepped; outline concave. Larval shell of 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1 mm. First 5-8 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat or concave, with strong radial threads crossing 0-1 increasing to 4-6 major spiral grooves; sometimes about 6 additional minor grooves in last whorls. Last whorl with spiral ribbons or ribs and ribbons from base to shoulder; ribs mainly below shoulder and at base.
Ground colour white. Below shoulder and at centre, last whorl encircled with 2 weak or distinct bands composed of light brown dots and flecks; occasionally basal third with an additional brown band, and ground colour areas with irregular dotted lines. Larval whorls white to beige. First 0-3 postnuclear sutural ramps variably suffused with brown; following ramps with scattered or regular brown radial markings. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 34-50 mm
RW 0.11-0.26 g/mm
RD 0.59-0.71
PMD 0.85-0.94
RSH 0.21-0.28
Discussion:-This species has often been called C. cancellatus, but the holotype of that taxon represents a similar W. Atlantic species. C. pagodus resembles C. arcuatus from the Panamic Province; however, the latter species differs in its narrower and weaker grooves around the last whorl and in the absence of spiral grooves on its sutural ramps. Among Indo-Pacific species, C. boholensis and C. asiaticus lovellreevei have the most similar colour pattern. C. asiaticus has a lower spire (RSH 0.15-0.20) and a narrower last whorl (0.53-0.59) that is not pyriform; its larval shell is also narrower (0.7-0.8 mm) and has fewer whorls (2-2.5), and its periostracum is smooth and translucent.

Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name

 

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Conus  panamicus  Petuch,  1990

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Nautilus. 104 (2),  p. 67, f. 26 &  27
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Portobelo, Panama
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus granarius Kiener, 1845 or a subspecies of that species
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name panamicus

 

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Conus  papilliferus  Sowerby I, 1834

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Conch Ill (1834, pt. 56, fig. 79)

Picture link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 56-7, f. 79
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby I (1834,  pt. 56, fig. 79)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-papilliferus
Synonyms:- jukesii Reeve, 1848; comptus A. Adams, 1854; rossiteri Brazier, 1870
Geographic Range:-New South Wales, Australia
Habitat:-In shallow water; on flats, inhabiting areas sheltered from constant wave pounding
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium sized, light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical to broadly and ventricosely conical, sometimes slightly pyriform; outline convex, straight or sometimes slightly concave near base; left side sigmoid. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height; outline almost straight, with projecting larval shell. Larval shell of 1.5-2 whorls, maximum diameter 1.1-1.2 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave; 4 increasing to 6-10 rather fine spiral grooves on late ramps. Last whorl with variably spaced weak spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour grey to light blue or light violet. Last whorl with olive to dark brown flecks, blotches, flames and axial zigzag lines, usually arranged above and below a slightly paler spiral band at centre. Spiral rows of usually alternating brown and white dots extending from base to shoulder, variable in number and prominence. Base and basal part of columella white to light grey. Larval whorls grey to pale blue. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial markings. Aperture dark violet-brown behind a white margin, with a paler central band.
Shell Morphometry
L 20-37 mm
RW 0.05-0.20 g/mm
RD 0.66-0.73
PMD 0.77-0.85
RSH 0.08-0.14
Discussion:-C. aplustre is similar to C. papilliferus in shape and sculpture. The latter species is often larger and less straight in outline. Its last whorl pattern lacks spiral colour bands but has olive to dark brown axial markings, and the dotted spiral lines are more often incomplete or absent; its last whorl sculpture is less prominent, and its periostracum has spiral rows of tufts. The animals have a quite different colouration.
C. ardisiaceus may also be similar but differs in its generally larger size (L 25-55 mm), higher spire (RSH 0.10-0.20) and more ventricose last whorl (PMD 0.70-0.83). Its last whorl pattern often forms 2-3 spiral bands, its base and columella are brown.

 

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Conus papuensis  Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1982

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in Naturalis, Leiden Bill Fenzan

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán


 Published in: Bull. Zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam. 8,  p. 133,  figs. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Hansa Bay, New Guinea (4deg 10' S. 144deg 50' W); 60-90 m.
Type Data: Holotype in ZMA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26.3 x 12.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-papuensis
Synonyms:- moylani Delsaerdt, 2000
Geographic Range:-E. Papua New Guinea
Habitat:-Found at depths of 40-100m in mud
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical; outline convex at adapical half, straight (right side) to concave (left side) below. Shoulder angulate, sometimes irregularly undulate. Spire high, outline concave. Larval shell of 2 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.9 mm. First 4-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, later whorls undulate to smooth. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1-2 increasing to 2-3 weak spiral grooves and many spiral striae. Last whorl with variably spaced, often finely granulose spiral ribs from base to shoulder, sometimes largely smooth adapically.
Ground colour white. Entire last whorl encircled with closely spaced, fine and coarse, dotted and solid, yellowish to reddish brown lines; a pale spiral band may be present near centre, with brown axial maculae above and below. First 1-2 adapical spiral lines consist partly or completely of axial dashes, some of which extend onto shoulder ramp. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with irregularly spaced yellowish to reddish brown radial streaks. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 19-34 mm
RW 0.07-0.09 g/mm
(L 20-27 mm)
RD 0.61-0.66
PMD 0.87-0.93
RSH 0.24-0.28
Discussion:

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Conus paraguana  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas,  p. 111, pl. 25, f. 12 & 13
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Los Taques, Paraquana Peninsula, Falcon, Venezuela, Gulf of Mexico.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus flavescens Sowerby ii, 1834
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-flavescens paraguana forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Venezuela
Habitat:-Dredged around 35 m.
Description:-Source Petuch original description
Shell small for genus, thin, slender, smooth and polished; spire elevated, straight-sided; shoulder slightly rounded; anterior end with 8 deeply-impressed sulci; spire whorls smooth; color pale yellow with two wide bands of pale tan, closely- packed lines of dots and dashes; wide bands of dots separated by wide, white band around mid-body; white mid- body band with 2 lines of tiny tan dots; spire whorls heavily marked with numerous, large, yellow-tan flammules; interior of aperture white; periostracum thin, yellow, transparent, smooth.
Discussion:-This distinctive little species doesn't resemble any known western Atlantic cone shell. Juveniles of C. cingulatus Lamarck could be confused with C. paraguana but can easily be separated from the new species by being heavily sculptured, by having lower spires, and by being more darkly colored. In being a highly polished shell with bands composed of rows of dots, C. paraguana most closely resembles C. dispar Sowerby from the eastern Pacific Panamic Province, and may be its Atlantic analogue.

 

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Conus  parascalaris  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn

 

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas,  p. 112,  pl. 25,  f. 14 & 15
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Gulf of Venezuela, off Punto Fijo, Falcon, Venezuela; 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-parascalaris
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Venezuela
Habitat:-35 metres
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell thin, fragile, elongated; spire elevated, protracted, scalariform; shoulder sharply angled; body whorl smooth, polished; anterior end with numerous fine, incised sulci; color white, overlaid with closely-packed, thin, vertical, pale tan flammules; spire with scattered tan, crescent-shaped flammules; interior of aperture white; periostracum thin, pale tan, with tufts along shoulder.
Discussion:-Like Conus paraguana, C. parascalaris most closely resembles a species that is not from the western Atlantic but is, instead, from the Panamic Province. The widespread eastern Pacific species C. scalaris Valenciennes is the closest relative of this new Venezuelan species. In the Caribbean region, C. parascalaris could only be confused with C. paraguana, but differs in having a much more protracted, scalariform spire, and by lacking the rows of dots which are characteristic of C. paraguana. From C. scalaris, C. parascalaris differs in being a much smaller, more fragile shell, and by having a color pattern composed of fine, vertical, hairline flammules. Conus parascalaris appears to be the Atlantic analogue of C. scalaris.

 

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Conus  parius  Reeve, 1844

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Figure Conch. Icon. pl. 43, sp. 235.

Picture link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus,  pl. 43,  sp. 235
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Stainforth and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size :32 x 18.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-parius
Synonyms:- lineatus Röding, 1798
Geographic Range:-Philippines and Indonesia to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is. and Vanuatu
Habitat:-In 2-20 m, on mud and muddy sand bottoms
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, less so or straight below. Shoulder subangulate or rounded. Spire usually low, outline variably concave. Larval Shell multispiral, maximum diameter0.7-0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 0-1 increasing to 2-4 spiral grooves, additional spiral striae in latest whorls; sculpture usually weak on last ramp but with a distinct adaxial groove. Last whorl with almost equally spaced axially striate spiral grooves on basal half; ribbons between may turn into groups of ribs towards base.
Colour grey or cream white, grading to light brown; juveniles dark brown. Some of these colour tones often blend together both on last whorl and later sutural ramps. Larval whorls grey to beige. Early postnuclear sutural ramps brown. Aperture usually white, or shaded with violet deep within; orange in specimens from Moluccas.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-43 mm
RW 0.10-0.20 g/mm
RD 0.53-0.63
PMD 0.76-0.84
RSH 0.09-0.13
Discussion:-C. parius is most similar to C. radiatus, which often can be easily separated by its larger size. C. radiatus also differs in its slightly concave later sutural ramps with a stronger spiral sculpture and a pronounced subsutural ridge rather than of a pronounced adaxial groove, and in its darker colouration with a light base and often a contrasting light shoulder band. In the Solomon Is. and probably in W. Thailand, shells intermediate in sculpture between C. radiatus and C. parius occur. These shells resemble C. parius more closely whith respect to morphometry: L 33 - 41 mm RW 0.12 - 0.20 g/mm RD 0.55 - 0.59 PMD 0.77/0.78 RSH 0.09 - 0.12 They differ from both C. parius and C. radiatus in their last whorl pattern of well-separate brown axial streaks and flames on a white ground. Some specimens show traces of a spiral band within the adapical and abapical thirds. R.K. & K. provisionally assign these specimens to C. parius rather than to C. radiatus.

 

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Conus parvatus  Walls, 1979

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Alan Kohn

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Link: sharmiensis Manuel Tenorio & Rolán


Published in: Pariah no. 5, p. 4
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Natal, South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.4 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-parvatus
Synonyms:- pusillus Reeve, 1843; pusillus Sowerby ii, 1857; sharmiensis Wils, 1986
Geographic Range:-Red Sea - N Transkei, RSA - W Thailand
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal, usually in 0.5-5 m; on beachrock benches and reef flats, on sand among vegetation, in rock crevices, on dead coral heads and rocks, and on reef limestone or beachrock with or without a thin layer of sand .
Description:-Source Living Conidae.
Small to moderately small, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical to broadly ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical half, usually straight below. Large specimens have a transverse central ridge within aperture. Shoulder rounded to subangulate, infrequently angulate; finely tuberculate to almost smooth. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to convex. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2-3 spiral grooves in later whorls. Last whorl with obsolete to fine and smooth to finely granulose ribs around basal part.
Ground colour white to pale grey, often suffused with blue. Last whorl with pronounced spiral rows of alternating reddish brown and white dashes and dots from base to subshoulder area or to shoulder. Reddish brown axial blotches and one or a few narrow, light brown spiral bands may be located above centre. Base of columella purplish blue. Outer edges of late sutural ramps with brown dots, fine lines or, more often, bundles of lines between tubercles. Aperture light to dark purplish blue, occasionally with 2 pale bands, at centre and below shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 14-30 mm
RW 0.06-0.16 g/mm
RD 0.61-0.81
PMD 0.78-0.90
RSH 0.02-0.17
Form sharmiensis is very similar to typical form. Wils stated differences are a blood red colour to spots, axial marks on shoulder edge and no marks on spire.
Discussion:-C. parvatus is a very closely related to C. musicus and to C. sponsalis. C. sponsalis differs in the colour pattern of its shell: no pronounced spiral rows of alternating brown and white dots and dashes; typical form with a double row of reddish brown axial flames; pronounced blotches between shoulder tubercles; and in the colouration of its animal. The more intensely patterned shells of C. parvatus from Reunion have a more straight-sided last whorl than those of C. sponsalis. Kohn (1968b) referred to this species it as the Indian Ocean form of C. musicus. Walls [1979] described it as a geographic subspecies. The colour pattern of C. parvatus lacks the broad spiral bands of typical C. musicus and form mighelsi, and the brown central area of form ceylanensis. C. parvatus has a slightly more solid shell with a usually less angulate and less tuberculate shoulder and a smoother last whorl. However, because it occurs sympatrically with typical C. musicus in Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands and W. Thailand and intergrades have not been observed (Wils, 1986), R.K. & K. favour the status of a separate valid species. Reeve's C. pusillus refers obviously to this species, but it is a junior homonym and therefore not valid. Wils (1986) described shells from the Red Sea as C. parvatus sharmiensis, on the basis of minor shape and colour pattern differences, but examination of larger samples indicates that the geographic differences are not consistent.

 

Conus parvatus sharmiensis Wils, 1986

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Alan Kohn

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Link: Manuel Tenorio & Rolán


Published in: Gloria Maris 25 (5 – 6),  p. 189, figs 71 - 72

Ocean geography: Red Sea
Type Locality: Marsa el'At, 7 kms North of Sharm el Sheikh, Gulf of Akaba, Red Sea

Type Data: Holotype in ZMUA- Naturalis deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19.5 x 11.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus parvatus
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-parvatus sharmiensis forma
Geographic Range:-Red

Description: Form sharmiensis is very similar to typical form. Wils stated differences are a blood red colour to spots, axial marks on shoulder edge and no marks on spire.

 

 

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Conus  parvulus  Link, 1807

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Martini (1773,  pl. 63, fig. 707)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Besch. Nat.-Samml. Univ. Rostock, 3e Abth., p. 106
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini (1773,  pl. 63, fig. 707)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus biliosus Röding, 1798
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-biliosus parvulus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Australia
Habitat:-Intertidal and slightly subtidal.
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C. biliosus
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately light to solid. Last whorl conical, ventricosely conical or broadly and ventricosel y conical, occasionally pyriform; outline variably convex at adapical fourth to half and straight to moderately concave below; left side often sigmoid. In Indian populations, last whorl most conical, RD most variable. Shoulder angulate to subangulate, distinctly tuberculate to irregularly edged. Spire of low to moderate height, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Postnuclear spire whorls variably tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 1 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture may be weak in last whorls. Entire last whorl with rather evenly spaced, wrinkled spiral ribs and alternating wrinkled threads; spiral sculpture may be weaker toward shoulder, and some specimens are quite smooth.
Ground colour pale greyish blue or pale pink. Last whorl spirally banded with tan to olive brown or orangish brown, usually with variably broad ground-colour bands at centre and shoulder. In Indian Ocean populations, last whorl often maculated with bluish brown axial streaks; overlying spiral rows of brown dots sparsely to heavily developed on ribs. Basal part of last whorl and columella dark brown; in Indian shells basal part mostly orange or tan, often similar to adjacent parts. Apex light brown or pink. Teleoconch sutural ramps radially maculated with orange to blackish brown, varying from sparse spots between marginal tubercles to solid dark brown colouration. In small adults, aperture bluish violet, edged with brownish violet, with a pale central band and a translucent marginal zone; aperture white in large adults.
C. parvulus is shorter and wider, the spire whorls more coronate, the brown flecks sparse in axial forms, the base darker, spire unmarked except for small brown spots between coronations.
Discussion:-Similar to C.  biliosus which is larger, more elongate, base same color as shell, spire heavily/sparsely streaked dark brown, and usually flammules of dark brown.

 

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Conus paschalli  Petuch, 1998

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CMNH Alan Kohn

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Nautilus. cxi,  no. 1,  p. 36, figs. 2 & 3
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: S. side Bragman's Bluff, N. of Puerto Cabazas, Miskito Coast, Nicaragua; intertidal.
Type Data: Holotype in CMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-paschalli
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Nicaragua
Habitat:-On beach flats, low tide
Description:-Source: Original description
Conus of smaller than average length for subgenus Leptoconus (adults av 24 mm), with stocky body whorl, wide shoulder, and proportionally low spire. Shoulder sharply-angled, subcarinate. Spire whorls flattened, not caniculate. Operculum unknown. General shell form subpyriform, with convex body sides on body whorl. Body whorl tapers abruptly anteriorly, pinching-off noticeably to produce narrow siphonal area. Spire whorls slightly raised above suture line, giving stepped appearance to overall spire. Body whorl smooth and polished, marked with numerous very faint longitudinal growth lines. Spire whorls marked with very numerous, closely-spaced crescent-shaped threads. Anterior one- third of body whorl encircled with 9-11 evenly-spaced, deeply-impressed spiral sulci. Aperture proportionally narrow, widening slightly on anterior one-half of shell. Protoconch unknown, missing on holotype and type lot. Based upon proportions of broken early whorls, protoconch probably large and bulbous. Base color white or
pale yellowish-white, overlaid with 8-10 evenly-spaced spiral bands of large orange dots and blotches. In some cases, such as in holotype, dots and rectangular blotches coalesce to produce large, widely-spaced orange longitudinal flammules arranged in 'zebra' pattern. Clear white band, devoid of markings, except for few small spots, present just anteriorward of midbody line. Clear band separates dots and longitudinal flammules into two wide sections, one extending from shoulder to below midbody line, and a narrower one extending around anterior end of shell. Anterior tip of shell very pale pinkish-lavender. Spire whorls white, marked with widely spaced, orange, crescent-shaped flammules. Early whorls (and presumed prntoconch) pale orange. Interior of aperture white. Based on small patch still adhering to outer lip of holotype (later removed by cleaning in sodium hypochlorite), periostracum is thick, heavy, brown in color, marked with very fine, longitudinal striae.
Discussion:-Of the known Caribbean small Leptoconus species, Conus paschalli is most similar to Conus portobeloensis Petuch, 1990 from the San Blas Islands region of Panama. The new species differs from its southern congener in the followlng ways;
1.shell shape-C. paschalli is a smaller (av. 24 mm) species than C. portobeloensis with a stockier, proportionally shorter, and more pyriform body whorl; the shoulder of C. paschalli is sharplv-angled, almost carinated, while C. portobeloensis has a more rounded shoulder edge with only the faintest hint of a carina;
2. spire-the spire of of C. paschalli, although low like that of C. portobeloensis, is distinctly stepped, with the spire whorls being slightly raised above each subsequent suture line; the spire of the Panamanian species has depressed sutures, producing a gradually-sloping spire outline instead of a scalariform one; the spire whorls are planar on the new species, while those of C. portobeloensis are sloping and faintly canaliculate;
3. shell sculpture-C. paschalli has a smooth shell with faint longitudinal striae, while the shell of C. portobeloensis is distinctly sculptured with fine spiral threads and striae; the anterior third to the body whorl of C. paschalli is encircled with 9-11 large, deeply-incised sulci, while the anterior third of C. portobeloensis is encircled by at least 20 thin, faint raised cords and an equal number of shallow, thin sulci;
4. color-while both species have a color pattern composed of spiral lines of dots and large coalescing longitudinal flammules, C. paschalli has fewer rowS of dots and the individual dots are proportionally larger; the anterior tip of C. portobeloensis is pale yellow-orange while that of C. paschalli is pale pinkish-lavender.
5. habitat-judging from the type locality, the new species prefers muddy sand localities in shallow muddy water areas along the river effluent zone of the Miskito Coast of Nicaragua; Conus portobeloensis, on the other hand, lives in an offshore (30 m depth) carbonate substrate-clean water environment (see Petuch, 1990:68) off the Colon and San Blas coasts of Panama. Neither species, nor anything resembling them, has been collected along the intervening clean sandy coast of Costa Rica (Houbrick, 1968), demonstrating geographical and ecological separation.

 

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Conus  pascuensis  Rehder, 1980

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Smithson. Contrib. Zool. no. 289,  p. 91,  pl. 9,  f. 21-22
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Hanga Piko, Easter Is.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus miliaris Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Miliariconus Species:-miliaris pascuensis subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Easter Island; Chile
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 10 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae    C. miliaris
Small to medium-sized, usually moderately light to solid. Last whorl broadly or broadly and ventricosely conical, sometimes conical to ventricosely conical in Lndian Ocean shells; outline slightly to distinctly convex. In large specimens, aperture often with a distinct median pad and an oblique abapical ridge. Shoulder variably tuberculate, angulate (C. m. miliaris) or subangulate to rounded (C. m. pascuensis). Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to convex (C. m. miliaris) or domeshaped (C. m. pascuensis). Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.7 mm. Postnuclear spire whorls weakly to strongly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat or faintly concave. with 2 increasing to4-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with widely spaced granulose spiral ribs basally, smooth or with ribbons separated by grooves adapically. In form fulgetrum, widely set, fine, punctate grooves encircling a variable adapical portion of last whorl.
Ground colour white. Last whorl heavily tinged with apricot-tan or greyish rose leaving only blotches, broad axial zigzag lines, and broad arrow-shaped markings. White blotches fusing into a spiral band at centre and a faint band below shoulder. Variously spaced spiral rows of alternating brown and opaque white dots and dashes from base to shoulder. Larval whorls white, beige, pink or violet-red. Postnuclear sutural ramps with broad red-orange to red-brown dashes composed of collabral lines between tubercles. Aperture purplish pink to brownish violet, with paler bands at centre and below shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 22-43 mm
RW 0.12-0.48 g/mm
RD 0.67-0.83
(0.70 - 0.79 Pacific Ocean)
PMD 0.79-0.92
RSH 0.06-0.20
C. m. pascuenisis may be tinged with various shades of olive-brown and has a pronounced light coloured band without dots and dashes below edge of shoulder.

Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  patae  Abbott, 1971

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Alan Kohn
Picture link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Nautilus. 85,  p. 49,  f. 1-6
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Pompano Beach, Broward Co., Florida; 10 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24.4 x 13.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gladioconus Species:-patae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E Florida, USA; Jamaica; Bahamas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-25 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A moderately heavy shell, 20 to 30 mm, with low straight to slightly concave-sided spire. Body whorl slightly convex, more straight-sided in Jamaican specimens, shoulder rather sharply angled, sometimes undulate. Surface with undulating spiral ridges which are not evenly spaced, and many axial plicae giving the shell a wrinkled appearance. Spire sharply pointed, tops of the whorls with about six spiral threads.
Dead collected Florida specimens are white or pale salmon with two or three indistinct yellow bands, often on the upper and lower side of a lighter coloured mid-body band. A live collected specimen had three bands of golden yellow on a creamy white background, one at the base extending towards a creamy mid- body band, one above the mid-body band and one mottled band at the top of the body whorl. Fresh dead specimens from Jamaica are pink with orange brown patches. Also in these specimens a lighter coloured mid- body band is often seen, bordered at the upper and lower side by a row of. orange brown blotches. In addition there may be sparse orange brown dashes arranged in spiral lines.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus patamakanthini  Delsaerdt, 1998

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in Phuket Seashell Museum Original Description
Picture Link: Somwang Patamakanthin

 

Published in: Gloria Maris xxxvi, no. 3, p. 45. figs. 1-4
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: S. of Racha Noi Island, W. Thailand; Dredged 120 m.
Type Data: Holotype was in Phuket Seashell Museum and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 89.9 x 32.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Graphiconus Species:-patamakanthini
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Racha, Thailand
Habitat:-Found at depths around 120 m.
Description:-Source Original description
General shape narrowly conoid-cylindrical. Spire of moderate height, slightly concave; shoulder angulate. The elongated last whorl encircled with about 40 flat ribbons on which brown, axial, short streaks. This pattern is overlaid with irregular, brown blotches grouped in two broad, interrupted spiral bands and in a smaller band near the shoulder. Teleoconch sutural ramps with 3-4 spiral grooves, axially and finely striated. Pattern of the spire axially veined.
Discussion:-C. australis differs from the new species by the tuberculate postnuclear whorls; the more numerous spiral grooves on the spire whorls; the pattern of irregular blotches on the spire   (only veined in the new species) ; the form of ribs on the last whorl; the axial sculpture of the grooves between these ribs; and its outline (in the new species the last whorl is more swollen below the shoulder).
C. gabryae also have tuberculate postnuclear whorls; the ribs on the last whorl are duplicated and often granulose; sometimes an axial sculpture of the grooves (as in C. australis); the bodywhorl being more ventricose, even ovate.

 

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Conus patens  Sowerby iii, 1903

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SAMC Mike Filmer

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Mar. Inv. S. Afr. p. 218,  pl. 3, f. 7
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Vasco da Gama Park, South Africa (Atlantic coast), green sand, deep water.
Type Data: Holotype in SAMC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 68 x 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus gradatulus Weinkauff, 1875
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-gradatulus patens subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South Africa Offshore in deep water, from Cape Peninsula to Namibia (reported as far north as Walvis Bay area).
Habitat:-Deep water; Trawled offshore between 80 and 400 m of depth.
Description:-Source Iconography
General aspect of the shell as for the nominal species, but with a lower spire. The shell is white or pale beige, paternless, occasionally a few very faint markings may be present a little above the middle of the last whorl. Although the holotype of C. patens clearly corresponds to a white, thin and light shell as indicated, the name has been commonly applied to heavy, chalky white shells, often with fossil appearance even in live taken specimens. The interior of the aperture of these shells is straw-yellow, occasionally pale pink. The operculum is very small for the size of the shell.
Discussion:-The lower spire and the absence of pattern readily separate the shells of Atlantic C. gradatulus patens from the higher-spired and patterned shel1s of C. gradatulus gradatulus from the Indian Ocean. For now, and upon the information currently available, we consider the heavy, chalky shells as ecological forms (probably as result of adaptation to an environment of corrosive sand or mud) of C. gradatulus patens.
C. gradatulus patens is similar to C. teramachii, but it lacks the rim like carinate margins and the heavy nodules on the early whorls of the latter. Besides, the ground color of C. teramachii is different.

 

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Conus  patglicksteinae  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 30, pl. 5. figs. 3 & 4
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Palm Beach Island, Palm Beach Co., Florida; 120 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer  a synonym form of Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865; Tucker suggests that this may form of C. amphiurgus.
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum patglicksteinae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Beach County, Florida
Habitat:-Trawled from 400 ft.
Description:-Source Molluscan fauna 1987 C. patglicksteinae
Description: Shell solid, elongate, tapered, with low spire; body whorl smooth, with only a few faint spiral sulci around anterior tip; shoulder sharp-angled; aperture long and narrow; color bright pinkish-orange with band of scattered white patches around mid- body and few scattered white patches along shoulder area; orange body color overlaid with 12 rows of large orange- brown dots and dashes; spire whorls white with large, bright orange, interconnected flammules; interior of aperture pale pinkish-white.
Discussion:-
C. patglicksteinae: this deep water subspecies of the common shallow water Conus floridanus Gabb (and its highly colored variety floridensis Sowerby) differs from the nominate species in having a low, almost flattened spire, in being almost solid orange-pink in color, and in having large, radiating, interconnected orange spire flammules. In many ways, particularly the low, flattened spire and rows of large dots, C. floridanus patglicksteinae resembles certain orange varieties of C. regularis Sowerby from the Gulf of California. The new subspecies differs from C. floridanus burryae Clench from the Florida Keys ( a full species?) by having a much lower, flattened spire and by having a bright pinkish- orange base color. Conus floridanus patglicksteinae lives together with the other southeastern Florida deep water cones, C. flamingo Petuch, C. binghamae Petuch, C. glicksteini Petuch, and C. amphiurgus Dall (= C. juliae Clench).

 

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Conus  patonganus  da Motta, 1982

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1,  p. 7, f. 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Raya Is., Phuket, Thailand; ca. 100 ft.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 54 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name patonganus

 

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Conus  patriceae  Petuch & Myers,  2014

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP  Petuch & Myers

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 3, p. 30 with pic., pl. 1 F, G, & H
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: off Macae, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-patriceae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- From Vitoria, Espiritu Santo State (Coltro, 2011: 86-87, fig. 15) to Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; occurring only in depths of 200-300 m
Habitat:-From 300 m depth
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of average size for genus, wide across shoulder and tapering to anterior end, proportionally slender, with distinctly concave sides; shoulder sharply angled, subcarinated; spire low, flattened, only projecting on early whorls, with slightly stepped whorls; body whorl roughly-textured, ornamented with very numerous, closely-packed fine spiral cords; anterior tip with 10 strong spiral cords, separated by deeply-impressed spiral sulci; spire whorls ornamented with extremely numerous, strong, coarse crescent-shaped radiating riblets that correspond to growth increments; body whorl white with 3 wide bands of pale yellow-tan amorphous flammules, one around anterior end, one around mid-body, and one around shoulder area; scattered spiral rows of large, widely-spaced yellow-tan dots present on some specimens; spire whorls white with widely-scattered thin, amorphous yellow-tan flammules; aperture uniformly narrow, white within interior; early whorls and pale whitish-yellow or pale tan, slightly coronated; protoconch pale yellow-tan, proportionally large, rounded, composed of one and one-half whorls; periostracum thin, smooth, pale tan, translucent.
Discussion: This new deep water species is confined to the upper bathyal zone (continental slope) of the coasts of Espiritu Santo and Rio de Janeiro States and is the deepest-dwelling member of a species complex that contains Lamniconus clerii (Reeve, 1844) (ranging from Rio de Janeiro State to Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil; 40-100 m depths), Lamniconus clenchi (Martins, 1945) (ranging from southern Espiritu Santo State to Rio de Janeiro State; 40-80 m depths), and Lamniconus carcellesi (Martins, 1945) (ranging from Rio de Janeiro State to the Mar de Plata region of Uruguay and Argentina; 70-200 m depths) (biogeographical and bathymetric data taken from Coltro, 2011: 24, 32, and 34). Of these three species, the bathyal Lamniconus patriceae is morphologically closest to southern Brazilian and northern Argentinian L. carcellesi (Figure 1I), but differs in consistently having a lower, flatter spire and proportionally wider shoulder, in being a more highly sculptured shell with numerous coarse spiral thread-like cords, in having fewer and stronger spiral cords around the anterior end, in having a color pattern of pale yellow-tan flammules arranged in three distinct bands, and in having distinctly indented sides, producing a concave shell profile.

 

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Conus  patricius  Hinds, 1843

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11,  p. 256,  Apr.
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Nicoya
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29.5 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Pyruconus Species:-patricius
Synonyms:- pyriformis Reeve, 1843
Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W. Mexico - Ecuador; Galapagos
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Walls
Very heavy, with a low gloss; obconical, the upper sides very convex then tapering to base; body whorl with basal ridges extending in juveniles; shoulder broad smooth, rounded, weakly angulate with low coronations in juveniles; spire low deeply concave, the early whorls forming cone; spire whorl margins deeply cut to produce cogwheel effect; body whorl color variable, waxy tan in juveniles, becoming duller and paler with growth, eventually cream/ whitish; spire as body; aperture moderately wide uniform; outer lip sharp, thin, concave at middle; inner lip concave; mouth marginally tan creamy, interior bluish white in adults; columella long bounded heavy twisted ridge
Discussion:-Juveniles were often called patricius while adults pyriformis.

 

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Conus  paukstisi  Tenorio, Tucker, Chaney, 2011

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Manolo Tenorio

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Hawaii The Sea Shells Addendum
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Oahu, Hawaii
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 16  mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-paukstisi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Hawaii
Habitat:-Found in shallow sand area intertidally
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small reaching about 35 mm in length; conical in shape but with slightly convex sides in small shells ( < 20 mm); sides become very convex in larger shells and the shoulders of these are swollen looking with indistinct shoulders where 13 to 22 nodules are present on shells up to 18 mm becoming irregular or fade out with growth in size; whorl tops of the first 2 or 3 whorls have 2 cords but these increase in number to five or more; cords spread from the whorl tops over the nodules on to the body whorl; anterior end and interior of the aperture colored brown, rarely purple brown; a strong constriction present inside the aperture at about midbody; coloration highly variable depending on growth stage; smaller shells can be all blue-white, marked with brown irregular blotches, lines or mottled on body whorl; spire coloration can be uniform blue-white or have brown markings, in which case these are best developed between the nodules; coloration generally lost in larger shells, which are mostly blue-white in color;

Shell morphometry:

L = 9 to 26 mm

RD = 0.61 to 0.73

RSH = 0.02 to 0.14

PMD = 0.77 to 0.85.

Discussion:-Similar to C. nanus which has purple anterior tip not brown. The spiral striae of the whorls top run over the shoulder nodules and onto body.

 

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Conus paulae  Petuch,  1988

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Neo. Hist. Trop. Amer. Moll., p. 159,  pl. 36,  f. 5-6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Los Monges Is., Gulf of Venezuela; 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-paulae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Colombia
Habitat:-Found at depths around 35 m.
Description:-Source original description
Shell elongately turbinate with sharp-angled shoulder, spire protracted but not scalariform; shell widest above mid-body, tapering rapidly toward anterior end; posterior 3/5 of body whorl polished, smooth, with silky texture; anterior 2/5 of body whorl sculptured with deeply-impressed spiral sulci; aperture narrow; shell color pale yellow-white, with large vertical patches of yellow-orange and orangish-tan; midbody with wide band of white blotches separated by dark brown zig-zag flammules; base color pattern overlaid with numerous spiral rows of elongated brown dashes; anterior tip pale yellow; spire whorls solid yellow-orange with scattered, crescent-shaped tan flammules; protoconch and early whorls dark brown; interior of aperture pale yellow-white.
Discussion:-Conus paulae is closest to the sympatric C. undatus Kiener, 1845 but differs in being a smaller and much more pyriform shell with a higher spire. Conus paulae is also a more colorful shell, having large patches of bright yellow-orange and a yellow-orange spire, and in having a yellow anterior tip. This new species also resembles the sympatric C. gibsonsmithorum Petuch, 1986, but differs in being a larger, more colorful shell, with a more elongated outline and higher spire. Conus gibsonsmithorum occasionally has rows of dark brown dashes like those of C. paulae, but does not have the bright yellow-orange patches and flammules. At present, C. paulae is known only from the Gulf of Venezuela region.

 

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Conus  paulkersteni  Thach, 2017

 

Pictures:
Picture Link:  Holotype   Dr Thach

 

Published in: Thach N.N. (2017). New shells of Southeast Asia. Sea shells & Land snail; page: 27, figs 287-293
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Phan Rang area, Ninh Thuang, Province, Central Vietnam
Type Data: Holotype in NMHM deposited and catalogued

Type size: 32.4 x 18 mm

Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym  (juvenile specimen) of Conus vexillum  Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-paulkersteni
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Indo- Pacific
Habitat:-Littoral area (25 m depth)
Description:- Shell small for the genus and with broadly and ventricosely conical body whorl. Spire dome-shaped and moderately low, sutures deep. Shoulder rounded, teleoconch surural ramps concave with many spiral riblets. Shell width 56% of shell length. Outer surface ornamented with axial stripes and white spiral band at body whorl. Sculpture reticulate with fine fine spiral riblets and axial grooves. Base narrow and sculptured with widely-spaved spiral riblets and punctuate grooves. Aperture elongate and rather wide, outer lip moderately thick. Color white with red-brown axial stripes and yellow spiral bands.
Discussion:-The author changed the initial name Conus kersteni to avoid homomy with Conus kersteni Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008

 

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Conus  paulucciae  Sowerby iii, 1877

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in collection Paulucci PZS,  pl. 75, f. 3

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 752,  pl. 75,  f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Paulucci and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size:
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus aureus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-aureus paulucciae subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique, Mascarenes, Seychelles, Maldives, Chagos Is., W. Thailand, and N. W. Australia.
Habitat:-Found in 30-50 m in sand or coral rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae   C aureus
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl usually narrowly conoid-cylindrical to conoid-cylindrical in C. a. paulucciae, also narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical, ventricosely conical or ovate in C. a. aureus In C. a. paulucciae, outline of last whorl convex at adapical fourth, almost straight below; in C. a. aureus, outline convex to almost straight and parallel-sided at adapical two-thirds, concave at left side below. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate to rounded, usually more angulate in C. a. aureus. Spire of moderate height, outline straight. Larval shell of 2.5-3 whorls and maximum diameter 0.75-0.9 mm in C. a. aureus, of about 3 whorls and with a maximum diameter of 0.8-0.9 mm in C. a. paulucciae. First 4-6 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 0-2 increasing to 4-10 weak spiral grooves; additional spiral striae on latest ramps. Last whorl with closely spaced, granulose to smooth spiral ribs from base to shoulder, sometimes weak to obsolete toward shoulder; in C. a. paulucciae, ribs usually smooth and generally obsolete above centre.
Ground colour white, often suffused with pink in C. a. paulucciae. Last whorl with a network of fine light to dark brown lines and yellowish brown blotches. Lines forming zones of many tiny to small and a few larger tents, arranged in 3-5 axial and 3 interrupted spiral bands, below shoulder and centre and at base. Blotches grouped in 2 broad and often some additional narrow spiral bands, interspersed with broad blackish brown axial lines. Larval whorls and first 2.5-4 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate white in C. a. aureus; in C. a. paulucciae, apex cream to pink, larval shell and about first 2.5 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate. Following sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white in C. a. aureus, white to light pink in C. a. paulucciae.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-80 mm
RW 0.13-0.36 g/mm
RD 0.46-0.53
PMD -
(-C. a. aureus  0.70 - 0.81;-C. a. paulucciae  0.75 - 0.84)
RSH 0.12-0.23
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  paumotu   Rabiller & Richard, 2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Michael Rabiller

 

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 5,  P. 35 & 37, Pl. 4, fig. 1-3, 5-6 & 8-12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Kaukura Atoll
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15.7 x 7.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gladioconus Species:-paumotu
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Society Archipelago and Tuamotu Archipelago
Habitat:-Collected dead at depths of 326 – 831 m
Description:-Source original description
A small and moderately strong shell, with a straight-outlined conical profile, topped by a projecting larval shell. Some specimens show a weakly stepped spire. Protoconch  shows a three-whorled, multi-spiral protoconch. This multispiral protoconch is slender, smoothedged and of grayish-white color, whereas post-nuclear whorls are nodulose, flat and white. The flat spire of the holotype includes seven whorls for the teleoconch part. Along each of its whorls, this spire shows a deep and narrow suture and a concave sutural ramp with radial threads. The nodulose edged whorls together with the light sloping of the sutural ramps toward the columella gives the spire a nice rosette appearance, when seen from above. The spire is of a glossy white color and a sutural ramp shaded with pale yellowish grey along the wall. The shoulder is strongly nodulose, with 15 nodules along the body whorl edge. The body whorl shows a conical to broadly conical shape. It presents straight edges along two thirds off the shell length towards the posterior end and slightly emaciated edges towards the anterior third. A well marked spiral rib structure on the entire body whorl, crossed by axial ribs, encircles the shell with a granulate-inlayed look. Some axial ribs are strongly wrinkled, starting from the shoulder nodules more or less along the upper body whorl. The basic tint of the body whorl is glossy white shaded with pale yellow, mainly on the anterior dorsum area. Some specimens are entirely glossy milky-white. The white aperture is narrow, uniform in width, with parallel edges and an almost straight anal canal which adjoins the glacis of the sutural ramp.
Discussion:-

 

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Conus pauperculus  Sowerby ii, 1834

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Conch Ill. (1834, pl. 56, fig. 78)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 56/7,  f. 78
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cape Good Hope erroneus; Designated Sagami Bay, Japan.
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby i (1834,  pl. 56, fig. 78)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Stephanoconus Species:-pauperculus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Japan
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, light to moderately light. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; outline slightly convex, left side sometimes sigmoid. Shoulder angulate to subangulate, occasionally weakly undulate. Spire of moderate height, variably concave in outline. Postnuclear spire whorls weakly tuberculate to almost smooth. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2 increasing to 4-6 spiral grooves. Last whorl with a few weak, widely spaced spiral ribs above base.
Ground colour mixed bluish grey and tan. Last whorl encircled with brownish violet, leaving a ground-colour band at centre and at base. About 10-20 rather evenly spaced dotted brown spiral lines extending from base to shoulder. Apex pink. Late sutural ramps crossed by brown streaks or blotches. Aperture pale violet, darker above centre.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-40 mm
RW 0.04-0.10 g/mm
(L 24-38 mm)
RD 0.57-0.61
PMD 0.83-0.88
RSH 0.13-0.16
Discussion:-C. pauperculus seems related to C. boeticus, from which it differs in its lighter weight, its smoother outer edges of the late sutural ramps, and the weak spiral sculpture as well as the dull brownish violet colouration of the last whorl. Specimens from Philippines with a brown colour pattern with coarse, brown spiral lines, may belong to C. pauperculus, but differ in conical last whorl, white ground colour, light brown apex, and higher relative weight (RW more than 0.13 g/mm).

 

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Conus  pavillardae  Cossignani, 2019

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN

Published in: Malacologia Mostra Mondiale n. 103
Ocean geography : Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Inhaca, Moçambique
Type Data: Holotypein MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53,54 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus archiepiscopus Lauer, 1987

 

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Conus pealii Green, 1830

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Green (1830,  pl. 3, fig. 3)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Trans. Albany Inst. I,  p. 123,  pl. 3,  f. 3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Vaca Key, Florida
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Green (1830,  pl. 3, fig. 3)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-pealii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mainly found in colonies along the Florida Keys
Habitat:-Shallow water, mud flats
Description:-Source Vink
A small shell, 15 to 25 mm, in adult specimens relatively wide at the shoulder with a convex body whorl and high spire.
The spire is concave, sharply pointed and carinated. Nucleus: 1.5 to 2 whorls. Tops of the whorls flat with only small growth lines. Shoulder of body whorl sharply angled with in most specimens a flattened rim. Body whorl with regularly spaced grooves which in most specimens extend from the base to shoulder. The ridges between the grooves are rather flat. Colour whitish with yellowish brown or reddish brown markings, often more or less axially arranged. According to Clench (1942) the irregular patches of brownish-red are usually grouped sufficiently to indicate an arrangement into two spiral bands, but in most specimens band formation can hardly be noticed. There are also brown maculations on the spire ending in brown spots at the margins, which as Green (1830) already observed 'give them a nodulous aspect'
Discussion:-C. pealii could be confused with C. mindanus and C. pusio (which have the spire whorls not carinated and the body whorl smooth except at the base), C. stearnsii (which is more slender with incised lines only on the lower half of the shell) and C. acutimarginatus (which has a slightly lower spire which is not stepped but which has the tops of the whorls slightly concave).

 

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Conus  pedrofiadeiroi  Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Ramiro Fiadeiro

Picture Link: Paul Kersten  Paratype

 

Published in: Malacologia 86, p. 18 & 19
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Boa Vista, Curral Velho to Ilhéu de Galeăo, 1 – 5 m
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 24,7 x 14.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Africonus borgesi  Trovăo, 1979; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-pedrofiadeiro
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Boavista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found at between 1 and 5 meters, in rock fissures
Description:-Source original description
A small pyriform shell with size range from 18-25mm, somewhat triangular in shape with low spire with concave outline including a raised apical area; the spire tops have weak spiral threads; significant white spots on spire; the shoulder is rounded; The outine of the last whorl is strongly convex adapically , almost straight basally and slightly curved in middle. The aperture is wide with a brown internal colour with whitish band at middle. The characteristics of the last whorl include basal furrows; the medial white band comprising zigzag markings on the overall brown background.

Discussion:-

Proposed new species Conus borgesi  Trovăo, 1979

 

Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)

based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation  Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020

 

 

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Conus  peli  Moolenbeek, 1996

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in ZMA- Naturalis, Leiden  Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paratype in ZMA – Naturalis, Leiden  Bill Fenzan

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: World Shells,  p. 3,  f. 1-6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Masirah Island, Oman
Type Data: Holotype in ZMA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 63.6 x 36.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-peli
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Masirah Is, Oman
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell broadly conical. thin and glossy. Length (height) 63.6 mm. width 36.3 mm (ZMA Moll. 3.96.016). Protoconch eroded. Teleoconch of 7 whorls. First postnuclear whorls with 3 to 4 fine spiral grooves. These grooves become less prominent towards the last whorls where the axial growth marks become more distinct. Spire a little stepped. straight with whorls slightly concave. Shoulder angulated. Body whorl straight to a little convex, smooth, with very fine w1dulating growth lines and a few growth scars. Basal part with some indistinct spirals.
Aperture slender, slightly wider at base. outer lip thin and fragile. Colour: Apex white (due to erosion). gradually axial brown and whitish markings. Just below shoulder a fine white spiral band. Entire body whorl chestnut brown with about 25 dark brown spirals. with a light band just below the middle. Inside aperture white towards edge. colouration outside shining through.
Discussion:-There is little variation; the colour ranges from light to dark brown; the middle band from white to tan and the lines can be interrupted by white spots.
C. namocanus badius has a more convex spire with straight to convex whorls and a different colour pattern.

 

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Conus penchaszadehi  Petuch, 1986

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MORG Alan Kohn

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xcix,  no. 1,  p. 10,  f. 13-14
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Cabo La Vela, Goajira Peninsula, Colombia; trawled 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MORG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-penchaszadehi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Columbia
Habitat:-Found at depths around 35 m.
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell elongate, thin, fragile; spire elevated; body whorl shiny, totally covered with numerous fine spiral threads; spiral threads becoming coarser at anterior end; shell pinkish-white with scattered orange flammules on body whorl; solid, dark orange band around anterior one-third of body whorl; anterior tip bright pinkish-orange; spire white with crescent-shaped orange flammules; interior of aperture pale salmon-pink; protoconch and early whorls bright orange; periostracum thick, brown, with rows of fine tufts.
Discussion:-This distinctive little shell is unlike any other northern South American cone. Conus penchaszadehi may be related to C. atractus Tomlin, 1937, but differs from that species by having the bright orange color band and flammules and by having finer spiral sculpture. The new Venezuelan species, however, closely resembles pale color forms of the Panamic C. orion Broderip, 1833, and may be the Caribbean cognate species.
Conus penchaszadehi is only known from off the Goajira Peninsula of Colombia. But it most probably ranges all along the Colombian coast and into the Gulf of Venezuela.

 

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Conus  pennaceus  Born,  1778

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMW Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Ind. Rer. Nat. Mus. Caes. Vind., p. 151
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: China, (after Davila 1767), corrected, unnecessarily, (Wils) to coast of Mozambique
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMW deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus
Synonyms:- episcopus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; praelatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; rubiginosus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; aureus Roding, 1798; colubrinus Lamarck, 1810; elisae Kiener, 1845; stellatus Kiener, 1845; racemosus Sowerby iii, 1874; marmoricolor Melvill, 1900; lohri Kilburn, 1972; rubropennatus da Motta, 1982; quasimagnificus da Motta, 1982; bazarutensis Fernandes & Monteiro, 1988; ganensis Delsaerdt, 1988; behelokensis Lauer, 1989; mauritiensis Lauer, 1992; corbieri Blöcher, 1994; tsara Korn. Niederhofer & Blöcher, 2000; vezoi Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean except for India; Hawaii
Habitat:-From the infralittoral fringe to about 50 m; most frequently on subtidal coral reef flats in 0.5-5 m of water, in coral rubble, sand and muddy sand, often under rocks and amongst or under living corals.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Last whorl conoid-cylindrical or ventricosely conical to conical or ovate; outline variably convex at adapical fourth to third, occasionally two-thirds, nearly straight below. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder to uniformly broad. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height; outline concave to convex in late whorls, usually slightly convex to domed in early whorls; apex often straight-sided in shells from S. Madagascar and occasionally in shells from N. Mozambique. In Hawaii, larval shell of about 1.75 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7-0.75 mm; in the Indian Ocean, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly convex, usually slightly concave in latest whorls; middle ramps with 2 increasing to 3-5 weak spiral grooves, latest ramps usually with numerous spiral striae. Last whorl with weak to distinct ribs basally and with spiral striae from base to shoulder.
Ground colour white, often variably suffused with greyish blue to greyish violet, sometimes with yellowish to pinkish cream, orangish to light brown, or with pink to red or violet. Last whorl usually overlaid with yellow or orange to brown, red-brown or blackish brown, leaving many tiny to moderately large tentlike ground-colour markings. Tents separate or fused, edged with a darker line at the frontal sides and usually concentrated in 3 spiral bands, below shoulder, near centre and at base, usually also grouped in axial clusters to form 2-5 axial bands. Dark overlying spots, flecks, and blotches largely solid to sometimes perforated, often forming 2-3 interrupted to continuous spiral bands, and usually with closely spaced, dotted to solid darker spiral lines variably articulated with small ground-colour markings. Shells with a regularly arranged network of fine to coarse dark lines intergrade with shells 1) with a sparsely reticulated, fine or coarse, axially lineate pattern, 2) having last whorl solid dark except for scattered small groups of ground colour tents, and 3) lacking any overlying pattern elements. Basal part of columella white, occasionally violet. Larval whorls and first 1-5 postnuclear sutural ramps pink to purple, sometimes also orange or white; all these colours sometimes occurring among the hatchlings of the same egg capsule but usually one colour preponderant within a local population (Perron, 1981a). Following sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white, to light blue, pink or light violet in some populations.
C pennaceus has a rather convex sided shell with a low spire and rounded shoulders the whole shell is suffused with dark bluish grey and the tents tend to be restricted to narrow axial and spiral bands between very large and irregular dark orange blotches showing distinct spiral dots and dashes. Similar to form behelokensis but lower spire lighter orange base colour and more convex shape
Discussion:-C. pennaceus is similar to C. magnificus, C. episcopatus, C. omaria, C. madagascariensis, and C. echo. C. magnificus generally has a higher spire (RSH 0.13-0.19). Those forms of C. pennaceus with a similarly fine tentmark pattern can be distinguished by their more angulate shoulders and their usually broader last whorls (RD 0.57-0.68 vs. 0.49-0.60), with a conical to ventricosely conical rather than conoid-cylindrical shape. Those forms of C. pennaceus that are similar in shape differ in their coarser pattern with a smaller portion of very small ground-colour tents. Slight differences in the number of larval whorls and the colouration of the animals between C. magnificus from the Marshall Is. And C. pennaceus from Hawaii are now separated at the species level: Conus leviteni Tucker, Tenorio & Chaney, 2011
C. episcopatus is a somewhat larger species that differs in having a generally narrower and more cylindrical last whorl (RD 0.42-0.58; PMD 0.71-0.84) as well as a coarser pattern with a prominent axial arrangement and without darker brown demarcation lines at the frontal sides of its usually larger tents. The distinctive dark and light axial zones of the last whorl pattern in subadult C. episcopatus excludes confusion with similarly sized C. pennaceus.
C. omaria differs in having a generally narrower and rather cylindrical last whorl (RD 0.45-0.60 vs. 0.50-0.71) and a yellowish cream to yellow or pinkish orange aperture; the brown spots, flecks, and blotches of its last whorl pattern are interrupted rather than largely solid as in most specimens of C. pennaceus.
C. madagascariensis can be distinguished by its consistently straight-sided apex and its rather uniformly reticulated pattern. The difference between C. madagascariensis and C. pennaceus in egg diameters (654 vs. 375-407 or 470-520 micro.m) strongly suggests separation at the species level, the more so because the greatest difference occurs between nearby populations (C. madagascariensis from S. India and C. pennaceus from Maldives).
C. pennaceus is so variable in shape and colour pattern that the many nominal species-group taxa do not cover the entire conchological divergence within and between local populations of this species. While most of the Indian Ocean populations are rather uniform in their respective shell characters, a wide range of variation exists in N. Mozambique and Hawaii. In Hawaii, variants differing in colour pattern, shape and solidity of the shell were found among the offspring of the same female (Perron, 1979). We provisionally regard the different local populations from the Indian Ocean as forms. The marginal population from Hawaii perhaps deserves species status, based on the correlative differences in egg diameter and development (benthic in Hawaii, planktonic in the Indian Ocean). Geographical survey of the different forms of C. pennaceus: N. Mozambique : Shape and colouration covering nearly the entire range of variation observed in C. pennaceus. Shells with a fine reticulate pattern including rather small and strongly perforated colour zones intergrade with shells with a fine axially lineate pattern as well as with shells with axially fused ground-colour blotches. The lectotypes of C. pennaceus, C. praelatus, and the original figure of C. elisae are matched by specimens from N. Mozambique. Shells corresponding with the lectotype of C. elisae in the fine dark axially lineate pattern occur in colonies that also include shells with a partially reticulate and partially lineate pattern. These colonies live sympatrically and sometimes almost syntopically with colonies of shells that have a rather typical pattern on a pale blue to pale violet ground; erroneously referred to as C. praelatus; The lectotype of C. colubrinus may also be from this area.
S. Mozambique, Natal: In the local population of C. pennaceus from Bazaruto Is. (form bazarutensis), the last whorl is usually ventricosely conical and has a rather fine and sometimes reduced network of brown to blackish brown lines, spots and blotches on a greyish blue to greyish violet ground; the apex is slightly convex to domed in outline and usually white. Shells very similar in shape and pattern live farther south in the Massinga area. They have a pinkish cream ground colour, a narrow paler spiral band below centre, and a violet apex; their brown reticulate pattern may be more reduced than in form bazarutensis. Specimens from Natal and S. Mozambique as far north as Inhambane were described as C. lohri but cannot be separated from C. pennaceus from Bazaruto Is. And Massinga by shell morphology and sculpture, nor do they differ from C. pennaceus in body colouration or structure of radular teeth. The report of a multispiral larval shell in C. lohri (Kilburn, 1972) appears doubtful. The ground colour is orangish brown to brown or greyish blue to greyish violet, and sometimes all these colours merge on the same shell. The last whorl often has a broad darker spiral band on each side of centre and occasionally remnants of a brown to blackish brown pattern similar to that of form bazarutensis. The aperture is pale blue to pale violet, edged with a violet collabral band. The low spire has a sigmoid outline and a reddish violet to purple apex. The differences between C. lohri and C. pennaceus in colour, structure and translucency of the periostracum do not allow separation at the species level. Tanzania, Kenya: Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical. Ground colour white or suffused with reddish pink. Shells with strongly perforated brown zones and a fine brown network between intergrade with shells with large solid brown zones and irregularly arranged ground-colour tents between.
Red Sea: Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical; spire usually of moderate height. Pattern consisting of brown to dark brown lines edging small to moderately large white tents; interspersed yellowish brown to dark brown spots and flecks solid but sparse.
S. Madagascar:
In the local form described as C. p. behelokensis, last whorl ventricosely conical to sometimes conoid-cylindrical; early postnuclear whorls with straight to slightly convex sides. Ground colour greyish blue to greyish violet. Shells overlaid with olive, yellowish or orangish brown except for scattered groups of rather small ground-colour tents intergrade with shells with separate brown blotches and spirally as well as axially grouped tents between. Darker brown spiral lines prominent, dotted to solid, and variably articulated with small ground-colour markings.
Reunion: In the local form described as C. rubropennatus, last whorl ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical or conical, ground colour red to reddish violet, and last whorl pattern generally composed of very small to small and regularly arranged ground-colour tents. Mauritius, Rodriguez Id.: A local form described by Hwass as C. episcopus is characterized by a comparatively light shell with a ventricosely conical to ovate last whorl. The colour is brown to blackish brown, and the very small to moderately large white tents may be regularly arranged on the last whorl or have larger tents concentrated below shoulder, at centre and at base. Form episcopus occurs in less than 10 m.
Mauritius, St. Brandon:A local form described as C. rubiginosus by Hwass and as C. episcopus mauritiensis by Lauer has a comparatively light shell with a usually conoid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical last whorl. Its colour varies from orange to red-brown. Shells with small to medium-sized ground colour tents regularly arranged on the last whorl intergrade with shells with a coarse axially lineate pattern of larger tents grouped in axial bands or fused into narrow axially elongate blotches. The lectotypes of C. episcopus and C. rubiginosus are rather similar but specimens of both forms may also differ in shape and pattern. In Mauritius, form rubiginosus occurs in deeper water.
Seychelles, Saya de Malha: Shells comparatively solid, with a rather broad, conical to ventricosely conical last whorl. Colour brown to dark brown; pattern consisting of small to moderately large white tents partially grouped in axial and spiral bands. C. omaria var. marmoricolor is based on a variant of C. pennaceus that may be from this area.
Oman, Hormuz: The Oman form described as C. quasimagnificus is comparatively large and heavy and has a rather broad and usually conical last whorl. Its ground colour varies from white to greyish blue. Shells with 2 nearly continuous, light to reddish or blackish brown spiral bands and 3 spiral zones of very small to small ground-colour tents on the last whorl intergrade with shells with separate brown flecks and blotches and spirally as well as axially grouped larger tents between . Specimens from Hormuz are somewhat smaller and more ventricose; their pattern has uniformly small and rather regularly arranged ground-colour tents.
Maldives, Laccadives: The local form was described as C. p. ganensis. It is characterized by a low spire, an angulate shoulder and a conical last whorl; its colour is yellowish brown to mostly reddish brown.
Sri Lanka, Andaman Sea, Indonesia: Shells from these marginal Indian Ocean populations have ventricosely conical to conical last whorls, low spires, and a dark reddish brown colour; their medium-sized to moderately large ground-colour tents are separate rather than prominently grouped. They also may represent form marmoricolor.
W. Australia: We have seen 2 specimens from Ashmore reef, N. W. Australia; their last whorl is conical, their spire of moderate height and their pattern includes large overlapping white tents .
Hawaii : Shells variable in shape and pattern between and within local populations, usually less variable in colour (various shades of brown). Largest and broadest specimens of C. leviteni collected in Hawaii (Kohn & Weaver, 1962). Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical or ovate. Ground colour white to greyish blue. Shells with very small to moderately large ground-colour tents, regularly arranged or spirally and axially grouped, intergrade with shells with fine, closely spaced axial brown lines and usually 2 continuous brown spiral bands on the last whorl. Shells with an axially lineate pattern represent an individual variant (Perron, 1979); they are often but probably erroneously referred to as C. sindon (see C. omaria. Another taxon sometimes applied to the Hawaiian shells is C. stellatus Kiener. However, the original figure shows a subadult shell that cannot be unequivocally assigned to a particular geographic region. The type locality of C. racemosus Sowerby III is given as 'Sandwich Islands?', and its holotype resembles Hawaiian specimens in shape. However, the colour pattern must be regarded as very unusual for this area and rather corresponds with that of form behelokensis from Madagascar.

 

 

Conus pennaceus bazarutensis  Fernandes & Monteiro, 1988

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMW Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paratype

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Publcoes Occ. Soc. Port. Malac. (10),  p. 19, figs A & B
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bazaruto Island, southern Mozambique
Type Data: Holotype in BMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46.4 x 25.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus bazarutensis

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique
Habitat:-
Description:-Source Original description: Shell moderate in size, with slightly convex profile and rounded shoulder. The spire is short and often gently concave towards the last whorls. The body whorl presents many obsolete spiral cords, stronger on the anterior zone; some spiral striation is also present in the spire whorls, but can be seen only under magnification. The anterior end is twisted over the columella, the aperture is rather wide, particularly along the anterior half of the shell. The protoconch is dirty white, whereas the postnuclear whorls and the entire body whorl are grayish blue, covered with a complicated dark brown ornamentation which can form either a pattern of large bluish triangles bordered in brown, or a net of dark brown with small blue spots. The aperture is of a seep violet hue, slightly lighter towards the interior of the shell; near the lip, the outer brown pattern shows through.

Specimens from Bazaruto Island are smaller than the ones from mainland Mozambique and they are more glossy with a reddish brown pattern.

 

 

Conus pennaceus behelokensis  Lauer, 1989

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Copyrights MNHN Paris, France

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Rossiniana (43): p. 13, no 72, figs 63a-c

Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: 50 kms South of Tuléar, Madasgascar

Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued

Type Size: 48.3 x 25 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A subspecies

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus behelokensis subspecies

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:-Madagascar

Habitat:- On coral Reef

Last whorl ventricosely conical to sometimes conoid-cylindrical; early postnuclear whorls with straight to slightly convex sides. Ground colour grayish blue to grayish violet. Shells overlaid with olive, yellowish or orangish brown except for scattered groups of rather small ground-colour tents intergrade with shells with separate brown blotches and spirally as well as axially grouped tents between. Darker brown spiral lines prominent, dotted to solid, and variably articulated with small ground-colour markings.

 

 

Conus  pennaceus f. colubrinus  Lamarck, 1810

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MNHN Mike Filmer

Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 433
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mers des Grandes Indes
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus pennaceus Born, 1778
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus colubrinus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique.
Habitat:-From the infralittoral fringe to about 50 m; most frequently on subtidal coral reef flats in 0.5-5 m of water, in coral rubble, sand and muddy sand, often under rocks and amongst or under living corals.
Description:-Source Living Conidae    C. pennaceus
Form colubrinus: A narrow form of light orange yellow with white tents
Discussion:-No Data

 

 

Conus pennaceus corbieri  Blöcher,  1994

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: World Shells (10),  p. 50, figs 5 - 7

Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: Salary, southwestern Madasgascar

Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued

Type Size: 54.6 x 29.4 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A subspecies

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus corbieri subsp

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:-Madagascar

Habitat:- In lagoon in shallow water

Description:  A color form with a reduced pattern with blotches and thin lined irregular tents, background white or whitish orange; last whorl conoid cylindrical.

 

 

Conus pennaceus f. elisae  Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Lectotype  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Coq. Viv. 2, pl. 64, figs 1 & 1a, (1849, Cog. Viv. 2: p. 341, no. 305)

Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: Not known, designated (Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils) Zanzibar, (Tanzania)

Type Data: Type series was in collection A. Boivin, present whereabouts unknown

Type Size: 52 x ? mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus pennaceus

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. elisae

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:-East Africa Zanzibar: Mozambique

Habitat:-

Description:  The lectotype of C. elisae is matched by specimens from N. Mozambique. Shells corresponding with the lectotype of C. elisae in the fine dark axially lineate pattern occur in colonies that also include shells with a partially reticulate and partially lineate pattern.

 

 

Conus pennaceus f. episcopus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Lectotype  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Enc. Méth. 1: p. 142, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 345, fig. 2)

Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: East Indies, restricted (C, M & W) to Mauritius

Type Data: Lectotype in MNHG

Type Size: 58 x 33 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus pennaceus

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. episcopus

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:-Mauritius

Habitat:- occurs in less than 10 m.

Description: C. episcopus is characterized by a comparatively light shell with a ventricosely conical to ovate last whorl. The colour is brown to blackish brown, and the very small to moderately large white tents may be regularly arranged on the last whorl or have larger tents concentrated below shoulder, at centre and at base.

 

 

Conus pennaceus ganensis Delsaerdt, 1988

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Gloria Maris 27 (1),  p. 1, figs. 2 - 9

Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: Gan Island, Maldives

Type Data: Holotype in IRSN

Type Size: 46.7 x 26.2 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A subspecies or a form of Conus pennaceus

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus ganensis subsp

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:-Maldives

Habitat:-

Description: Shell with a sub-depressed spire; body whorl straight to slightly concave; shoulder angulated. Ground color is pinkish orange with white tent-marks. Periostracum thin and translucent.

 

 

Conus pennaceus lohri  Kilburn, 1972

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in NMP  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Ann. Natal Mus. 21 (2), p. 428, figs 8a & 14b - d

Type Locality: Baie dos Cocos, between Inhambane & Jangamo Beach. Mozambique

Type Data: Holotype in NMP

Type Size: 40.2 x 23.4 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus according to Tucker. Provisionally seen as a valid species by Tenorio & Monteiro (2008)

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus lohri                                                                                                                                                                                                            

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:- East Africa to Natal, South Africa.

Habitat: Rock ledge, 2 – 3 mtrs

Description: Medium-sized to large shell . last whorl ventricosely conical, with a low spire. Shoulder rounded. Ground color reddish brown to brown or greyish violet. Last whorl usually patternless, but some shells display traces of what seems to be an incoplte dark brown tented pattern. Aperture pale violet.

 

 

Conus pennaceus f. marmoricolor  Melvill, 1900

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Syntype in NMWC  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: J. Conch. London 9 (10),  p. 310, not figured

Type Locality: Not mentioned;  designated (Lauer) Mauritius

Type Data: Two syntypes in NMWC                                                                                               

Type Size: 51.5 x 26 mm and 51 x 25.5 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. marmoricolor

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:- Mauritius

Habitat:

Description: A form with a ventricosely conical to conical last whorl; low spire; regular dark reddish brown tents.

 

 

Conus pennaceus f. praelatus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Lectotype  in MHNG  Mike Filmer

                                                                                                                                                                

Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 746,  no. 140, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 345, fig 4 & 5)

Type Locality: East Indies

Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG

Type Size: 47 x 24 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. praelatus

Synonyms:- tsara Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000; see Monnier et al., 2018, Xenophora Taxonomy 19

Geographic Range:- Mozambique

Habitat:

Description: A  colour form from the SW Indian Ocean with blotches and fine lined tents; black or orange with bluish tents; last whorl elongated ventricosely conical.

 

 

Conus pennaceus f.  pseudoecho  Bozetti, 2013

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Paris  Luigi Bozzetti

                                                                                                                                                                

Published in: Malacologia  78, p. 9 -10, figs.

Type Locality: West Pacific

Type Data: Holotype in MNHN Paris

Type Size: 60.74 x 31 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A synonym of vezoi Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus pseudoecho forma

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:- Lavanono, Southern Madagascar

Habitat: Found crabbed

Description: Profile conical, shoulder angulate, body whorly slightly convex; back ground reddish brown with numerous tent-shaped spots irregularly spread over the whole surface; surface of the body whorl covered by evenly distributed brown spiral lines.

 

 

Conus pennaceus f. quasimagnificus  da Motta, 1982

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Publcoes occ. Soc. Port. Malac. (1),  p. 3, figs 3a & b

Type Locality: Khor Fakkan, Gulf of Oman

Type Data: Holotype in MHNG

Type Size: 68.5 x 38 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. quasimagnificus

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:- Mozambique

Habitat: Shallow water

Description: A form from the Red Sea with most often regular brown tents; angulate shoulder.

 

 

Conus pennaceus f. racemosus  Sowerby iii, 1874

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer

 

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Unnumbered (41), pt. 3, 721, p. 59, fig. 11

Type Locality: Sandwich Isl. Uncertain, (Hawaii), (corrected erroneously), (da Motta) Madagascar

Type Data: Holotype in NMWC

Type Size: 55 x 29 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. racemosus

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:

Habitat:

Description:

 

Conus  pennaceus rosiae  Monnier, Batifoux & Limpalaër, 2018

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 19, 2018; p. 9 – 24; Pl. 1 -3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ambatomilo, 120 km in the North of Toliara, South_West Madagascar
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 58 x 28.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species or a synonym of behelokensis Lauer, 1989
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-rosiae
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:-At depths ranging from 3 to 20 m out of the coral reef of the lagoon
Description:-Shell medium-sized to moderately large, ventricosely conical to conical in profile. The shell has a shiny texture. The apex is pink. The protoconch is most probably paucispiral. The adult shell has more than 11 whorls. the spire is of low to moderate height, from straight to slightly concave in profile. The spire whorls are juxtaposed and the suture is narrow and well=marked. The teleoconch sutural ramps are flat to slightly concave with numerous weak radial threads and very weak spiral striae. The shoulder is subangulate to almost rounded and smooth. The last whorl is convex. The adapical half of the last whorl is smooth while low narrow spiral threads progressively on the abapical half. The columellar fold is strong and ivory coloured. Siphonal lip outline is subrounded. The aperture is wider at the base near shoulder, white, pale bluish grey to pink coloured often according to the external colour of the shell. The outer lip is clearly convex and the profile of the origin of the lip is receding.

The pattern and the colour of the new species are extremely variable. The ground colour of the last whorl is white mostly irregularly shaded by a greyish blue or pink hue. This overlaid with mustard, bright orange, orange to reddish brown or chestnut to very dark brown. There are 30 t0 45 irregular dotted or solid spiral lines on the spiral threads that are more or less obsolete in the adapical part of the last whorl. They are darker than the overlying colour of the shell. The last whorl is covered by variable sized ground colour tents. The spiral lines are also irregularly interrupted by smaller tents. All the tents are outlined with dark brown on the edge towards the outer lip. The triangular tents sometimes coalesce spially or axially. To form great irregular blotches. The pattern and colour of the spire is in accordance with that of the last whorl.

 

                                                                                             

Conus pennaceus f. rubiginosus  Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Enc. Méth. 1,  p. 744, no. 138, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 344, figs 1 & 2)

Type Locality: Mindanao, Philippines, Amboina, (Ambon, Indonesia), Ile de France, (Mauritius), restricted (Kohn) to Mindanao [ dubious ]

Type Data: Holotype in MHNG

Type Size: 66 x 35mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. rubiginosus

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:- Mauritius

Habitat:                                                                       

Description: A colour form from Mauritius which is usually conid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical; yellow (subfossile?), orange to reddish brown; axially lineate pattern of larger tents arranged in axial bands or forming axial blotches.

 

 

Conus pennaceus f. rubropennatus  da Motta, 1982

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG  Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Publcoes Occ. Soc. Port. Malac. (1),  p. 6, figs 6a & b

Type Locality: Reunion Island, Indian Ocean

Type Data: Holotype in MHNG

Type Size: 40 x 21 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. rubropennatus                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:- Reunion

Habitat: Shallow water

Description: A colour form from Réunion with a ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical last whorl; ground colour red to reddish violet in a regular arrangement of (very) small tents.

 

 

Conus pennaceus tsara  Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Stuttgart. Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A, no. 610, 25,  ,  p. 4,  pl. 1, figs 1 - 9

Type Locality: Taolańaro (Fort Dauphin), South East Madagascar

Type Data: Holotype in SMNS

Type Size: 52.7 x 26.9 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A synonym of praelatus Hwass, 1792; see Monnier et al. 2018 in Xenophora Taxonomy 19

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus tsara

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:- Madagascar

Habitat: In rock pools and the seaward base of rocky platforms

Description: A colour form with a brown body whorl and sparsely blue tents; last whorl often bold ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical.tents.

 

 

Conus pennaceus vezoi  Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Stuttgart. Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A, no. 610, 25 S, p. 20, pl. 2, figs 1 – 9

Type Locality: Maromitiliky, 25 kms airline South of Pointe Beheloka, South of Toliara, Sout West Madagascar

Type Data: Holotype in SMNS

Type Size: 50.1 x 26.7 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A subspecies of  Conus pennaceus or according to Filmer a synonym (form)

Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE

Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus vezoi

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms

Geographic Range:- Madagascar

Habitat: Sub-tidal inside shallow lagoon and near outside reef

Description: A uniform brown colour morph sometimes with a few small white blotches around the spire; last whorl ventricosely conical.

 

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Conus  pennasilicorum  Bozetti, 2017

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Paris  L. Bozzetti

 

Published in: Malacologia 94, p. 19 - 21
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Northern Transkei, South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species or a juvenile specimen of Conus alconelli  da Motta, 1986
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-alconnelli
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Natal, South Africa
Habitat:-Dredged in sand & sponge bottom at 100 – 110 m. depth
Description:-Shell small sized; profile conical shape, spire fairly high, moderately stepped with concave outline, shoulder angulate, barely carinate, body whorl walls outline convex under the shoulder, straight below. Protoconch prominent, made up by three rounded, smooth whorls, 0.9 mm maximum diameter, teleoconch of nine fairly concave whorls, suture well impressed, sutural ramps sculptured by four main spiral grooves and few secondary ones which separate nodulose riblets. Aperture uniformly narrow, moderately expanded at the interior sinus, body whorl surface almost smooth, visible under magnification spiral and axial thick micro striae, spiral ribs at base. Coloration yellow with three lighter bands, under the shoulder, in the middle area of body whorl walls and in the basal area. Sutural ramps covered by fit opistocyrt radial flammulae brownish colored which overtake the shoulders overlapping the area immediately below. Protoconch and first two spiral whorls brownish stained, inside aperture white.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  pepeiu  Moolenbeek,  Zandbergen,  Bouchet,  2008

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan                       

 

Published in: Vita Malacologica 6, 29
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ua Huka, Marquesas
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 14.9 x 7.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-pepeiu
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Marquesas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 200-250 m.
Description:-Source Original description
Height 14.9 mm, width 7.4 mm, aperture height 10.5 mm. Shell small and rather light. Last whorl conical to a little pyriform. Shoulder broadly carinate, spire moderately high, slightly stepped. Outline straight, adapically more concave. Protoconch of 3 whorls, the first one broken, maximum diameter 0.93 mm. First pnw tuberculate, gradually disappearing on the second whorl. Teleoconch 6.5 whorls, spire whorls flat only towards the suture concave, with strong arcuate radial threads. Body whorl with 24 spiral grooves on ventral side, 20 on dorsal side. Grooves half of the size of the riblets towards the base both somewhat broader.Ground colour white. On the first two pnw some fine brown spots. Last 3 whorls with 5, 7 and 9 dark brown blotches on the margin which fade away as light brown blotches on die ramps. Body whorl on ven1ral side with about 7-8 spiral lines of fine dark brown spots, on the cen1ral part some irregular salmon coloured blotches. Base white. Periostracum very thin, light brown, rather prominent on the spire with strong arcuate radial threads.The paratypes and the other material studied is rather uniform in colour and pattern. Conus pepeiu resembles C. memiae (Habe & Kosuge, 1970), but its regular colour pattern, more slender body whorl, and lack of spiral grooves on the spire distinguish it from C. memiae. The latter has a more triangular shape and reaches a larger adult size.

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Conus pergrandis  Iredale,  1937

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in AMS Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Festschr. Embrik Strand. iii,  p. 407,  pl. xviii
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tahli Bay, New Britain; 30-40 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 137 x 62 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-pergrandis
Synonyms:- fletcheri Petuch & Mendenhall, 1972; potusmarumai Kosuge, 1980
Geographic Range:-Taiwan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Queensland.
Habitat:-Found at depths of 50-400 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Large, solid to heavy. Last whorl ventricosely conical to slightly pyriform; outline convex at adapical fourth to three-fourths, straight to slightly concave below; columella curved to left at base in very large specimens. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of moderate height, outline slightly sigmoid to concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 1.3 mm. First 5- 10 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave to slightly convex, with 3 increasing to 8-10 spiral grooves. Adult specimens with weak or obsolete spiral ribs at base of last whorl. In subadult shells, entire last whorl with wide punctate or axially striate spiral grooves and ribbons between; ribbons narrow at base; some grooves with a central spiral rib.
Ground colour white. Last whorl usually with variably numerous and variably long brown axial streaks and blotches on both sides of centre, sometimes fused into broad, interrupted spiral bands. Central area immaculate or with a few brown markings. Early teleoconch sutural ramps immaculate, later ramps with scattered brown markings. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 90-161 mm
RW 0.60-1.30 g/mm
(L 90-142 mm)
RD 0.51-0.59
PMD 0.77-0.82
RSH 0.16-0.18
Discussion:-The holotype of C. potusmarumai is based on a slightly lower- spired shell with straighter sides..
C. p. fletcheri weaker grooves posteriorly more convex, very heavy axial brown blotches on dorsal side posteriorly.

 

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Conus peronianus  Iredale, 1931

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in AMS Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Rec. S. Austral. Mus. 18,  p. 224, pl. xxv,  f. 12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Sydney, Australia.
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 62 x 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone peronianus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Southern W. Australia eastward to Tasmania and Sydney, New South Wales.
Habitat:-Deep water
Description:- C. peronianus is probably an ecological variant, growing larger, usually with a lower spire and generally brighter in colour than other forms of C. anemone.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  perplexus  Sowerby ii, 1857

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Thes. Conch. iii, p. 20, pl. 14 (200),  f. 324
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of California.
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Perplexiconus Species:-perplexus
Synonyms:- luzonicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; pustulatus Kiener, 1845
Geographic Range:-Baja California, Mexico - Peru; Galapagos
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Extract Iconography
Normal length is between 15 and 30 mm, with some specimens reaching 40 mm. The body whorl is short conical in shape. The spire is low and conical in profile. Sutural ramps are flat to concave in cross section. The shoulders are subangular. Sides are slightly convex. Cords and nodules are absent. The protoconch is multispiral. The color pattern is variable and consists of two elements. First, the ground color is white. This ground color is covered by reddish brown markings in two bands. These are on either side of a lighter colored area at midbody. The bands consist of longitudinal bars and blotches that are loosely grouped into bands. These are interrupted at the midbody light colored area. The second element consists of interrupted spiral lines. These are close to the same shade as the brown coloration in the bars and blotches. There are no bright white makings in between the brown markings. However, pustulose specimens do have these bright white markings associated with spiral rows of pustules .The anterior end may be white but most specimens have some sort of brown shading. The interior of the aperture is white. There are no interior constrictions inside the aperture. The spire is also colored. The coloration consists of brown blotches. These may cross the shoulder angle. The color shade on .the whorl tops is the same shade as the blotches and bars in the bands. The anal notch is shallow to moderate in depth. There is an anterior notch. The body whorl can be pustulose but usually is smooth except for some ridges at anterior end.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus perprotractus  Petuch, 1987

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn

Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 112,  pl. 25,  f. 16 & 17
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Gulf of Venezuela, off Punto Fijo, Falcon, Venezuela; 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer synonym of Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name perprotractus

Habitat: Dredged, 35 mtrs

Description: Shell very elongated, tapering to a narrow anterior canal; spire low, flattened; sharp-angled shoulder; body whorl smooth, polished, with numerous faint striations around anterior end; spire whorls with 2 large spiral threads; colour white with a complex pattern comprising 2 thick orange-tan bands, mid body marked with a pure white band; anterior tip of the shell lavender purple; spire whorls with orange flammules; aperture white.

Discussion: C. perprotractus is closest to C. carioca which is a synonym of C. sanderi but differs in being a much more elongated shell with a lower spire, and by lacking the bright orange and pink color bands of the latter. The bright lavender-purple anterior end of C. perprotratus sets it aside from all other related forms. C. villepinii form fosteriis also similar to C. perprotractus, but differs in being less colorful, less elongated, thinner and more lightweight. And in being less polished. The purple tip and bright orange-tan color bands of C. perprotractus easily separates it from any form of C. villepinii.

 

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Conus  perrineae  Cossignani & Fiadeiro  2018

                                                  

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima

Published in: Malacologia 99, p. 17 - 19
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Maio - Ilhéu da Lage Branca, Praia do Galeăo,
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 18,5 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-perrineae
Synonyms:- The same species was described previously as Africonus angeluquei Tenorio, Abalde & Zardoya, 2018
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- The specimens studied were found at 0.3 to 5 meters deep, among rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Medium-sized shell (from 15 to 22 mm) from piriform profile, subtriangular, with medium-low spire,

rounded; the coloring of the spire tends to white. The opening is wide with internal coloring whitish, spirals bands of more intense color, just perceptible, with varying intensity, characterize the last round. The shoulder is round and accompanies the profile of the last lap, slightly convex in the

upper and almost rectilinear part in the distal part. The siphonic channel is sufficiently broad and in axis with the development of the shell.

Discussion:-

Short after the description the same species was described as Africonus angeluquei  Tenorio, Abalde & Zardoya, 2018

 

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Conus pertusus Hwass in Bruguiere,1792

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 686
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Indies
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 50 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-pertusus
Synonyms:- amabilis Lamarck, 1810;  festivus Dillwyn, 1817; elodieallaryae Cossignani, 2013
Geographic Range:-Philippines; Indo-W. Pacific
Habitat:-Found at depths of 5-100 m under coral in sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; outline convex below shoulder, straight below. In larger specimens, columella often curved to left near base. Shoulder angulate to subangulate. Spire of moderate height, outline domed. Larval shell projecting, of 3.25-4 whorls; maximum diameter 0.9-1.05 mm. First 0.5-2 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 2-3 increasing to 4-5 spiral grooves; number of grooves may be smaller and grooves are often obsolete on latest ramps. Last whorl smooth except for a few weak spiral ribs at base, or with raised, widely spaced spiral ribs from base to shoulder; wide grooves between ribs, with numerous heavy axial striae occasionally crossing 1-3 spiral threads. Smooth and heavily sculptured specimens occur in the same populations.
Juvenile shells (L less than 10 mm) uniformly lemon yellow, becoming overlaid with red and white colour zones during growth (Pl. 51, Fig. 6). In adults, ground colour varying from white to rose. Last whorl with orange-red to pink or tan clouds fusing into 2 variably broad spiral bands, on each side of centre. Adapical and central ground-colour bands crossed by axial clouds. Fine dotted and dashed brown spiral lines may extend from base to shoulder but are very variable in number and arrangement. Basal part of columella, siphonal fasciole and siphonal notch pink to violet. Larval whorls and a variable number of early postnuclear sutural ramps yellow; following ramps with clouds and blotches of same colour as last whorl. Aperture pale pink to violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 28-69 mm
RW 0.13-0.37 g/mm
(L 28-58 mm)
RD 0.53-0.64
PMD 0.75-0.89
RSH 0.09-0.19
Form C. p. festivus Dillwyn 40-50mm Phil. Is. typical smooth form;
Form C. p. amabilis is heavily sculptured form;offered Rices 2000 34-40mm at 25 usd
Juveniles yellow;
Discussion:-Despite its conchological variation, C. pertusus cannot be confused with any of its Indo-Pacific congeners, although juvenile specimens resemble C. corallinus. The larval and early teleoconch whorls of the latter species are pink, not yellow, the animal is pink to red, not greyish yellow with black spots.
C. festivus refers to the typical, smooth form of C. pertusus, and C. amabilis to a heavily sculptured form.

 

 

Conus pertusus elodieallaryae  Cossignani, 2013

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Cossignani

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Malacologia 81, p. 5 with pictures
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tuamotu Archipelago
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30.60 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus pertusus Hwass, 1792

Description: The length of the shell is about 3 cm, the shape of the adapicale area is domed with the protoconch of 2.5 whorls; the spire is modestly raised, the sutural grooves are slightly marked, the last whorl has a slightly curving profile with a quite narrow aperture;almost straight with thin lip; the outer surface is crossed by spiral lines barely detectable with color variations of dashes. The background color is pink-orange with white irregular, marbled patches arranged spirally in the central area of the last whorl and adjacent to the shoulder. The coloration is also visible in the inner part of the lip and fades into white deeper inside.

Soft parts are not available.

Discussion: The supposed subspecies is distinguished from Rhizoconus pertusus pertusus (Hwass in Bruguičre, 1792) for the shape of the spire, for the visible central white spiral band and for the slightly narrower aperture.

 

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Conus  petergabrieli  Lorenz, 2006

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Bill Fenzan

 

Published in: Club Conchylia Informationen 38 (1/2)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cuyo Island Group, NE Palawan
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36.3 x 21.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus dolium Boivin, 1864
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name petergabrieli

 

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Conus  petestimpsoni  Petuch & Berschauer,  2016

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP  David Berschauer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: The Festivus 48, Issue 4; p. 258-259; Fig. 1, E - H
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: East of Santana Island, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MORG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26.5 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid Species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-petestimpsoni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- At present, known only from the area extending from Cabo Frio to Rio de Janeiro and the offshore islands of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Habitat:- Trawled by commercial shrimp boats from 100 m depth
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of average size for genus, narrow, elongated, with straight or slightly concave sides; spire proportionally low, with early whorls subpyramidal; juvenile specimens  have higher, more elevated spires than do adult specimens, and spire gradually flattens out as individual matures; shoulder sharply-angled, edged with low, broad, rounded carina, producing slightly concave spire whorls; body whorl smooth and glossy, with matte finish and silky texture; anterior end encircled with 12-14 evenly-spaced, low, rounded spiral cords; shell color typically bright reddish-orange, overlaid with one or two wide white or pinkish-white bands, one around mid-body and one anterior of shoulder area; red and white bands overlaid with 18-20 narrow rows of evenly-spaced alternating dark brown and white rectangular spots; spire whorls white or pale orange-white, overlaid with large, evenly-spaced orangebrown crescent-shaped flammules that connect to large dark brown spots and patches along shoulder carina; some specimens (rarely seen) have the same general color pattern as holotype, but have deep yellow bands instead of typical bright red-orange bands; aperture white or pale violet-white, proportionally narrow, widening toward anterior end; protoconch proportionally large, orange in color, rounded, domelike, composed of 2 whorls.
Discussion:-A species in the lemniscatus complex

 

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Conus peterstimpsoni  Cossignani & Allary, 2021

 

Pictures
Picture Link: Holotype in Peter Stimpson Shell Museum

Published in: Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 111: 10-11
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Los Frailes, Isola Maragharita, Venezuela
Type Data: Holotype in Peter Stimpson Shell Museum
Type Size: 28,87 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy:
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Tenorioconus Species:-peterstimpsoni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Venezuela
Habitat:-No Data
Description:
Discussion:-No Data

 

 

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Conus petuchi  Monteiro, Afonso, Tenorio, Rosado & Pirinhas, 2014

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio

Picture Link: Paul Kersten


Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 5, P. 68-70; Pl. 3, fig. 1-7
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Northern Baía do Baba in the Namibe Province, Angola, Southern Angola, West Africa
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 28.6 x 17.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-petuchi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Found in fissures with coarse sand on rock slabs and platforms in relatively calm waters at the outer side of the bay, from 4 to 12 meters deep.
Description:-Source Original description
Shell solid, moderately small, broadly and ventricosely conical, with rounded shoulder. Spire low to moderate, spiral ramps slightly convex, depressed sutures; protoconch and first whorls typically eroded. Last whorl smooth, previous lips often noticeable. The periostracum is yellowish brown and translucent. Ground color ivory white, covered with axial lightning-shaped dark brown markings that may coalesce forming wide spiral bands, namely on the anterior tip of the shell and on the first third below the shoulder; almost entirely dark brown shells are known. The spiral ramps are of the same color as the body whorl. The aperture is white. The operculum is small and elongated.

Discussion:-

 

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Conus pfluegeri  Petuch, 2004

 

Pictures:

Picture Link: Holotype in AMNH  Image reproduced Courtesy of the PRI; Catalogue Number of Type: 308069; www.amnh.org

Picture Link: Paratytype in AMNH  Image reproduced Courtesy of the PRI

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Cenozoic Seas the View of Eastern North America,  p. 293, pl. 97, figs F & I

Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean

Type Locality: Lake Worth Lagoon, Southern Eastern Florida

Type Data: Holotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued

Type Size: 25 x 13 mm

Nomenclature: An available Name

Taxonomy: A valid species or a form of Conus jaspideus

Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE

Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-jaspideus pfluegeri forma

Habitat:-In tidal channels on limestone substrates
Description:-Shell is biconic, slightly pyriform with high protracted spire, shoulder sharply angled, body whorl glossy, anterior half of bodywhorl sculptures with 10-12 large, deeply impressed spiral sulci, posterior half of body whorl smooth, shell color typically purple or purplish-brown, base color overlaid with 20-22 spiral rows of closely packed, alternating brown and white dots; edge of shoulder carina marked with large, evenly spaced dark brown spots; spire whorls same color as base color, marked with scattered widely spaced pale brown flammules; interior of aperture pale lavender; protoconch smooth composed of 2 whorls, lavender color.
Discussion:-No Data

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Conus  philippequiquandoni  Cossignani, 2019

 

Pictures:
Picture Link:  from the original description

Published in: Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 102, P. 26-27, figured
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mactan, Cebu, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in MMM
Type Size: 13 mm
Nomenclature: an available name
Taxonomy: Unsure, holotype could be a juvenile shell, probably hopwoodi Tomlin, 1937 or valid
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Fusiconus Species: - philippequiquandoni
Synonyms:- Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-
Description:-

Shell of small dimensions for the genus, of subtriangular shape, with high spire and slightly

concave profile. The protoconch comprises 2.4 brown cup shaped whorls; The spire

comprises 5 whorls whose sutures are knurled with a raised cord of dark brown and

alternating white spots which also characterize the raised supersutural band in a regular

manner.

About thirty coloured brown and white coloured spiral cords form the last whorl. The

aperture is quite narrow and the external lip is quite thin; the siphonal channel is in line; shoulder inline with the spire.

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Conus  philippii  Kiener, 1845

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation Kiener (1845,  pl. 98, fig. 2)

 

Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2,  p. 213, pl. 98,  f. 2
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Mexico
Type Data: There is a cited figure : Kiener (1845, pl. 98, fig. 2)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-philippii
Synonyms:- ernesti Petuch, 1990
Geographic Range:-E. Florida, USA - Panama
Habitat:-Usually deeper water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy with a good gloss; biconical, the upper sides straight/convex, the base narrow; basal ridges seperated by shallow grooves; shoulder wide, usually carinate, sharply angled; spire tall, sharply pointed, the sides straight/concave; earliest whorls fine nodules others carinate, often projecting; body whorl covered with many spiral rows of dark brown dashes and spots; color usually dark reddish brown or orange brown in two broad bands around paler midbody; base yellowish; aperture moderately narrow widening; outer lip sloping below shoulder, thin, sharp, straight; mouth bluish white; columella internal.
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus philquiquandoni  Cossignani, 2020

 

Pictures:
Picture Link:   Holotype

Published in: Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 106
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of  C. collisus

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Conus  phlogopus Tomlin, 1937

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tab. Enc. 1798,  pl. 336,  f.1

 

Published in: Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. xxii,  part 4,  p. 206
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Africa (erroneus) (C. flammeus Lamarck, 1810)
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tab. Enc. 1798,  pl. 336,  f. 1
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. flammeus Lamarck, 1810.
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus lorenzianus Dillwyn, 1817
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name phlogopus

 

----------

 

Conus phuketensis  da Motta, 1978

 

Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Natural Study (Thai). 2,. no. 1, seq. 7,  p. 4,  figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled off Phuket Is., Thailand; 40-80 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 81 x 33 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-phuketensis
Synonyms:- pretiosus Nevill & Nevill, 1874
Geographic Range:-W. Thailand
Habitat:-Found at depths of 50-150 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
A senior name is C. pretiosus which was not used for years
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical, outline convex adapically and straight below. Shoulder angulate. Spire usually of moderate height, stepped, outline almost straight. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7 mm. First 2-4 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with 0-1 increasing to 3-7 spiral grooves; additional spiral threads and striae on latest ramps. Last whorl almost smooth or with widely spaced weak spiral grooves abapically and ribbons between.
Ground colour white to cream. Last whorl sometimes with narrow cream to yellowish brown spiral bands from base to shoulder. Overlying spiral rows of variously sized and shaped, brown to dark brown markings fuse into variably prominent interrupted spiral band, below shoulder, just above centre and within abapical third. Larval whorls white to pale brown. Postnuclear sutural ramps white or cream with brown to dark brown radial streaks and blotches. Aperture light purple, paler deep within, sometimes with shades of orange.
Shell Morphometry
L 60-95 mm
RW 0.20-0.49 g/mm
RD 0.47-0.55
PMD 0.75-0.84
RSH 0.10-0.21
Discussion:-C. phuketensis is essentially identical to C. lynceus in sculpture and colour pattern. C. lynceus tends to have a broader last whorl (RD 0.50- 0.58); its spire is not stepped, the spiral grooves on its late sutural ramps more prominent but with narrower elevations between, its periostracum grey instead of brown. C. phuketensis may represent a variant of C. lynceus, occurring indeeper water (50-150 m vs. 20-50 m) where it lives sympatrically in W. Thailand (da Motta & Lenavat, 1979.

 

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Conus  pica  A.  Adams & Reeve, 1848

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype 26.6 mm x 14.7 mm Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Syntype 34.0 mm x 18.6 mm Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

 

Published in: Zool. Voy. Samarang. Moll., pt. 1, p. 18, pl. 5, f. 10 a-d
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Balambougan Is.
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26.6  x 14.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-pica
Synonyms:- dolium Boivin, 1864
Geographic Range:-Philippines, North-east Borneo and North-east Indonesia
Habitat:-Found in sand or coral rubble, intertidal to about 15 meters
Description:-Source Filmer 2011 Summary
C. pica A. Adams & Reeve, 1848 is a small to medium sized (20-45 mm average 33 mm) ovate (RD .53-.55), solid, medium weight shell (RWO.57-1.65 average 1:24). The spire is low (8% to 16%, average 10% of length) with a straight to barely concave outline. The protoconch is greyish-white and rounded (see pI. 13, fig. 5). There are 9 post nuclear whorls, the early ones stepped and beaded the latter ones flat but sloping with 3-4 regular spiral grooves. The sutures are clearly defined and even. The spire is white to ivory white with a few irregular dark brown axial bars or spots. The shoulder is angulate. The body whorl is convex in outline below the shoulder then straightens before becoming slightly upturned at the base. There are numerous angled spiral grooves of varying sizes at the base these become less frequent and more separated towards the centre after which they become obsolete. The grooves and the interstices are often crossed by fine axial striae giving a cancellate effect. The body whorl appears shiny but actually contains numerous very fine spiral and axial striae. The ground is white to ivory-white with some dark brown or even black blotches which may be axial aligned, may be squiggly and may form two vague bands. The size, number and color depth of these blotches varies widely between specimens. Occasionally there. is some pale blue-grey smeared among the blotches. Most but not all specimens also display some tiny brown to blackish dots which appear in spiral rows. Smaller semi-adult specimens may be less ovate and lack brown blotches. Some specimens like the three syntype varieties are almost plain white. The anal notch is shallow to medium in depth and is 'V' shaped. The columella varies from almost straight to twisted with a plait and is white. The lip is firm and curved back at both ends. The aperture is wide to very wide and the interior is white, in some specimens the edge shows the external coloring. The periostracum is thin and and pale opaque grey, the operculum and animal are unknown to this author and have not been mentioned by other authors.
Discussion:-C. pica differs from C. spectrum, C. conspersus, C. verreauxii, C.filamentosus and C. stillatus by its stouter shape, more rounded shoulder and its less patterned coloring. C. pica differs from C. purissimus and C. daphne by its stouter shape, more rounded shoulder less pronounced spiral grooves and color pattern. The unmarked varieties of C. pica do more closely resemble C. purissimus but are more ovate, have a more concave spire outline, have different more closely set less pronounced spiral grooves on the body whorl and are less solid and lighter in weight. C. pica differs only slightly from C. dolium and C. petergabrieli by its more rounded shoulder, higher spire and more varied and darker color patterns. C. pica differs from C. broderipii by its larger size, its broader shape and much less dense pattern. C. pica differs from C. zandbergeni by its lower spire, its lack of spiral lines of dashes and lack of pinkish peach coloring.

 

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Conus  pictus  Reeve, 1843

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten  Specimen in the middle is transkeiensis

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus,  pl. 18,  sp. 98
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Stainforth and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 27 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-pictus
Synonyms:- beckeri Sowerby iii, 1911; transkeiensis Korn, 1998
Geographic Range:-South Africa; eastern Cape
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Iconography
Medium-sized shell, with an almost straight to slightly convex profile. Shoulder angulate, spire low to moderately high, stepped, with a more or less straight profile. Sutural ramps concave upwardly, carinate, without spiral grooves. The surface oflast whorl is smooth, with only weak spiral ribs towards the anterior end.
The ground color is variable: white, bluish-white, pink or orange to yellow. The last whorl presents three brown, pink, orange or yellow spiral bands and between these bands, a number of spiral rows of brown dots may be present. Spire covered with radial brown flames that may extend to the last whorl. Aperture white.

Transkeiensis is a more elongated form.

 

Conus pictus  f. transkeiensis  Korn, 1998

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMC Mike Filmer

 

Published in: La Conchiglia xxx,  no. 289,  p. 39,  f. 6,  10-14
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Northern Transkei, South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in NMC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus pictus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-pictus transkeiensis subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South Africa, Transkei
Habitat:-Found at depths of 100-200 meters
Description:-Source Original description La Conchiglia Oct-Dec 1998
C. pictus transkeiensis comes from northern Transkei (Algoa-Natal Overlap). Mbotyi is located about 200 km south of Durban (i.e. just south of Port Edward). Not distinguishable from the nominal subspecies by shell size, relative weight, or spire height. Last whorl more conical in shape and with straighter outline. First teleoconch sutural ramps with o or 2-4 weak spiral grooves; following ramps with axial threads but without spiral sculpture. Larval shell of 1.25 - 1.50 whorls, maximum diameter 1.75 - 1.90 mm. Spire concave to straight to sigmoid in outline, sometimes flat with projecting protoconch.
Ground color white to light violet. Last whorl with widely spaced spiral rows of brown dots and axial zigzag streaks on basal and adapical thirds. Axial streaks sometimes extending onto shoulder, overlaid by a light brown spiral band on both sides of mid-body. Spiral bands and axial streaks may be variably reduced. Spire with brown radial streaks. Larval shell white to faint lilac. Aperture violet. Periostracum variably thin, colorless to olive, variably translucent, thicker on spire; shoulder fringed. In shells with thicker periostracum, fine closely set rows of tufts encircling the last whorl.
The nominal subspecies of C. pictus differs from C. pictus transkeiensis in its brown spiral sub-shoulder band, its less conical last whorl with less straight sides, and its white rather than violet aperture. The striking similarities in color pattern and shape strongly suggest a conspecific status.

 

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Conus  pilkeyi  Petuch, 1974

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CAS Mike Filmer

Published in: Veliger 17,  p. 40, f. 3-6 & 9
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Marau Sound, Solomon Is; 54 m.
Type Data: Holotype in CAS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 59 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus ochroleucus Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-ochroleucus pilkeyi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines - New Guinea - Fiji
Habitat:-In 6-60 m; on muddy bottom and on rocky substrate with patches of rubble and coarse sand
Description:-
The type of C. pilkeyi is dark brown with many spiral ribbons, carinate whorls and angulate shoulder,  (highly dubious assignment as synonym).
Discussion:-No Data

 

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Conus  pineaui  Pin, 1989

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

 

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 14,  p. 66, f. 17, 32 & 38
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Petite Cote, Senegal; 30-40 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28.7 x 15.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A synonym (color form) of guinaicus Hwass, 1792; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-pineaui
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Senegal, W. Africa
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-40 m.
Description:-Source Original description
The shell of C. pineaui is relatively stocky, with a wide and rounded shoulder. The sides are almost straight on the two inferior thirds of the last whorl. The spire is not very high, with 8 whorls below the apex. The protoconch consists of one and a half whorl, especially visible in the juveniles. The base is rather large, with striae more or less visible to the naked eye on the first third. The aperture is large and flaring at the base. The interior of the lip is white.
Against a light brown (more rarely, dark brown) background, some white flammulae are visible on the whole surface of the last whorl. These flammulae, more or less wide and more or less numerous, can be interrupted and arranged in three bands: one below the aperture, the second on the inferior third, and the third at the shoulder. The flammulae are sometimes reduced to just a few spots and even disappear more or less completely. In the most extreme cases, the shell presents a background colour faded to very light brow or pale yellow, with just one whitish band, more or less well defined, on the inferior third. The interior of the shell is always uniformly white, without spots.
The shells examined have an average length of 25-30 mm, the largest one measuring 40.9 mm.
Discussion:-The shell of C. pineaui could be mistaken for a juvenile of C. ermineus, but the general shape of C. ermineus is clearly pyriform, while the sides of C. pineaui are almost straight. The colouration of the two species is very different: C. ermineus presents white spots on a brown background, while c. pineaui, in its typical form, always has flammulae. In C. ermineus the interior of the lip has a brown border following the external spots, and the inside of its shell is always purple while that of c. pineaui is always whitish. Comparing C. pineaui to C. guinaicus, the latter has a much narrower shoulder, a higher spire, and a rather pyriform shape. The decoration of C. guinaicus is made of spots arranged on two bands, one near the shoulder, the other at one third of the shell starting from the base. Finally, the interior of C. guinaicus is purplish and clearly shows two white bands exactly corresponding to the external ones.

 

Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)

based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation  Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020

 

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Conus  pinedensis  Cossignani & Fiadeiro,  2017

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima

 

Published in: Malacologia  94, p. 34 - 35
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Pinedo, Boa Vista, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 16.2 x 8.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus damottai Trovăo, 1979; see Discussion
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-pinedensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- Collected between 0.5 m and 5m depth under the reef rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Medium sized shell (from 12 to 17mm) with pear-shaped elongated profile, with moderately high spire which is slightly stepped with visible sutures, almost straight; the shoulder area slightly flatter; the pattern of the spire is whitish with fawn macualtions.The aperture is wide, internally brownish reddish-purple, with two light bands creating 3 different zones of which the most small is adapical. The shell has a marbled white color with obvious white markings spirally positioned and undulating in the light fawn background. The color is darker basally with a few spiral grooves.

Discussion:-

Proposed new species Conus damottai Trovăo, 1979

 

Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae)

based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation  Tenorio, Abalde, Pardos-Blas & Zardoya 2020

 

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Conus  piti  Rabiller & Richard, 2019

 

Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 24, P. 26-27, Pl. 10, fig. 26-27
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Est la Désirade, Guadeloupe Isl.

Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 11,2 x 5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy:
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-piti
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- The species is known from La Désirade (East and South) and Marie-

Galante (Sud), Guadeloupe
Habitat:-
Description:-Source Original description

The shell has a globally conical aspect, slightly pinched at the anterior ending. The spire, strongly stepped and very slightly concave, represents one third of the total length of the shell.

The protoconch, of a multispiral type with three whorls, is smooth, with rounded sides and of a shining gray colour, looking translucent. Two to three pristine white postnuclear whorls follow. The next whorls present a few sparse reddish brown blotches. The spire whorls are nodulose, strongly carinated, giving the whole the general look of a stair. They have an axial sculpture and marked

arched striae that slightly fade the fine furrows of the spiral sculpture. The sculpture gradually fades.

The shoulder is angular, pinched, and the undulations are nearly absent. The last whorl of the shell of the new species presents well- marked grooves, regularly punctured, which makes them stand out from the background that is otherwise smooth. These inter-grooves have the same reddish brown markings as the spire. This ornamentation is regular, either forming two spiral bands (holotype and paratype 1), or further grouped along axial lines (paratype 2).

The periostracum, present on the spire of the holotype, is thin, fibrous, slightly opaque and very light coloured. The aperture is very fragile, narrow, and its interior is white. Initially, in its posterior area, it seems to move away abruptly from the last whorl, before taking again a straight trajectory. The anal canal, clearly separated from the shoulder, is straight and shallow.

 

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Last update  November 2021